Studi Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Minihidro Berbantuan Program Turbnpro di Desa Sinar Pekayau Kecamatan Sepauk Kabupaten Sintang

Provinsi Kalimantan Barat sangat luas dan banyak desa-desa yang belum teraliri listrik. Sumber energi yang digunakan untuk membangkitkan listrik hingga saat ini masih didominasi oleh bahan bakar fosil. Minihidro merupakan sumber energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan yang memiliki potensi untuk menggantikan bahan bakar fosil dan potensinya banyak terdapat di daerah Kalimantan Barat. Skripsi ini membahas tentang perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Minihidro(PLTM) yang berlokasi di Desa Sinar Pekayau Kecamatan Sepauk Kabupaten Sintang. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan mengumpulkan data langsung dari lapangan yang berupa pengukuran langsung kemudian menggunakan bantuan program Google Earth untuk menentukan lokasi pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro. Selanjutnya mengolah data dan melakukan simulasi dengan menggunakan piranti lunak TURBNPRO Version 3.2 serta melakukan analisis dan memberikan desain turbin hasil simulasi.Dari hasil data di lapangan dilakukan pengukuran sebanyak 2 kali pengukuran dengan mengacu berdasarkan pada rata-rata curah hujan pertahun sebagai data sekunder atau data penguat untuk menghasilkan debit. Pada perencanaan desain PLTM data diambil dari nilai debit terendah yaitu pada pengukuran 1 dengan debit sebesar 0,8983 m3/det dan head efektif sebesar 37,5m. Dengan piranti lunak TURBNPRO menunjukkan bahwa debit air Sinar Pekayau mampu menghasilkan daya mekanik sebesar 303 kW dan desain turbin yang dipilih pada pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro Sinar Pekayau adalah turbin Propeller. Sedangkan daya listrik yang dapat dihasilkan generator sebesar 353,75 kVA sehingga generator yang dipilih adalah rating daya sebesar 385 kVA(3 fasa) dengan cara pemasangan kopel langsung

A wandering spleen presenting as a pelvic mass: case report and review of the literature

Wandering spleens are rare clinical entities found more commonly in females. We report a young female patient found to harbour a pelvic spleen. The literature regarding this rare ectopia is reviewed. The wandering spleen should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses

The Effectiveness of Prenatal Intervention on Pain and Anxiety during the Process of Childbirth‑Northern Iran: Clinical Trial Study

Background: Due to the painful nature of childbirth and its maternal and neonatal complications, the woman needs support in this phase of their life. Increased knowledge and skills during pregnancy prepares pregnant mothers for labor and leads to promoted health. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of “prenatal education” on the process of childbirth. Subjects and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 195 pregnant women, that is, control group (N = 132) and case group (N = 63) attending health centers in Amol‑Iran from 20 weeks of gestation age during 2012. Case group members attended in “prenatal education” class and the control group only received routine care. Data were collected through demographic questionnaire, standard hospital anxiety questionnaire, and a checklist related to childbirth information, and intensity of pain based on visual analogue scale and McGill scales. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software using t‑test and Chi‑square test. Results: The result of this study showed that the parent with a high level of education was more interested to participant in prenatal classes. The anxiety level in case group (who received education) was 14.47 (4.69) and in control group it was 16 (4.86), (P < 0.001) the pain intensity in case group was 85.68 (1.85) and in control group was 90.99 (14.72) (P = 0.03), intervention on labor such episiotomy was 39 %66.1 (39/63) in case group and 80 %72.8 (80/132) in control group (P = 0.01) and cesarean section was 13 %17.1 (13/63) in case group and 58 %32.2 (58/132) in control group (P = 0.01). Conclusions: According to findings of this study, the prenatal education and psychological support are beneficial for mothers during pregnancy and labor. Therefore, it is recommended for educating all the pregnant women.Keywords: Delivery, Obstetric, Pregnancy training classes, Prenatal care, Prenatal educatio

TOPOLOGICAL 3D ELEVATION DATA INTERPOLATION OF ASTER GDEM BASED ON CONTINUOUS DEFORMATION

In Geographic Information Science, polynomial methods such as linear estimation and non-polynomial methods including Inverse Distance Weighting and Kriging have been used for elevation data interpolation. In this paper, 3D data interpolation using linear and non-linear homotopy continuation as well as advanced polynomial interpolation methods are researched. Continuous deformations that reconstruct straight lines or algebraic curves between any pair of 3D data are presented. The implemented topological mathematical algorithm for 3D elevation data interpolation is compared to Inverse Distance Weighting and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) methods. The presented linear and non-linear mathematical algorithms show better results compared to Inverse Distance Weighting and TIN in terms of Root Mean Square Error and L-infinity

