Instrumentos de detecção do uso de álcool em homens idosos: um estudo populacional na região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: This study compares the efficacy of the AUDIT (gold standard) with the more easily and quickly applied instruments CAGE, TWEAK, and T-ACE for men aged > 60 using data from a representative stratified sample of the general population of metropolitan São Paulo. METHOD: The GENACIS questionnaire was administered to a total sample of 2,083 people aged over 18, with a response rate of 74.5%. The elderly male sample consisted of 169 men. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and confidence intervals were calculated for each instrument (95% CI). RESULTS: Respondents were predominantly married (81.7%), had up to 11 years of education (61.3%) and a monthly per capita income of up to 300 US dollars. Current abstinence rate was high (61.6%) and 38% reported being former drinkers. There were no statistically significant differences among the instruments tested; however, the TWEAK had a higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% CI; 0.90-0.99). CONCLUSION: Research in the general population with screening instruments is scarce, especially among the elderly. However, it can provide specific information concerning this age group and be useful in the formulation of policies and prevention strategies.OBJETIVO: Este estudo compara a eficácia do AUDIT (padrão-ouro) com o CAGE, TWEAK, e T-ACE, instrumentos mais fáceis e rápidos de aplicar, entre homens com > 60 anos de idade, utilizando dados de uma amostra representativa estratificada da população da região metropolitana de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Foi utilizado o questionário GENACIS em uma amostra total de 2.083 entrevistados de 18 anos ou mais de idade. A taxa de resposta foi de 74,5%. A amostra de homens idosos (> 60 anos) foi constituída por 169 homens. Foram calculados para cada instrumento a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo, área sob a curva ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) e intervalos de confiança (IC 95%). RESULTADOS: Houve predominância de homens casados (81,7%), com até 11 anos de estudo (61,3%) e com renda per capita de até 300 dólares. A taxa de abstinência atual foi alta (61,6%), dos quais 38% relataram ter sido ex-bebedores. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os instrumentos testados. No entanto, o TWEAK apresentou maior área sob a curva ROC (0,95; IC 95% 0,90-0,99). CONCLUSÃO: As pesquisas em população geral com instrumentos de rastreamento são escassas, principalmente entre idosos. No entanto, podem fornecer informações específicas para essa faixa etária e são úteis para a formulação de políticas e estratégias de prevenção.(FAPESP) São Paulo Research Foundatio

The nursing work at an burn center: psychosocial risks

Objective: aimed both at identifying psychosocial risks and rewards in the nursing work at a burn center and checking its possible association with occupational stress. Method: An exploratory quantitative and descriptive research piece of research. Data were collected through closed questionnaires on effort and reward in the work. Thirty seven nursing workers from a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro district in 2013 took part in it. Results: The psychosocial risks pointed by the group cause occupational stress according to some of them: time pressure, interruptions, a lot of responsibility in the work and physically demanding. The rewards were the respect of superiors and colleagues, adequate support in difficult situations and fairly treated. Conclusions: Conclusions show that it is necessary to diagnose and monitor the risks in the work as well as strengthen the rewards to minimize occupational stress and promote the physical and mental health of the group

Efeito do Reiki no nível de ansiedade e nos sinais vitais de acadêmicos de Enfermagem

