ASAP: Accurate semantic segmentation for real time performance

Feature fusion modules from encoder and self-attention module have been adopted in semantic segmentation. However, the computation of these modules is costly and has operational limitations in real-time environments. In addition, segmentation performance is limited in autonomous driving environments with a lot of contextual information perpendicular to the road surface, such as people, buildings, and general objects. In this paper, we propose an efficient feature fusion method, Feature Fusion with Different Norms (FFDN) that utilizes rich global context of multi-level scale and vertical pooling module before self-attention that preserves most contextual information while reducing the complexity of global context encoding in the vertical direction. By doing this, we could handle the properties of representation in global space and reduce additional computational cost. In addition, we analyze low performance in challenging cases including small and vertically featured objects. We achieve the mean Interaction of-union(mIoU) of 73.1 and the Frame Per Second(FPS) of 191, which are comparable results with state-of-the-arts on Cityscapes test datasets.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Numerical study on sequential period-doubling bifurcations of graphene wrinkles on a soft substrate

A compressed stiff film on a soft substrate may exhibit wrinkles and, under increased compressive strain, post-buckling instabilities as well. We numerically analyze wrinkling behaviors of graphene attached on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate under lateral compression. The finite element method is used to simulate the equilibrium shape of the wrinkles as a function of compressive strain. Two-dimensional stretching and bending properties of graphene are obtained by density functional theory analysis, which are then converted to equivalent elastic properties of a continuum film with finite effective thickness. The PDMS is described using an Ogden or a neo-Hookean material model. Wrinkles first appear at extremely small strain. As the lateral compression increases, due to the nonlinear elasticity of the PDMS, sequential period-doubling bifurcations of the wrinkle mode are activated until the bifurcation stops and the film folds. We show that the bifurcations are consequences of a delicate balance between the deformations of the film and the substrate to minimize the total energy.J.H.J., J.B., and J.I. were supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea through the MSIP Grant no. 2006-0093853 and the Korea Institute of Science and Technology. M.-W.M. was supported by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), and K.-S.K. by the Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation (IMNI) at Brown University (GR260000.1001) and KIST (529243). Computations were performed through the support from the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information

Study on the Changes in Enzyme and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Concentrations in Blood Serum and Growth Characteristics of Velvet Antler during the Antler Growth Period in Sika Deer ()

This study was conducted to investigate changes in blood enzyme parameters and to evaluate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), antler growth and body weight during the antler growth of sika deer (Cervus nippon). Serum enzyme activity and IGF-1 concentrations were measured in blood samples collected from the jugular and femoral veins at regular intervals during the antler growth period. Blood samples were taken in the morning from fasted stags (n = 12) which were healthy and showed no clinical signs of disease. Alfalfa was available ad libitum and concentrates were given at 1% of body weight to all stags. The experimental diet was provided at 9 am with water available at all times. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during antler growth, but alkaline phosphatase concentrations increased with antler growth progression, and the highest alkaline phosphatase concentration was obtained 55 days after antler casting. Serum IGF-1 concentrations measured from blood samples taken from the jugular vein during antler growth, determined that levels of IGF-1 was associated with body weight and antler growth patterns. Serum IGF-1 concentrations were higher at the antler cutting date than other sampling dates. Antler length increased significantly during antler growth (p<0.001), and there was a similar trend to between right and left beams. Body weight increased with antler growth but was not significant. Consequently it appeared that serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was related to antler growth and both antler growth and body weight were associated positively with IGF-1 concentrations during antler growth

Proceedings of the 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering

This publication is the Proceedings of the 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering from July 6-8, 2022. The EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering brings together international experts working on the interface between advanced computing and modern engineering challenges. Many engineering tasks require open-world resolution of challenges such as supporting multi-actor collaboration, coping with approximate models, providing effective engineer-computer interaction, search in multi-dimensional solution spaces, accommodating uncertainty, including specialist domain knowledge, performing sensor-data interpretation and dealing with incomplete knowledge. While results from computer science provide much initial support for resolution, adaptation is unavoidable and most importantly, feedback from addressing engineering challenges drives fundamental computer-science research. Competence and knowledge transfer goes both ways. &nbsp

Proceedings of the 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering

This publication is the Proceedings of the 29th EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering from July 6-8, 2022. The EG-ICE International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering brings together international experts working on the interface between advanced computing and modern engineering challenges. Many engineering tasks require open-world resolution of challenges such as supporting multi-actor collaboration, coping with approximate models, providing effective engineer-computer interaction, search in multi-dimensional solution spaces, accommodating uncertainty, including specialist domain knowledge, performing sensor-data interpretation and dealing with incomplete knowledge. While results from computer science provide much initial support for resolution, adaptation is unavoidable and most importantly, feedback from addressing engineering challenges drives fundamental computer-science research. Competence and knowledge transfer goes both ways. &nbsp

