1,366 research outputs found
Measurement of extremely low fluid permeabilities of rocks significant to studies of the origin of life Final report
Permeater for measuring low fluid permeabilities of rocks used to study origin of lif
The effects of stellar winds on the magnetospheres and potential habitability of exoplanets
Context: The principle definition of habitability for exoplanets is whether
they can sustain liquid water on their surfaces, i.e. that they orbit within
the habitable zone. However, the planet's magnetosphere should also be
considered, since without it, an exoplanet's atmosphere may be eroded away by
stellar winds. Aims: The aim of this paper is to investigate magnetospheric
protection of a planet from the effects of stellar winds from solar-mass stars.
Methods: We study hypothetical Earth-like exoplanets orbiting in the host
star's habitable zone for a sample of 124 solar-mass stars. These are targets
that have been observed by the Bcool collaboration. Using two wind models, we
calculate the magnetospheric extent of each exoplanet. These wind models are
computationally inexpensive and allow the community to quickly estimate the
magnetospheric size of magnetised Earth-analogues orbiting cool stars. Results:
Most of the simulated planets in our sample can maintain a magnetosphere of ~5
Earth radii or larger. This suggests that magnetised Earth analogues in the
habitable zones of solar analogues are able to protect their atmospheres and is
in contrast to planets around young active M dwarfs. In general, we find that
Earth-analogues around solar-type stars, of age 1.5 Gyr or older, can maintain
at least a Paleoarchean Earth sized magnetosphere. Our results indicate that
planets around 0.6 - 0.8 solar-mass stars on the low activity side of the
Vaughan-Preston gap are the optimum observing targets for habitable Earth
analogues.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysic
The solar wind in time – II. 3D stellar wind structure and radio emission
In this work, we simulate the evolution of the solar wind along its main-sequence lifetime and compute its thermal radio emission. To study the evolution of the solar wind, we use a sample of solar mass stars at different ages. All these stars have observationally reconstructed magnetic maps, which are incorporated in our 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of their winds. We show that angular-momentum loss and mass-loss rates decrease steadily on evolutionary time-scales, although they can vary in a magnetic cycle time-scale. Stellar winds are known to emit radiation in the form of thermal bremsstrahlung in the radio spectrum. To calculate the expected radio fluxes from these winds, we solve the radiative transfer equation numerically from first principles. We compute continuum spectra across the frequency range 100 MHz to 100 GHz and find maximum radio flux densities ranging from 0.05 to 2.2 μJy. At a frequency of 1 GHz and a normalized distance of d = 10 pc, the radio flux density follows 0.24 (Ω/Ω☉)0.9 (d/[10pc])-2μJy, where Ω is the rotation rate. This means that the best candidates for stellar wind observations in the radio regime are faster rotators within distances of 10 pc, such as κ1 Ceti (0.73 μJy) and χ1 Ori (2.2 μJy). These flux predictions provide a guide to observing solar-type stars across the frequency range 0.1-100 GHz in the future using the next generation of radio telescopes, such as ngVLA and Square Kilometre Array
Erratum: The solar wind in time II: 3D stellar wind structure and radio emission
This is an erratum to the paper ‘The solar wind in time - II: 3D stellar wind structure and radio emission’, which was published in MNRAS, 483(1), 873, 2019 (Ó Fionnagáin et al. 2019)
A new fireworm (Amphinomidae) from the Cretaceous of Lebanon identified from three-dimensionally preserved myoanatomy
© 2015 Parry et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to
the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver
(http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article
Koopman-von Neumann Formulation of Classical Yang-Mills Theories: I
In this paper we present the Koopman-von Neumann (KvN) formulation of
classical non-Abelian gauge field theories. In particular we shall explore the
functional (or classical path integral) counterpart of the KvN method. In the
quantum path integral quantization of Yang-Mills theories concepts like
gauge-fixing and Faddeev-Popov determinant appear in a quite natural way. We
will prove that these same objects are needed also in this classical path
integral formulation for Yang-Mills theories. We shall also explore the
classical path integral counterpart of the BFV formalism and build all the
associated universal and gauge charges. These last are quite different from the
analog quantum ones and we shall show the relation between the two. This paper
lays the foundation of this formalism which, due to the many auxiliary fields
present, is rather heavy. Applications to specific topics outlined in the paper
will appear in later publications.Comment: 46 pages, Late
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Immobilization of Technetium in a Metallic Waste Form
Fission-product technetium accumulated during treatment of spent nuclear fuel will ultimately be disposed of in a geological repository. The exact form of Tc for disposal has yet to be determined; however, a reasonable solution is to incorporate elemental Tc into a metallic waste form similar to the waste form produced during the pyrochemical treatment of spent, sodium-bonded fuel. This metal waste form, produced at the Idaho National Laboratory, has undergone extensive qualification examination and testing for acceptance to the Yucca Mountain geological repository. It is from this extensive qualification effort that the behavior of Tc and other fission products in the waste form has been elucidated, and that the metal waste form is extremely robust in the retention of fission products, such as Tc, in repository like conditions. This manuscript will describe the metal waste form, the behavior of Tc in the waste form; and current research aimed at determining the maximum possible loading of Tc into the metal waste and subsequent determination of the performance of high Tc loaded metal waste forms
Localized induction equation and pseudospherical surfaces
We describe a close connection between the localized induction equation
hierarchy of integrable evolution equations on space curves, and surfaces of
constant negative Gauss curvature.Comment: 21 pages, AMSTeX file. To appear in Journal of Physics A:
Mathematical and Genera
Local three-nucleon interaction from chiral effective field theory
The three-nucleon (NNN) interaction derived within the chiral effective field
theory at the next-to-next-to-leading order (N2LO) is regulated with a function
depending on the magnitude of the momentum transfer. The regulated NNN
interaction is then local in the coordinate space, which is advantages for some
many-body techniques. Matrix elements of the local chiral NNN interaction are
evaluated in a three-nucleon basis. Using the ab initio no-core shell model
(NCSM) the NNN matrix elements are employed in 3H and 4He bound-state
calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
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