Objective: Analyze the effect of Reiki on the level of anxiety and vital signs of nursing students.Method: This is a randomized clinical trial, with two groups, control and intervention, and participation of ten nursing students.  Randomization  was  performed  using  sealed  and  shuffled  envelopes (control  and  intervention),  that were distributed in a similar way to those interested in participating in the research. The socio-demographic identification instrument and anxiety inventory, Dash- State –IDATE was applied, beyond the assessment of Vital Signs before and after each session. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis.Results: All participants were female, single and 50% lived alone. Regarding anxiety, in the control group, only the variable “I feel safe” presented statistical significance before and after the study. In the intervention group, the questions “I feel rested”, “I am agitated”, “I feel like a nervous wreck” and “I feel happy” presented statistical significance. In the assessment of vital signs, in the intervention group, statistical significance  was  noted  in  heart  and  respiratory  rate  variations.Conclusion:  The  Reiki  technique  changes  some symptoms related to anxiety after the sessions are applied. And there is still an effect on vital signs, especially on heart and respiratory rate.Objetivo: Analisar o efeito do Reiki no nível de ansiedade e nos sinais vitais de acadêmicos de enfermagem. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, com dois grupos, controle e intervenção, e participação de dez acadêmicos de enfermagem. A randomização foi realizada por meio de envelopes selados e embaralhados, contendo um dos dois grupos (controle e intervenção) que foram distribuídos de forma similar aos interessados em participar da pesquisa. Foi aplicado o instrumento de identificação sociodemográfico e inventário de ansiedade Traço- Estado IDATE, e avalição dos Sinais Vitais antes e após cada sessão. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e os Testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney para análise dos dados. Resultados: Todos os participantes eram do sexo feminino, solteiras e, 50% morava sozinha. Com relação à ansiedade, no grupo controle apenas a variável “Sinto-me seguro” apresentou significância estatística antes e após o estudo. Já no grupo intervenção as questões “Sinto-me descansado”, “Estou agitado”, “Sinto-me uma pilha de nervos” e “Sinto-me alegre” apresentaram significância estatística. Na avaliação dos sinais vitais, no grupo intervenção notou-se significância estatística nas variações da frequência cardíaca e respiratória. Conclusão: a técnica Reiki altera alguns sintomas relacionados à ansiedade após a aplicação das sessões. E ainda se percebe efeito nos sinais vitais, em especial na frequência cardíaca e respiratória.

ASD and Inclusion: Teacher Training and the Use of Alternative and Extended Communication in Inclusive Educational Contexts

In recent decades, there has been a search for a model of education that allows the participation of all students in the same school space, that is, an inclusive school. Inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a recurring topic and has posed challenges for teachers, families and school management aiming at the participation of these students in the school environment and its pedagogical practices. ASD is currently classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder marked, mainly, by the difficulty of interaction and social communication (APA, 2014). As a result, it is common for students with ASD to present verbal and/or nonverbal communicative deficits. Given the pivotal role communication has in ensuring the socialization and educational inclusion of students with autism, this research seeks to answer the following questions: How does teacher training prepare teachers to help students with ASD? What resources of alternative and/or extended communication (AEC) can enable students with ASD to better communicate with their teachers? In order to answer these questions, the present paper investigates the theoretical and political foundations that regulate the inclusion of students with ASD in regular school, and analyzes teacher training in its relation to promoting their inclusion. Thus, the present paper discusses teacher training for the use of AEC tools in the regular classroom. It is believed that the great challenge teachers face is continuing education of the pedagogical strategies and practices for assisiting students with ASD in their learning processes in the regular classroom. This paper also addresses relevant public policies and the responsibility of the public power to effectively promote education for all, an education that respects the Other as a true Other

Violência relacionada ao trabalho na psiquiatria: percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los tipos de violencia relacionada con el trabajo en una unidad de internación psiquiátrica en la percepción del personal de enfermería y discutir las implicaciones para la salud del grupo. Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, cumplida en una unidad de internación psiquiátrica de un hospital universitario. Se ha utilizado la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada con dieciséis trabajadores de enfermería. Aplicada el análisis de contenido a los testimonios, se identificó que la violencia psicológica y institucional resultante de las condiciones de trabajo inadecuadas causan daño a los trabajadores y la práctica de enfermería. La conclusión es la importancia de la institución invertir en acciones preventivas con el fin de promover la salud del grupo y la calidad del servicio.Objetivou-se, neste estudo, analisar os tipos de violência relacionados ao trabalho em unidade de internação psiquiátrica, de acordo com a percepção dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, e discutir as repercussões para a saúde dos integrantes do grupo. Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, realizada em unidade de internação psiquiátrica de hospital universitário. Utilizouse a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, com 16 trabalhadores de enfermagem. Aplicada a análise de conteúdo aos depoimentos, identificou-se que tanto a violência psicológica quanto a institucional, decorrentes das condições inadequadas de trabalho, prejudicam os trabalhadores e a prática de enfermagem. Conclui-se, então, a importância de a instituição investir em ações preventivas no intuito de promover a saúde do grupo, bem como a qualidade do serviço ofertada.The objective in this study was to analyze the types of violence related to the work at a psychiatric inpatient service as perceived by the nursing professionals and to discuss the repercussions for the group members’ health. Qualitative and descriptive research, undertaken at a psychiatric inpatient service of a teaching hospital. The semistructured interview technique was used with 16 nursing workers. Content analysis was applied to the testimonies. It was identified that both psychological and institutional violence, deriving from the inappropriate work conditions, negatively affect the professionals and nursing practice. In conclusion, it is important for the institution to invest in preventive actions in order to promote the group’s health and the quality of the service offered