25th annual computational neuroscience meeting: CNS-2016

The same neuron may play different functional roles in the neural circuits to which it belongs. For example, neurons in the Tritonia pedal ganglia may participate in variable phases of the swim motor rhythms [1]. While such neuronal functional variability is likely to play a major role the delivery of the functionality of neural systems, it is difficult to study it in most nervous systems. We work on the pyloric rhythm network of the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) [2]. Typically network models of the STG treat neurons of the same functional type as a single model neuron (e.g. PD neurons), assuming the same conductance parameters for these neurons and implying their synchronous firing [3, 4]. However, simultaneous recording of PD neurons shows differences between the timings of spikes of these neurons. This may indicate functional variability of these neurons. Here we modelled separately the two PD neurons of the STG in a multi-neuron model of the pyloric network. Our neuron models comply with known correlations between conductance parameters of ionic currents. Our results reproduce the experimental finding of increasing spike time distance between spikes originating from the two model PD neurons during their synchronised burst phase. The PD neuron with the larger calcium conductance generates its spikes before the other PD neuron. Larger potassium conductance values in the follower neuron imply longer delays between spikes, see Fig. 17.Neuromodulators change the conductance parameters of neurons and maintain the ratios of these parameters [5]. Our results show that such changes may shift the individual contribution of two PD neurons to the PD-phase of the pyloric rhythm altering their functionality within this rhythm. Our work paves the way towards an accessible experimental and computational framework for the analysis of the mechanisms and impact of functional variability of neurons within the neural circuits to which they belong

Modifications of poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels for applications in tissue engineering and therapeutic angiogenesis

In response to the rising demand for engineered tissues and organs, there have been great research interests to fabricate functional tissues in laboratories, and such products may revolutionize the current approaches for medicine and healthcare. However, to achieve this daunting task of mimicking functionality and complexity of native tissues, scaffolds have to be sufficiently vascularized with precise controls so that the resident cells can be perfused with oxygen and nutrients. The materials designed and cell culture techniques developed in this thesis demonstrate their capabilities to support endothelial cell (EC) culture and EC morphogenesis into capillary-like structures. Synthetic poly(ethylene-glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels are biomimetic scaffolds that can be specifically engineered with bioactive factors to allow favorable cell-matrix interactions. In this thesis, PEGDA hydrogel were fabricated with the Eph and ephrin family of proteins, and their angiogenic effects were assessed with human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Ephrin-A1 immobilized on hydrogels promoted HUVEC adhesion and spreading in a dose-dependent manner, while EphB4 and ephrin-B2 stimulated them in a bi-phasic manner. EC adhesion and repulsion induced by either ephrin-A1, EphB4, or ephrin-B2 were found to be mediated by alphavbeta3 integrin. In particular, HUVECs cultured on the hydrogels with ephrin-A1 formed long tubular structures with patent lumens. This thesis introduces a photolithographic micropatterning technique to dictate local distribution of cell adhesive ligand, RGDS, in order to guide endothelial tubule formation. On these RGDS stripes, HUVECs reorganized their cell bodies into cord-like structures, and this angiogenic response was tightly controlled by the density and width of RGDS stripes, demonstrating the ability to guide angiogenesis by materials design. This thesis also reports development of collagenase-sensitive PEG hydrogels and their subsequent use to culture HUVECs and 10T1/2 cells, precursors to mural cell types, in 3D network of hydrogels. Whereas tubule-like structures formed in HUVEC monoculture conditions regressed rapidly, those formed in co-culture conditions with 10T1/2 cells were more elongated and stable. Furthermore, an optimal hydrogel formulation that maximized angiogenic responses in 3D was found and presented. The studies presented in this thesis demonstrate that endothelial angiogenesis can be promoted and regulated in synthetic, biomimetic scaffold materials by rational materials design

A Robot System Maintained with Small Scale Distributed Energy Sources

An energy autonomy system is sustained by energy from independent and distributed sources. This paper presents a robot system that obtains energy from renewable energy sources distributed over a large area with limited storage capacity. We constructed a linearized charge model to estimate the required energy node capacity and distribution for the robot to survive. For a robot to obtain energy from an energy source, it must be able to recognize the energy node and able to receive energy reliably. We used wireless power transfer to solve conventional contact charging problems, such as mechanical complexity and unstable contact, and image information was used to recognize the energy nodes and align the transmission coils accurately. A small scale renewable energy source was constructed and a charge experiment was conducted to verify the proposed autonomy system feasibility

반 데르 발스 이종 구조의 웨이퍼 규모 직성장

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A Study On Reliable High-Speed HBC Enhanced by ECC for Wearable Neural Interfaces

© 2022 IEEE.This work reports the first quantitative study about reliable high-speed human body communication (HBC) enhanced by error correction code (ECC) for wearable neural interfaces. For the first time, Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocqunghem (BCH) code was applied to the measured raw data of an HBC transceiver (TRX) that operated at about 100 Mb/s or faster to quantitatively assess the reliability improvement and the additional power and area cost associated with the BCH code. In our assessments, the (136, 128, 1) BCH code very efficiently improved the reliability of the HBC as it improved the eye height by up to about 95 % at costs of only 5-7% additional power and 46% additional silicon area. With slightly more power consumption up to 21% and 90% chip area, the (160, 128, 4) BCH code greatly improved the reliability of the HBC as it increased the eye height by up to 200%.1