Deriving the ultrastructure of α-crustacyanin using lower-resolution structural and biophysical methods

The structure of α-crustacyanin has been determined to 30 Å resolution using negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) single-particle averaging and modelling with the β-crustacyanin dimer from the crystal structure (Protein Data Bank code 1gka), guided by PISA protein subunit interface calculations for 1gka, and compared with the protein arrangements observed in the crystal lattice of 1gka. This α-crustacyanin EM model has been checked against SAXS experimental data, including comparison with rigid-body models calculated from the SAXS data, and finally with analytical ultracentrifugation measurements

Books

New BMJ ABC seriesABC of Spinal Cord Injury. 2nd ed. By D. Grundy and A Swain. Pp. 61. Illustrated. £11 London: BMJ 1993.ABC of Diabetes. 3rd ed. By Peter J. Watkins Pp. 56. Illustrated. London: BM]. 1993. Obtainable from IJbriger Book Distributors, Bloemfontein.ABC of Transfusion. 2nd ed. Ed by Marcela A. Contreras. Pp. 66. £14,50. London: BM]. 1993.ABC of Vascular Diseases. Ed by John H. N. Wolfe. Pp. 79. London: BM]. 1993.Female sterilisation Female Sterilization: A Guide to Provision of Services. Pp. x + 197. illustrated. Sfr. 41. Geneva: WHO. 1992.Cervical cancer Cervical Cancer Screening Programmes: Managerial Guidelines. By A. B. Miller. Pp. viii + 50. SFr.12. Geneva: WHO. 1992.Alcohol in southern Africa Liquor and Labor in Southern Africa. Ed by Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler. Pp. 432. R99. Pietermaritzburg: Universiry of Tatal Press. 1992.Primary care in AIDS Primary AIDS Care. By Clive Evian. Pp. 267. Illustrated. R59,95. Joha=esburg: Jacana. 1993.Kliniese etiek Kliniese Etiek: 'n Christelike Benadering. 2de uitg. Deur Uys en Smit. Pp. 166. Kenwyn: Juta. 1992.Ovarian carcinoma Cancer of the Ovary. Ed by Maurice Markman and William J. Hoskins. Pp. xv + 442. Illustrated. $156,50. New York: Raven Press. 1992.Complications of cirrhosis Bailliere's Clinical Gastroenterology. International Practice and Research: Portal Hypertension. Ed by R. Shields. Pp. 208. Illustrated. £27,50. Kent: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1992.Treating diarrhoea Readings on Diarrhoea. Pp. vi + 147. Illustrated. Sfr. 20. Geneva: WHO. 1992.Manual of arthroscopy Techniques in Therapeutic Arthroscopy. Ed by J. Serge Parisien. Pp. 385. Illustrated.$157,50. New York: Raven Press. 1993.Chemicals and birth defects Chemically Induced Birth Defects. 2nd ed. By James L. Schardein. Pp. xiv + 902. $250. New York: Marcel Dekker 1993.Virology Progress in Medical Virology. Vol. 40. Ed by J. L. Melnick. Pp. viii + 221. Illustrated. Sfr. 265. Basel: S. Karger. 1993.Perfused liver Perfused Liver: Clinical and Basic Applications. Ed by F. Ballet and R. G. Thurrnan. Pp. 398. Illustrated. £46. London: John Libbey. 1991

From training to artisanal practice : rethinking choreographic relationships in modern dance

In the first part of the twentieth century early modern dancers created both a new art form and the forms of group social organisation that were its condition of possibility. This paper critically examines the balletic and disciplinary ‘training’ model of dancer formation and proposes that the assumption of training in dance can obscure other ways of understanding dance-making relationships and other values in early modern dance. An ‘artisanal’ mode of production and knowledge transmission based on a non-binary relationship between ‘master’ and apprentice and occurring in a quasi-domestic and personalised space of some intimacy is proposed as a more pertinent way to think the enabling conditions of modern dance creation