Atuação e desafios do enfermeiro no tratamento de sífilis na gestação

Objective: To analyze the performance and the main challenges faced by nursing in the treatment of syphilis in pregnancy. Method: This is an integrative review of the literature, with a descriptive and exploratory approach. The search was carried out in the electronic databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Virtual Library in Health (BVS) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS). Results: For the analysis of the findings, 11 articles were selected that are arranged in a table, in which the main challenges and the performance of nursing in the treatment of gestational syphilis were identified. Conclusion: The results revealed that nurses have found internal factors, such as the lack of improvement of the professional techniques of nurses in the management of syphilis and the insufficiency of drugs, and external ones, such as the reluctance of the partners to adhere to the treatment of syphilis and the late onset of prenatal care, factors that hinder the assistance to the treatment and in scope of syphilis diagnosis.Objetivo: Analisar a atuação e os principais desafios enfrentados pela enfermagem no tratamento da sífilis na gestação. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória. A busca foi realizada nas bases bases de dados eletrônicos Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados: Para análise dos achados, foram selecionados 11 artigos que estão dispostos em um quadro, nos quais identificou-se os principais desafios e a atuação da enfermagem frente ao tratamento da sífilis gestacional. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram que os enfermeiros têm constatado fatores internos, como a carência de aprimoramento das técnicas profissionais dos enfermeiros no manuseio da sífilis e a insuficiência de fármacos, e externos, como a relutância dos parceiros a aderência do tratamento da sífilis e o início tardio do pré-natal, fatores esses que dificultam a assistência ao tratamento e no alcance do diagnóstico da sífilis.&nbsp

GQ-16, a TZD-derived partial PPARγ agonist, induces the expression of thermogenesis- related genes in brown fat and visceral white fat and decreases visceral adiposity in obese and hyperglycemic mice

Background Beige adipocytes comprise a unique thermogenic cell type in the white adipose tissue (WAT) of rodents and humans, and play a critical role in energy homeostasis. In this scenario, recruitment of beige cells has been an important focus of interest for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat obesity. PPARγ activation by full agonists (thiazolidinediones, TZDs) drives the appearance of beige cells, a process so-called browning of WAT. However, this does not translate into increased energy expenditure, and TZDs are associated with weight gain. Partial PPARγ agonists, on the other hand, do not induce weight gain, but have not been shown to drive WAT browning. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of GQ-16 on BAT and on browning of WAT in obese mice. Methods Male Swiss mice with obesity and hyperglycemia induced by high fat diet were treated with vehicle, rosiglitazone (4 mg/kg/d) or the TZD-derived partial PPARγ agonist GQ-16 (40 mg/ kg/d) for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lipid profile were measured. WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots were excised for determination of adiposity, relative expression of Ucp-1, Cidea, Prdm16, Cd40 and Tmem26 by RT-qPCR, histological analysis, and UCP-1 protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry. Liver samples were also removed for histological analysis and determination of hepatic triglyceride content. Results GQ-16 treatment reduced high fat diet-induced weight gain in mice despite increasing energy intake. This was accompanied by reduced epididymal fat mass, reduced liver triglyceride content, morphological signs of increased BAT activity, increased expression of thermogenesis- related genes in interscapular BAT and epididymal WAT, and increased UCP-1 protein expression in interscapular BAT and in epididymal and inguinal WAT. Conclusion This study suggests for the first time that a partial PPARγ agonist may increase BAT activity and induce the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in visceral WAT. General Significance These findings suggest that PPARγ activity might be modulated by partial agonists to induce WAT browning and treat obesity

Trypsin inhibitor from tamarindus indica L. seeds reduces weight gain and food consumption and increases plasmatic cholecystokinin levels

