Smart design of functional fermented dairy foods

Smart design of functional fermented dairy foods . STLOpenday

Fermented milks, using Lactobacillus casei or Propionibacterium freudenreichii, prevent mucositis, a side effect of chemotherapy, in mice

Introduction and ObjectivesMucositis, a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy, is a clinically important gastrointestinal inflammatory disease. It consists in a painful inflammation and ulceration of the digestive mucosa, which may compromise proper nutrition of the patient, as well as termination of the treatment. It thus increases mortality and morbidity and contributes to rising health care costs. Its treatment is mainly supportive and often fails to relieve symptoms. Probiotic bacteria may maintain homeostasis and reduce side effects of chemotherapy [1]. A major limit to probiotic bacteria anti-inflammatory effect is their susceptibility to digestive stresses and several studies indicate the key protective role of food matrices in increasing probiotics’ effect via the protection of bacteria against digestive constraints. In this study, we investigated the role of fermented milk, using the immunomodulatory Lactobacillus casei BL23 [2] or Propionibacterium freudenreichii CB129 [3, 4] as a probiotic starter, and of its fortification via addition of whey proteins.Materials and methodsWe evaluated the role of whey protein isolate (WPI), when added to skim milk fermented by L. casei BL23 or by P. freudenreichii 138, as a protective matrix against in vitro stress challenges. In addition, we investigated in vivo the therapeutic effect of these fermented beverages in a murine model of mucositis induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The monitored outcomes included weight loss, ileum histopathological score, villus height, crypt depth and number of mucus-producing goblet cells.ResultsThis study demonstrated that milk supplementation with 30% (w/v) of WPI increases the survival rate of both strains when challenged with acid or bile salts, compared to fermented skim milk without the addition of WPI. Moreover, treatment with the probiotic beverages prevented weight loss and intestinal damages in mice receiving 5-FU. All symptoms of mucositis were drastically reduced by the consumption of developed probiotic fermented milks [5].ConclusionThis study evidenced the protective effect of selected strains of both lactic and propionic acid bacteria, in the context of induced mucositis. It confirmed that selected strains might be used both as starter and probiotic. It opens new avenues for the development of fermented functional foods for target populations

Driving dairy powders functionality through innovative process

Driving dairy powders functionality through innovative process. STLOpenday

les propionibactéries laitières, des bactéries particulières.

les propionibactéries laitières, des bactéries particulières.. Invitation INRA TOXALI

Viandes rouges, charcuteries et cancer du côlon:Rôle central du couple fer héminique/peroxydation lipidique.Vers une prévention par le calcium et les probiotiques des produits laitiers?

Viandes rouges, charcuteries et cancer du côlon:Rôle central du couple fer héminique/peroxydation lipidique.Vers une prévention par le calcium et les probiotiques des produits laitiers?. invitation CNIE

Therapeutic DNA Vaccines: The Final Step for Success

Therapeutic DNA vaccines are mostly plasmidic constructs containing a strong promoter that allows in situ transcription and translation of one or many encoded proteins/antigens to induce protective cellular and humoral immune responses against different pathogenic organisms [1–5]. Currently, at least 114 open clinical studies are recruiting patients for distinct clinical phases using a DNAvaccine approach

The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): illuminating the functional diversity of eukaryotic life in the oceans through transcriptome sequencing

International audienceCurrent sampling of genomic sequence data from eukaryotes is relatively poor, biased, and inadequate to address important questions about their biology, evolution, and ecology; this Community Page describes a resource of 700 transcriptomes from marine microbial eukaryotes to help understand their role in the world's oceans

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply?

Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov’s methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov’s original analysis strategy, the valence–dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence–dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution.C.L. was supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF VRG13-007); L.M.D. was supported by ERC 647910 (KINSHIP); D.I.B. and N.I. received funding from CONICET, Argentina; L.K., F.K. and Á. Putz were supported by the European Social Fund (EFOP-3.6.1.-16-2016-00004; ‘Comprehensive Development for Implementing Smart Specialization Strategies at the University of Pécs’). K.U. and E. Vergauwe were supported by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (PZ00P1_154911 to E. Vergauwe). T.G. is supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). M.A.V. was supported by grants 2016-T1/SOC-1395 (Comunidad de Madrid) and PSI2017-85159-P (AEI/FEDER UE). K.B. was supported by a grant from the National Science Centre, Poland (number 2015/19/D/HS6/00641). J. Bonick and J.W.L. were supported by the Joep Lange Institute. G.B. was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-17-0418). H.I.J. and E.S. were supported by a French National Research Agency ‘Investissements d’Avenir’ programme grant (ANR-15-IDEX-02). T.D.G. was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. The Raipur Group is thankful to: (1) the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India for the research grants received through its SAP-DRS (Phase-III) scheme sanctioned to the School of Studies in Life Science; and (2) the Center for Translational Chronobiology at the School of Studies in Life Science, PRSU, Raipur, India for providing logistical support. K. Ask was supported by a small grant from the Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg. Y.Q. was supported by grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5184035) and CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology. N.A.C. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (R010138018). We acknowledge the following research assistants: J. Muriithi and J. Ngugi (United States International University Africa); E. Adamo, D. Cafaro, V. Ciambrone, F. Dolce and E. Tolomeo (Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro); E. De Stefano (University of Padova); S. A. Escobar Abadia (University of Lincoln); L. E. Grimstad (Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)); L. C. Zamora (Franklin and Marshall College); R. E. Liang and R. C. Lo (Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman); A. Short and L. Allen (Massey University, New Zealand), A. Ateş, E. Güneş and S. Can Özdemir (Boğaziçi University); I. Pedersen and T. Roos (Åbo Akademi University); N. Paetz (Escuela de Comunicación Mónica Herrera); J. Green (University of Gothenburg); M. Krainz (University of Vienna, Austria); and B. Todorova (University of Vienna, Austria). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.https://www.nature.com/nathumbehav/am2023BiochemistryGeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Combining selected immunomodulatory Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Lactobacillus delbrueckii strains: development of an anti-inflammatory cheese.

Scope. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitute a growing public health concern in western countries. Bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties are lacking in the dysbiosis accompanying IBD. Selected strains of probiotic bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties accordingly alleviate symptoms and enhance treatment of ulcerative colitis in clinical trials. Such properties are also found in selected strains of dairy starters such as Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. We thus investigated the possibility to develop a fermented dairy product, combining both starter and probiotic abilities of both lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria, designed to extend remissions in IBD patients.Methods and results. We developed a two-strain P. freudenreichii and L. delbrueckii-fermented experimental pressed cheese using strains previously selected for their anti-inflammatory properties. Consumption of this experimental fermented dairy product protected mice against TNBS-induced colitis, alleviating severity of symptoms, modulating local and systemic inflammation, as well as colonic oxidative stress and epithelial cell damages. As a control, the corresponding sterile dairy matrix failed to afford such protection.Conclusion. This work reveals the probiotic potential of this bacterial mixture, in the context of fermented dairy products. It opens new perspectives for the reverse engineering development of anti-inflammatory fermented foods designed for target populations with IBD, and has provided evidences leading to an ongoing pilot clinical study in ulcerative colitis patients