281 research outputs found
On Efficiency of Selected Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection in Software Defined Networks
We propose a concept of using Software Defined Network (SDN) technology and machine learning algorithms for monitoring and detection of malicious activities in the SDN data plane. The statistics and features of network traffic are generated by the native mechanisms of SDN technology. In order to conduct tests and a verification of the concept, it was necessary to obtain a set of network workload test data. We present virtual environment which enables generation of the SDN network traffic. The article examines the efficiency of selected machine learning methods: Self Organizing Maps and Learning Vector Quantization and their enhanced versions. The results are compared with other SDN-based IDS
On the existence of bounded solutions for nonlinear second order neutral difference equations
\noindent Using the techniques connected with the measure of noncompactness
we investigate the neutral difference equation of the following form
\begin{equation*} \Delta \left(r_{n}\left(\Delta
\left(x_{n}+p_{n}x_{n-k}\right) \right) ^{\gamma}\right)
+q_{n}x_{n}^{\alpha}+a_{n}f(x_{n})=0. \end{equation*}% where
,
,
, is a continuous function, and is a
given positive integer, is ratio of odd positive integers,
is a nonnegative constant. % converges
uniformly on . %Here \bN_0\colon =\left\{0,1,2, \dots \right\}
and \bN_k \colon = \left\{k, k+1, -k+2, \dots \right\} where is a given
positive integer. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a bounded solution
are obtained. Also a special type of stability and asymptotic stability are
studied. Some earlier results are generalized. We note that the solution which
we obtain does not directly correspond to a fixed point of a certain continuous
operator since it is partially iterated. The method which we develop allows for
considering through techniques connected with the measure of noncompactness
also difference equations with memory. {\small \textbf{Keywords} Difference
equation, measures of noncompactness, Darbo's fixed point theorem, boundedness,
stability} {\small \textbf{AMS Subject classification} 39A10, 39A22, 39A30}Comment: submitted to Electronic Journal of the Qualitative Theory of
Differential Equation
Public Participation GIS for sustainable urban mobility planning: methods, applications and challenges
Sustainable mobility planning is a new approach to planning, and as such it requires new methods of public participation, data collection and data aggregation. In the article we present an overview of Public Participation GIS (PPGIS) methods with potential use in sustainable urban mobility planning. We present the methods using examples from two recent case studies conducted in Polish cities of Poznań and Łodź. Sustainable urban mobility planning is a cyclical process, and each stage has different data and participatory requirements. Consequently, we situate the PPGIS methods in appropriate stages of planning, based on potential benefits they may bring into the planning process. We discuss key issues related to participant recruitment and provide guidelines for planners interested in implementing methods presented in the paper. The article outlines future research directions stressing the need for systematic case study evaluation
Intrusion Detection in Software De ned Networks with Self-organized Maps, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2015, nr 4
The Software Defined Network (SDN) architecture provides new opportunities to implement security mechanisms in terms of unauthorized activities detection. At the same time, there are certain risks associated with this technology. The presented approach covers a conception of the measurement method, virtual testbed and classification mechanism for SDNs. The paper presents a measurement method which allows collecting network traffic flow parameters, generated by a virtual SDN environment. The collected dataset can be used in machine learning methods to detect unauthorized activities
Obecność związków powierzchniowo czynnych w rzece Kłodnica (Katowice, Polska). Część 1. Liniowe alkilobenzenosulfoniany