OBJECTIVES: Seeds are excellent sources of proteinase inhibitors, some of which may have satietogenic and slimming actions. We evaluated the effect of a trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus indica L. seeds on weight gain, food consumption and cholecystokinin levels in Wistar rats. METHODS: A trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus was isolated using ammonium sulfate (30-60%) following precipitation with acetone and was further isolated with Trypsin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Analyses were conducted to assess the in vivo digestibility, food intake, body weight evolution and cholecystokinin levels in Wistar rats. Histological analyses of organs and biochemical analyses of sera were performed. RESULTS: The trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus reduced food consumption, thereby reducing weight gain. The in vivo true digestibility was not significantly different between the control and Tamarindus trypsin inhibitor-treated groups. The trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus did not cause alterations in biochemical parameters or liver, stomach, intestine or pancreas histology. Rats treated with the trypsin inhibitor showed significantly elevated cholecystokinin levels compared with animals receiving casein or water. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the isolated trypsin inhibitor from Tamarindus reduces weight gain by reducing food consumption, an effect that may be mediated by increased cholecystokinin. Thus, the potential use of this trypsin inhibitor in obesity prevention and/or treatment should be evaluated

Performance, carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of Texel ? Santa In?s lambs fed fat sources and monensin

Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Performance, carcass, non-carcass and commercial cuts and components of Texel ? Santa In?s crossbred lambs, managed in confinement and fed diets based on soybean oil, soybeans and a conventional diet, with or without the use of monensin (78 ppm dry matter basis) were evaluated. Thirty-six Texel ? Santa In?s lambs (18 males and 18 females) were managed in intensive systems. Animals were slaughtered after 87 days of confinement, and performance, carcass characteristics, weight and percentages of carcass and non-carcass components were evaluated. The animals fed the control diet had heavier carcass and parts than animals fed soybean, while the oil diet did not differ from the controls in most parameters. The animals fed soybean showed lower intake kg dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and metabolizable energy (ME) compared with animals fed the control diet, increased ether extract (EE) intake in kg, % body weight (BW) and metabolic weight (MW) and did not differ from the soybean oil diet. Animals receiving monensin had lower DM intake, OM, CP, EE, NDF, gross energy (GE) regardless of the expression, % kg BW, or % PM, than the animals that did not receive the additive. Males produced better and had heavier cuts than the females; the latter deposited subcutaneous fat earlier. Animals that received oil or soybean showed greater body weight and small intestine percentage. Soybean oil intake did not improve performance, carcass weights or parts of Santa Ines ? Texel lambs in confinement. Soybeans at 15% dry matter reduced energy intake and lamb performance. The use of monensin at 78 ppm on a dry matter basis is not recommended for lambs in confinement, especially if associated with oil or soybeans that may harm animal performance

Avaliação dos fatores determinantes à perda dentária em usuários de um posto de saúde em Teresina, Piauí / Evaluation of the determinants of tooth loss in users of a health center in Teresina, Piauí

Introdução: A perda dentária é considerada um problema de saúde pública que gera impactos negativos na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores determinantes da perda dentária em usuários de um posto de saúde em Teresina - Piauí. Método: Foram entrevistados 384 usuários, de ambos os gêneros, com faixa etária de 15 a 60 anos de idade, através de um questionário. A amostra foi constituída por pessoas que haviam perdido pelo menos um elemento dentário. Resultados: Segundo o grau de escolaridade, predominaram os usuários com nível fundamental incompleto (47,92%), a faixa salarial mais prevalente foi entre 1 e 3 salários mínimos (68,23%) e aqueles que ganham menos de 1 salário mínimo (21,61%). Perguntou-se sobre a função dos dentes, a maioria (88,81%) respondeu triturar, mastigar, comer e morder alimentos. Em relação à forma de higienização bucal, 99,48% responderam que utilizavam escova e dentifrício, 45,31% responderam que utilizavam o fio dental, 69,53 % relataram uso de soluções para enxágue bucal e 60,16% responderam que utilizam o palito. Conclusão: Predomínio de usuários com nível fundamental incompleto e renda familiar de 1 a 3 salários mínimos. Percebe-se a necessidade de incentivo para propostas de promoção e autocuidado em saúde bucal