17,582 research outputs found
Socio-economic Profiles of Nutrition Label Users
This paper aims to explore the socio-economic profiles of the nutrition label users and focuses on seven key nutrients: calories, calories from fat, total fat, trans fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and sodium. The data are from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 and Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-96. Similar conclusions are drawn from both data sets: those consumers who are older, better educated, higher income, female, and have higher nutrition knowledge will have higher probability to use nutrition labels; those consumers who are in larger size families and being either Hispanic or black have lower probability of using nutrition labels.Socio-economic, Profiles, Nutrition Label, Users, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Marketing,
Integral Basis Theorem of cyclotomic Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier Algebras of type A
The main purpose of this thesis is to prove that the cyclotomic Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras of type A over Z are free by giving a graded cellular basis of the cyclotomic KLR algebra. We then extend it to obtain a graded cellular basis of the affine KLR algebra, which indicates that the affine KLR algebra is an affine graded cellular algebra. Finally we work with the Jucys-Murphy elements of the cyclotomic Hecke algebras of type A and proved a periodic property of these elements
Inverse design of disordered stealthy hyperuniform spin chains
Positioned between crystalline solids and liquids, disordered many-particle
systems which are stealthy and hyperuniform represent new states of matter that
are endowed with novel physical and thermodynamic properties. Such stealthy and
hyperuniform states are unique in that they are transparent to radiation for a
range of wavenumbers around the origin. In this work, we employ recently
developed inverse statistical-mechanical methods, which seek to obtain the
optimal set of interactions that will spontaneously produce a targeted
structure or configuration as a unique ground state, to investigate the
spin-spin interaction potentials required to stabilize disordered stealthy
hyperuniform one-dimensional (1D) Ising-like spin chains. By performing an
exhaustive search over the spin configurations that can be enumerated on
periodic 1D integer lattices containing sites, we were able
to identify and structurally characterize \textit{all} stealthy hyperuniform
spin chains in this range of system sizes. Within this pool of stealthy
hyperuniform spin configurations, we then utilized such inverse optimization
techniques to demonstrate that stealthy hyperuniform spin chains can be
realized as either unique or degenerate disordered ground states of radial
long-ranged (relative to the spin chain length) spin-spin interactions. Such
exotic ground states are distinctly different from spin glasses in both their
inherent structural properties and the nature of the spin-spin interactions
required to stabilize them. As such, the implications and significance of the
existence of such disordered stealthy hyperuniform ground state spin systems
warrants further study, including whether their bulk physical properties and
excited states, like their many-particle system counterparts, are singularly
remarkable, and can be experimentally realized.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
Comment on "Atomic Scale Structure and Chemical Composition across Order-Disorder Interfaces"
Interfaces have long been known to be the key to many mechanical and electric
properties. To nickel base superalloys which have perfect creep and fatigue
properties and have been widely used as materials of turbine blades, interfaces
determine the strengthening capacities in high temperature. By means of high
resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM) and 3D atom probe
(3DAP) tomography, Srinivasan et al. proposed a new point that in nickel base
superalloys there exist two different interfacial widths across the
{\gamma}/{\gamma}' interface, one corresponding to an order-disorder
transition, and the other to the composition transition. We argue about this
conclusion in this comment
Scanning Electron Microscopic Observation of Dark Cells After Streptomycin Perfusion of the Vestibule in Guinea Pigs
Hearing has been stabilized in the majority of patients studied in the treatment of Meniere\u27s disease with streptomycin. This observation suggests that effects of streptomycin may ameliorate endolymphatic hydrops, possibly by attenuating the activity of secretory tissue. The purpose of this study is to observe the dark cells of the utricle in guinea pigs after streptomycin perfusion of the vestibule. Twelve pigmented guinea pigs weighing 250-350 grams were used in this study. The vestibules in five guinea pigs were perfused monolaterally with 150 μg of streptomycin in artificial perilymph and, in seven, the vestibules were perfused only with artificial perilymph as a control group.Specimens were processed for observation with a scanning electron microscope.
After streptomycin perfusion, the margin of the dark cells became indistinct. The luminal surface of the cells bulged out like a dome. The microvilli decreased or were absent, and some debris was deposited on the surface. In four of the five animals, the luminal membrane of the dark cell ruptured. The cytoplasm and organelle extruded into the endolymphatic space. After the cellular debris moved out into the endolymph, either a vanished cell or a nucleus in an empty nest was observed. These cells appeared damaged and destroyed.
