197 research outputs found

    On-Line Stability Detectors for Sequential Circuit Elements

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    I conducted this study of on-line stability detectors to learn more about stability checking in VLSI circuitry and how I varied the conditions in order to try to find trends on how well the stability detectors work each set of conditions. I varied the clock speed, temperature, transistor feature size, and sizing of the transistors in both Franco’s Stability Checker and Yada’s MSC Cell from papers [3] and [5] respectively. I found that the sizing has the greatest impact on both test stability detectors and that both stability detectors can work under a variety of conditions with little to no loss in functionality. I did notice, however, that in general lower temperatures and smaller feature sizes produce better performance under most conditions. For Franco’s detector, a smaller error pullup transistor results in better error detection while a larger pullup transistor allows for better setup times. For the MSC Cell, smaller transistors resulted in better performance

    Administrative Law

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    Understanding the connection between attachment trauma and maternal self-efficacy in depressed mothers

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    Maternal self-efficacy predicts sensitive and responsive caregiving. Low maternal self-efficacy is associated with a higher incidence of postpartum depression. Maternal self-efficacy and postpartum depression can both be buffered by social support. Maternal self-efficacy and postpartum depression have both been linked independently, albeit in separate studies, to the experience of violent trauma, childhood maltreatment, and spousal abuse. This study proposed a model in which postpartum depression mediates the relation between attachment trauma and maternal self-efficacy, with emotional support as a moderator. Participants were 278 first-time mothers of infants under 14 months. Cross-sectional data were collected online. Mothers completed questionnaires on attachment trauma, maternal self-efficacy, postpartum depression, and emotional support. A moderated mediation model was tested in a structural equation modeling framework using Mplus’ estimate of indirect effects. Postpartum depression fully mediated the relation between trauma and maternal self-efficacy. Emotional support moderated only the pathway between postpartum depression and maternal self-efficacy. Attachment trauma's implications for maternal self-efficacy should be understood in the context of overall mental health. Mothers at the greatest risk for low maternal self-efficacy related to attachment trauma also are those suffering from postpartum depression. Emotional support buffered mothers from postpartum depression, though, which has implications for intervention and future research.This research was made possible by a Medical Humanities New Investigator Award from the Wellcome Trust (Grant WT103343MA)

    Coset Coding to Extend the Lifetime of Non-Volatile Memory

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    <p>Modern computing systems are increasingly integrating both Phase Change Memory (PCM) and Flash memory technologies into computer systems being developed today, yet the lifetime of these technologies is limited by the number of times cells are written. Due to their limited lifetime, PCM and Flash may wear-out before other parts of the system. The objective of this dissertation is to increase the lifetime of memory locations composed of either PCM or Flash cells using coset coding. </p><p>For PCM, we extend memory lifetime by using coset coding to reduce the number of bit-flips per write compared to un-coded writes. Flash program/erase operation cycle degrades page lifetime; we extend the lifetime of Flash memory cells by using coset coding to re-program a page multiple times without erasing. We then show how coset coding can be integrated into Flash solid state drives.</p><p>We ran simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of using coset coding to extend PCM and Flash lifetime. We simulated writes to PCM and found that in our simulations coset coding can be used to increase PCM lifetime by up to 3x over writing un-coded data directly to the memory location. We extended the lifetime of Flash using coset coding to re-write pages without an intervening erase and were able to re-write a single Flash page using coset coding more times than when writing un-coded data or using prior coding work for the same area overhead. We also found in our simulations that using coset coding in a Flash SSD results in higher lifetime for a given area overhead compared to un-coded writes.</p>Dissertatio

    Do toddlers prefer the primary caregiver or the parent with whom they feel more secure? The role of toddler emotion

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    This study tested Bowlby and Ainsworth’s hypothesis that a hierarchy of caregivers exists whereby infants prefer one caregiver over another when distressed. We examined parent gender (mother vs. father), primary caregiver status (defined as the parent who spent most time with the infant and performed most of the caregiving tasks), and role of toddlers’ history of attachment security with each parent, as predictors of toddlers’ preference for a particular caregiver when the toddlers are distressed and when they are content. Infants’ attachment security with each parent was assessed at 12–15 months. At 24 months, mother–child and father–child interactions were observed in triadic (mother, father, toddler) home interactions. When distressed, regardless of the security of their attachment to each parent, toddlers more often interacted with the primary caregiver. When content, toddlers did not show this preference. As expected, toddlers’ recovery from distress was predicted by their security of attachment with the parent whom they approached when distressed

    Disorganized Attachment in Infancy: A Review of the Phenomenon and Its Implications for Clinicians and Policy-Makers

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    Disorganized/Disoriented (D) attachment has seen widespread interest from policy makers, practitioners, and clinicians in recent years. However, some of this interest seems to have been based on some false assumptions that (1) attachment measures can be used as definitive assessments of the individual in forensic/child protection settings and that disorganized attachment (2) reliably indicates child maltreatment, (3) is a strong predictor of pathology, and (4) represents a fixed or static trait of the child, impervious to development or help. This paper summarizes the evidence showing that these four assumptions are false and misleading. The paper reviews what is known about disorganized infant attachment and clarifies the implications of the classification for clinical and welfare practice with children. In particular, the difference between disorganized attachment and attachment disorder is examined, and a strong case is made for the value of attachment theory for supportive work with families and for the development and evaluation of evidence-based caregiving interventions
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