The effects of magnetic fields in cold clouds in cooling flows

Large masses of absorbing material are inferred to exist in cooling flows in clusters of galaxies from the excess X-ray absorption in the spectra of some X-ray clusters. The absorbing material is probably in the form of cold clouds pressure-confined by the surrounding, hot, X-ray emitting gas. The cold clouds could remain relatively static until they are destroyed by evaporation or ablation, or give rise to star formation. If the final fate of the clouds is stars, the IMF of the stars formed over the whole cooling flow region ($r \sim 100$ kpc) should be biased to low masses, to avoid a very luminous, blue halo for the central galaxy of the cooling flow. However, there is evidence for bright star formation in the innermost (r < 10 kpc) regions of some cooling flows, and, therefore, the biasing of the IMF towards low masses should not occur or be less important at smaller radii. The consideration of magnetic fields may shed light on these two points. If magnetic fields are present, the magnetic critical mass should be considered, besides the Jeans mass, in establishing a natural mass scale for star formation. When this new mass scale is taken into account, we obtain the right variation of the biasing of the IMF with the radius in addition to inhibition of high-mass star formation at large radii. We also demonstrate that magnetic reconnection is a efficient than ambipolar diffusion in removing magnetic fields in cold clouds.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRA

Science (teaching) is not neutral. Which side do we choose to support?

Science teaching is not neutral, from the social point of view. It can strengthen present civilization crisis. Or not. What is our choice? But, do we indeed have a choice? The way science teaching research has been conducted seems to indicate that most of it serves to maintain everything the way it is - with all privileges, intolerances and exclusions included. In this work we bring about this discussion emphasizing the perspective of the sociology of science. We argue that without a major change of focus in that research area towards the inclusion of a sociological approach in teacher formation and their daily life in science classes, science teaching may be hold co-responsible for intensifying the problems our world is presently facing

Studio sperimentale del flusso di ricircolo e del rumore in un ventilatore assiale

Il presente lavoro di tesi \ue8 incentrato sullo studio del flusso di ricircolo attraverso il gioco d\u2019apice di ventilatori assiali per sistemi di raffreddamento automobilistici. Questo disturbo aerodinamico si comporta come un meccanismo di generazione di rumore con effetti molto significativi e, spesso, rappresenta la pi\uf9 importante sorgente di rumore alle basse frequenze, in grado di fornire contributi di natura sia tonale che a banda larga nello spettro di SPL. Nell\u2019elaborato vengono presentati i risultati di misure acustiche (con microfono singolo) ed aerodinamiche con tecniche Laser Doppler Velocimetry (misure lungo traverse radiali) e Particle Image Velocimetry (misure sul piano meridiano). La campagna sperimentale \ue8 stata condotta a differenti condizioni di funzionamento e differenti velocit\ue0 di rotazione; i dati acquisiti sono stati elaborati con la tecnica di media di insieme in fase con la posizione del rotore, che ha consentito di estrarre le componenti del segnale con frequenza fondamentale pari alla frequenza di rotazione. A differenza di quanto poteva essere atteso, in certi casi \ue8 stata rilevata una particolare dipendenza del flusso e del rumore generato dalla velocit\ue0 di rotazione che evidenzia uno scostamento dalla similitudine. Ci\uf2 \ue8 causato dal fatto che le piccole deformazioni del rotore, dell\u2019ordine di pochi millimetri e dovute al carico palare ed alla forza centrifuga, sono sufficienti a modificare il flusso in uscita dal gioco, che tende a divenire centrifugo invece che rivolto assialmente verso monte. Si tratta quindi di un fenomeno molto complesso e fortemente sensibile anche a piccoli dettagli geometrici. Dato che il flusso di ricircolo \ue8 instazionario ma non \ue8 periodico alla frequenza di rotazione, non \ue8 stato possibile estrarne la struttura temporale tramite la media in fase. Per\uf2, \ue8 stato possibile ricavare informazioni sulla sua struttura istantanea dalle misure PIV mediante l\u2019impiego della tecnica della decomposizione ortogonale propria. In particolare, si nota una coerenza fra la transizione degli spettri del SPL e la natura e la disposizione spaziale delle strutture vorticose individuate.An experimental study of the tip gap flow and related noise in an axial flpw fa

Ten Years Of Latin-American Journal Of Astronomy Education RELEA: Achievements And Challenges For International Astronomy Education Development