The results indicate that the dark cells in the membranous wall of the utricle were affected by streptomycin. The results lead to the assumption that streptomycin may reduce the volume of endolymph by damaging the dark cells of the utricle
Evidence for individual discrimination and numerical assessment in collective antipredator behaviour in wild jackdaws (Corvus monedula)
This is the final version. Available on open access from the Royal Society via the DOI in this recordData accessibility:
Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.006bn4kCollective responses to threats occur throughout the animal kingdom but little is known about the cognitive processes underpinning them. Antipredator mobbing is one such response. Approaching a predator may be highly risky, but the individual risk declines and the likelihood of repelling the predator increases in larger mobbing groups. The ability to appraise the number of conspecifics involved in a mobbing event could therefore facilitate strategic decisions about whether to join. Mobs are commonly initiated by recruitment calls, which may provide valuable information to guide decision-making. We tested whether the number of wild jackdaws responding to recruitment calls was influenced by the number of callers. As predicted, playbacks simulating three or five callers tended to recruit more individuals than playbacks of one caller. Recruitment also substantially increased if recruits themselves produced calls. These results suggest that jackdaws use individual vocal discrimination to assess the number of conspecifics involved in initiating mobbing events, and use this information to guide their responses. Our results show support for the use of numerical assessment in antipredator mobbing responses and highlight the need for a greater understanding of the cognitive processes involved in collective behaviour.Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)Human Frontier Science ProgramUniversity of Exete
An Open-Label Pilot Study Testing the Feasibility of Assessing Total Symptom Burden in Trials of Cannabinoid Medications in Palliative Care.
Background: There is considerable interest in the use of cannabinoids for symptom control in palliative care, but there is little high-quality evidence to guide clinical practice. Objectives: Assess the feasibility of using global symptom burden measures to assess response to medicinal cannabis, to determine median tolerated doses of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and to document adverse events (AEs). Design: Prospective two-arm open-label pilot trial of escalating doses of CBD and THC oil. Setting/Subjects: Participants had advanced cancer and cancer-related symptoms in a palliative and supportive care service in an Australian cancer center. Measurements: The main outcome measures were the number of participants screened and randomized over the time frame, the number of participants completing days 14 and 28 and providing total symptom distress scores (TSDSs) (measured using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale), and the change from baseline of the TSDS at day 14. Results: Of the 21 participants enrolled (CBD, n = 16; THC, n = 5), 18 (86%) completed the primary outcome measure at day 14 and 8 completed at day 28. The median maximum tolerated doses were CBD, 300 mg/day (range 100-600 mg); THC, 10 mg/day (range 5-30 mg). Nine of 21 patients (43%) met the definition of response (≥6 point reduction in TSDS). Drowsiness was the most common AE. Conclusions: Trials of medicinal cannabis in advanced cancer patients undergoing palliative care are feasible. The doses of THC and CBD used in this study were generally well tolerated and the outcome measure of total symptom distress is promising as a measure of overall symptom benefit. Trial registration: ACTRN12618001205224
Kinematic dynamo action in a sphere: Effects of periodic time-dependent flows on solutions with axial dipole symmetry
Choosing a simple class of flows, with characteristics that may be present in
the Earth's core, we study the ability to generate a magnetic field when the
flow is permitted to oscillate periodically in time. The flow characteristics
are parameterised by D, representing a differential rotation, M, a meridional
circulation, and C, a component characterising convective rolls. Dynamo action
is sensitive to these flow parameters and fails spectacularly for much of the
parameter space where magnetic flux is concentrated into small regions.
Oscillations of the flow are introduced by varying the flow parameters in
time, defining a closed orbit in the space (D,M). Time-dependence appears to
smooth out flux concentrations, often enhancing dynamo action. Dynamo action
can be impaired, however, when flux concentrations of opposite signs occur
close together as smoothing destroys the flux by cancellation.
It is possible to produce geomagnetic-type reversals by making the orbit
stray into a region where the steady flows generate oscillatory fields. In this
case, however, dynamo action was not found to be enhanced by the
time-dependence.
A novel approach is taken to solving the time-dependent eigenvalue problem,
where by combining Floquet theory with a matrix-free Krylov-subspace method we
avoid large memory requirements for storing the matrix required by the standard
approach.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dynam., as accepted
(2004
Acoustic black holes for relativistic fluids
We derive a new acoustic black hole metric from the Abelian Higgs model. In
the non-relativistic limit, while the Abelian Higgs model becomes the
Ginzburg-Landau model, the metric reduces to an ordinary Unruh type. We
investigate the possibility of using (type I and II) superconductors as the
acoustic black holes. We propose to realize experimental acoustic black holes
by using spiral vortices solutions from the Navier-stokes equation in the
non-relativistic classical fluids.Comment: 16 pages. typos corrected, contents expande
Visualizing the Effect of an Electrostatic Gate with Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Electrostatic gating is pervasive in materials science, yet its effects on
the electronic band structure of materials has never been revealed directly by
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), the technique of choice to
non-invasively probe the electronic band structure of a material. By means of a
state-of-the-art ARPES setup with sub-micron spatial resolution, we have
investigated a heterostructure composed of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene
(BLG) on hexagonal boron nitride and deposited on a graphite flake. By voltage
biasing the latter, the electric field effect is directly visualized on the
valence band as well as on the carbon 1s core level of BLG. The band gap
opening of BLG submitted to a transverse electric field is discussed and the
importance of intralayer screening is put forward. Our results pave the way for
new studies that will use momentum-resolved electronic structure information to
gain insight on the physics of materials submitted to the electric field
effect
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