Surfactants are a group of compounds with specific physico-chemical properties and therefore they are used in many spheres of human activity. Surface-active substances undergo various physico-chemical transformations, what enables their migration between different elements of the environment and may lead to its pollution. Selected anionic surfactants were determined in samples of water from the Klodnica river (25 samples) and bottom sediments (25 samples). In most samples the presence of anionic analytes was confirmed. The determined concentration levels were in the range of up to 0.2105±0.0023 mg/dm3 or 0.207±0.010 μg/kg (surface water and bottom sediment samples, respectively). Comparing the concentrations of certain analytes found in liquid and solid environmental samples, it can be noticed that the surfactants containing a shorter alkyl chain in a molecule were present in higher concentrations in liquid samples (hydrophobicity increasing with the increasing length of the chain) and the other way round
Effectiveness of selected medical and non-medical methods of prevention and reduction of overweight and obesity
Obesity is a growing health, social and economic problem around
the world. In some developed countries adults that are overweight
or obese are more than 40% of the population. Unfortunately, the
rapid Americanization of lifestyle makes the presence of excess
body weight more common in developing countries and countries
with low gross domestic product. More and more scientific and economic
evidence supports the fact that obesity as a single risk factor
is one of the largest economic burden for health care systems. At
the same time there are no effective policies on this issue that can
be implemented on a global scale. For many years, effective therapies
of overweight and obesity are sought at both the individual
and the population scales. Interventions in obese individuals are
mainly based on three levels of intervention ladder. At the first level,
therapeutic interventions are based mainly on lifestyle changes (the
introduction of a healthy style of nutrition, individually fitted physical
activity level). The second level of treatment, often combined with
lifestyle interventions, includes pharmacotherapy. The third level
of the therapeutic ladder in obese patients is bariatric surgery.
Effective solutions among the population scale activities are: the
introduction of proper labeling system and banning on advertising
certain products to children. High degree of positive impact can
also be demonstrated in the case of some programs to support
the purchase and delivery of healthy foods. In recent months, more
and more has been spoken about taxing unhealthy food. This
article presents a comprehensive overview of current guidelines
for the treatment of obesity and public health methods used in
the prevention of overweight and obesity on a population scale.Otyłość jest narastającym problemem zdrowotnym, społecznym
oraz ekonomicznym na całym świecie. W niektórych krajach
wysoko uprzemysłowionych dorośli z nadwagą lub otyłością
stanowią ponad 40% populacji. Niestety, szybka amerykanizacja
stylu życia sprawia, że występowanie nadmiaru masy ciała
jest coraz powszechniejsze w krajach rozwijających się i tych
o niskim produkcie krajowym brutto. Coraz więcej dowodów
naukowych i ekonomicznych przemawia za faktem, że otyłość
jako pojedynczy czynnik ryzyka jest obecnie jednym z największych
obciążeń ekonomicznych dla systemów ochrony zdrowia.
Jednocześnie brakuje skutecznych, możliwych do realizacji w ska-li
globalnej, polityk dotyczących tego problemu. Od wielu lat
poszukiwane są skuteczne terapie nadwagi i otyłości zarówno
w skali indywidualnej, jak i populacyjnej. Interwencje u poszczególnych
otyłych osób opierają się głównie na trzech szczeblach
„drabiny interwencyjnej”. Na pierwszym szczeblu postępowania
leczniczego są interwencje opierające się głównie na zmianach
stylu życia (odpowiednie żywienie, indywidualne dopasowanie
poziomu aktywności fizycznej). Drugi szczebel leczenia, często
dołączany do pierwszego, to włączenie farmakoterapii. Trzecim
stopniem „drabiny terapeutycznej” u pacjentów otyłych jest
chirurgia bariatryczna. Wśród działań na skalę populacyjną efektywnym
rozwiązaniem jest wprowadzanie prawidłowego systemu
oznakowania produktów oraz zakazu reklamowania wybranych
produktów do dzieci. Wysoki stopień pozytywnego oddziaływania
można również wykazać w przypadku niektórych programów
wspierających zakup lub dostarczanie zdrowej żywności.
W ostatnich miesiącach coraz więcej mówi się też o wprowadzaniu
podatków na żywność „niezdrową”.
W niniejszym artykule kompleksowo przedstawiono przegląd
aktualnych wytycznych dotyczących leczenia otyłości, a także
metod stosowanych w zakresie zdrowia publicznego służących
prewencji nadwagi i otyłości w skali populacyjnej
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