This study reviews 10 years of Latin-American Journal of Astronomy Education (RELEA), showing that the journal has become a valuable resource for publishing and highlights its pathway as scholarly journal. Furthermore, it is also a call to astronomy education specialists to consolidate their efforts considering similar journals worldwide. Publishing policies of the RELEA and their context are presented in relation to submission, refereeing and publication. The 75 articles published in 18 editions are analyzed and classified. The results showed an acceptance rate of 60.2%; an average of 7.5 articles per year/4.2 per issue. RELEA´s authors are mostly based in Brazil (81.3%); articles target chiefly a school level (university education: 28.0%, high school: 28.0%); their main study focus is learning and teaching (34.7%) and general astronomy content (33.3%). Our results show that compared to other Brazilian journals of education, RELEA had twice as much astronomy articles. In the international scene there has been about a half of astronomy education research, but twice of astronomy in science education research. The challenges related to improve the article submission are discussed: how to increase their number, the submission of Latin American countries, and how to bring in the issues and subjects not addressed until now. It is also encouraged graduate studies, new lines of research in astronomy education, and advertising the journal in universities and schools for professors and teachers. Finally, future possibilities are mentioned given the International Astronomical Union’s development programs

Modelagem fuzzy para dinamica de transferencia de soropositivos para HIV em doença plenamente manifesta

Orientadores: Fernando Gomide, Laercio Carvalho de Barros, Rodney Carlos BassaneziTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoDoutorad

A dosimetria da pena de multa no processo penal : uma análise crítica da doutrina e da jurisprudência

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2017.O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, pela perspectiva doutrinária e jurisprudencial, a pena de multa no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e os modelos utilizados para a fixação da quantidade de dias-multa em uma decisão penal condenatória. Para tanto, foram elencados e descritos os modelos econômico, trifásico e unifásico, e, a seguir, uma análise dos argumentos doutrinários acerca de cada um deles. Em seguida, foram examinados alguns precedentes de Tribunais Estaduais e Superiores que os utilizam em suas condenações penais. Por fim, foi feita uma análise crítica dos três modelos, considerando os argumentos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais, para definir qual seria o mais razoável, além de indicar propostas para que seja mais adequado à realidade brasileira.The present study aims to analyze, through a doctrinal and jurisprudential perspective, the penalty of fine in the Brazilian legal system and the models used to determine the number of day-fines in a criminal conviction. For this purpose, the economic, three-phase and single-phase models were listed and described, and then an analysis of the doctrinal arguments about each one was made. Afterwards, some cases from State and Superior Courts that used those models in their criminal convictions were examined. Finally, a critical analysis of the three models was made, considering the doctrinal and jurisprudential arguments, to define which would be the most reasonable, besides indicating more appropriate proposals to the Brazilian reality

Methodology to determine the evolution of asymptomatic HIV population using fuzzy set theory

The aim of this paper is to o study the evolution of positive HIV population for manifestation of AIDS, the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. For this purpose, we suggest a methodology to combine a macroscopic HIV positive population model with an individual microscopic model. The first describes the evolution of the population whereas the second the evolution of HIV in each individual of the population. This methodology is suggested by the way that experts use to conduct public policies, namely, to act at the individual level to observe and verify the manifest population. The population model we address is a differential equation system whose transference rate from asymptomatic to symptomatic population is found through a fuzzy rule-based system. The transference rate depends on the CD4+ level, the main T lymphocyte attacked by the HIV retrovirus when it reaches the bloodstream. The microscopic model for a characteristic individual in a population is used to obtain the CD4+ level at each time instant. From the CD4+ level, its fuzzy initial value, and the macroscopic population model, we compute the fuzzy values of the proportion of asymptomatic population at each time instant t using the extension principle. Next, centroid defuzzification is used to obtain a solution that represents the number of infected individuals. This approach provides a method to find a solution of a non-autonomous differential equation from an autonomous equation, a fuzzy initial value, the extension principle, and center of gravity defuzzification. Simulation experiments show that the solution given by the method suggested in this paper fits well to AIDS population data reported in the literature.The aim of this paper is to o study the evolution of positive HIV population for manifestation of AIDS, the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. For this purpose, we suggest a methodology to combine a macroscopic HIV positive population model with an indiv1313958CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOSEM INFORMAÇÃO304299/2003-

TRABALHO MULTIPROFISSIONAL E INTEGRALIDADE DO CUIDADO NA PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DO CAPS

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a percepção dos profissionais dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de São Paulo/SP da importância do trabalho multiprofissional em saúde mental para os usuários dos serviços e as relações possíveis com a integralidade do cuidado. Com as reformas sanitária e psiquiátrica, a integralidade passou a ser um princípio fundamental das ações de saúde, conceito que vem sendo entendido a partir de diversas influências. Foram entrevistados 27 profissionais de nível superior e utilizado o referencial metodológico da análise de conteúdo. Os participantes não apresentaram clareza sobre a noção de integralidade do cuidado, valorizando a integralidade e o trabalho de integração disciplinar de forma concomitante a ações tutelares e não favorecedoras de autonomia. Tal fato se deve ao pouco conhecimento teórico do tema sobre a integralidade e a prática ainda persistente centrada na falta de autonomia e ausência de contratualidade na relação profissional e usuário. A efetivação da integralidade do cuidado é aspecto fundamental na compreensão dos usuários de saúde mental como sujeitos de direitos, importante desafio à reforma psiquiátrica brasileira.