Alternative Frictional Model for Discontinuous Shear Thickening of Dense Suspensions: Hydrodynamics

A consensus has emerged that a constraint to rotational or sliding motion of particles in dense suspensions under flow is the genesis of the discontinuous shear thickening (DST) phenomenon. We show that tangential fluid lubrication interactions due to finite-sized asperities on particle surfaces effectively provide these constraints, changing the dynamics of particle motion. By explicitly resolving for the surface roughness of particles, we show that, while smooth particles exhibit continuous shear thickening, purely hydrodynamic interactions in rough particles result in DST. In contrast to the frictional contact model, the hydrodynamic model predicts negative first and second normal stress differences for dense suspensions in the shear thickened state

Rheological State Diagrams for Rough Colloids in Shear Flow

To assess the role of particle roughness in the rheological phenomena of concentrated colloidal suspensions, we develop model colloids with varying surface roughness length scales up to 10% of the particle radius. Increasing surface roughness shifts the onset of both shear thickening and dilatancy towards lower volume fractions and critical stresses. Experimental data are supported by computer simulations of spherical colloids with adjustable friction coefficients, demonstrating that a reduction in the onset stress of thickening and a sign change in the first normal stresses occur when friction competes with lubrication. In the quasi-Newtonian flow regime, roughness increases the effective packing fraction of colloids. As the shear stress increases and suspensions of rough colloids approach jamming, the first normal stresses switch signs and the critical force required to generate contacts is drastically reduced. This is likely a signature of the lubrication films giving way to roughness-induced tangential interactions that bring about load-bearing contacts in the compression axis of flow.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award 1232937)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Award 1602183)United States. Army Research Office (Grant W911NF10-1-0518

Inhibitory Activity of Leaves Extracts of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. on HT29 Human Colon Cancer Cells

Aims: Citrullus colocynthis is a plant endemic in Asia, Africa and in the Mediterranean basin. It is used in folk medicine against infections, inflammations and cardiovascular and immune-related diseases. There are further evidences of the use of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad in the treatment of cancer in traditional practices. The present study aimed to determine the potential antiproliferative effects of different Citrullus colocynthis leaf extracts on human cancer cells. Methodology: Antiproliferative and antioxidant effects on HT-29 human colon cancer cells were detected by MTS assay and a modified protocol of the alkaline Comet assay. In vitro antioxidant activities of different leaf extracts were evaluated through DPPH, \u3b2-carotene/linoleic acid and reducing power assays. Results: The leaf chloroform extract exhibited the higher cell growth inhibitory activity without induction of DNA damage; it showed to be able to significantly decrease DNA damage induced by H2O2 (100 M). This antioxidant activity seems to be comparable to that of vitamin C (1 mM). Ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol leaf extracts showed to be the most effective in reducing the stable free DPPH radical (IC50 =113 g/ml), in transforming the Fe3+ to Fe2+ (IC50 = 134 \ub5g/ml) and in inducing linoleic acid oxidation with an inhibition of 31.9 %. Conclusion: Our results confirm the antiproliferative potential of Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. on human cancer cells

Future Smartphone: MIMO Antenna System for 5G Mobile Terminals

In this article, an inverted L-shaped monopole eight elements Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system is presented. The multi-antenna system is designed on a low cost 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate having dimensions of 136 x 68 mm(2) resonating at 3.5GHz with a 6dB measured bandwidth of 450MHz, and with inter element isolation greater than 15 dB and gain of 4 dBi. The proposed design consists of eight inverted L-shaped elements and parasitic L-shaped strips extending from the ground plane. These shorted stripes acted as tuning stubs for the four inverted L-shaped monopole elements on the side of chassis. This is done to achieve the desired frequency range by increasing the electrical length of the antennas. A prototype is fabricated, and the experimental results show good impedance matching with reasonable measured isolation within the desired frequency range. The MIMO performances, such as envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and mean effective gain (MEG) are also calculated along with the channel capacity of 38.1bps/Hz approximately 2.6 times that of 4 x 4 MIMO system. Due to its simple shape and slim design, it may be a potential chassis for future handsets. Therefore, user hand scenarios, i.e. both single and dual hand are studied. Also, the effects of hand scenarios on various MIMO parameters are discussed along with the SAR. The performance of the proposed system in different scenarios suggests that the proposed structure holds promising future within the next generation radio smart phones