Reliability and tolerance comparison in water supply networks

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-010-9753-2Urban water supply is a high priority service and so looped networks are extensively used in order to considerably reduce the number of consumers affected by a failure. Looped networks may be redundant in connectivity and capacity. The concept of reliability has been introduced in an attempt to quantitatively measure the possibility of maintaining an adequate service for a given period. Numerous researchers have considered reliability as a measure of redundancy. This concept is usually implicit, but some researchers have even stated it explicitly. This paper shows why reliability cannot be considered a measure of redundancy given that branched networks can achieve high values of reliability and this would deny the fact that a looped network is more reliable than a branched network with a similar layout and size. To this end the paper discusses two quantitative indices for measuring expected network behavior: reliability and tolerance. These indices are calculated and a comparison is made between looped, branched, and mixed networks. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.The authors wish to acknowledge the support received from project IDAWAS, DPI2009-11591, of the Directorate-General of Research at the Spanish Ministry of Education, the grant PAID-02-09 for a stay at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia by the first author, and a grant MAEC-AECI 0000202066 awarded to the second author by the Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperacion of Spain. The use of English in this paper was revised by John Rawlins; and the revision was funded by the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Martínez-Rodríguez, JB.; Montalvo Arango, I.; Izquierdo Sebastián, J.; Pérez García, R. (2011). Reliability and tolerance comparison in water supply networks. Water Resources Management. 25(5):1437-1448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-010-9753-2S14371448255Bao Y, Mays LW (1990) Model for water distribution system reliability. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 116(9):1119–1137Bouchart F, Goulter I (1991) Reliability improvements in design of water distribution networks recognizing valve location. Water Resour Res 27(12):3029–3040Carrión A, Solano H, Gamiz ML, Debón A (2010) Evaluation of the reliability of a water supply network from right-censored and left-truncated break data. Water Resour Manag, Springer Sci 24:2917–2935. Published online: 28 January 2010Chiong C (1985) Optimización de redes cerradas, Doctoral Thesis, CIH-CUJAE, Havana (in Spanish)Christodoulou SE (2010) Water network assessment and reliability analysis by use of survival analysis. Water Resour Manag, Springer Sci, Published online: 19 June 2010Cullinane MJ, Lansey KE, Mays LW (1992) Optimization-availability-based design of water distribution networks. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 118(3):420–441Duan N, Mays LW, Lansey KE (1990) Optimal reliability-based design of pumping and distribution systems. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 116(2):249–268Goulter I (1992) Systems analysis in water distribution network design: from theory to practice. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 118(3):238–248Goulter I (1993) Modern concepts of a water distribution system. Policies for improvement of networks with shortcomings. In: Cabrera E, Martínez F (eds) Water supply systems: state of the art and future trends, Valencia (Spain). Comput Mech Publ, Southampton, pp 121–138Goulter I, Bouchart F (1990) Reliability-constrained pipe network model. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 116(2):211–229Gupta R, Bhave R (1994) Reliability analysis of water distribution systems. J Environ Eng ASCE 120(2):447–460Jacobs P, Goulter I (1991) Estimation of maximum cut-set size for water network failure. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 117(5):588–605Jowitt P, Xu C (1993) Predicting pipe failure effects in water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 119(l):18–31Kalungi P, Tanyimboh TT (2003) Redundancy model for water distribution systems. Rel Eng Syst Safety 82(3):275–286Khomsi D, Walters GA, Thorley ARD, Ouazar D (1996) Reliability tester for water-distribution networks. J Comput Civ Eng ASCE 10(l):10–9Lansey K, Duan N, Mays LW, Tung YK (1989) Water distribution system design under uncertainty. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 115(5):630–645Loganathan GV, Shah MP, Sherali HP (1990) A two-phase network design heuristic for minimum cost water distribution systems under a reliability constraint. Eng Optim 15(4):311–336Martínez JB (2007) Quantifying the economy of water supply looped networks. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 133(1):88–97Martínez JB (2010) Cost and reliability comparison between branched and looped water supply networks. J Hydroinform IWA 12(2):150–160Morgan DR, Goulter IC (1985) Optimal urban water distribution design. Water Resour Res 21(5):642–652Park H, Leibman J (1993) Redundancy-constrained minimum-cost design of water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 119(l):83–98Pinto J, Varum H, Bentes I, Agarwal J (2010) A theory of vulnerability of water pipe network. Water Resour Manag 24:4237–4254. Springer Science, Published online: 6 May 2010Quimpo R, Shamsi U (1991) Reliability-based distribution system maintenance. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 117(3):321–339Su Y, Mays LW, Duan N, Lansey K (1987) Reliability based optimization model for water distribution systems. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 113(12):1539–1556Tanyimboh TT, Tabesh M, Burrows R (2001) Appraisal of source head methods for calculating reliability of water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 127(4):206–213Walski TM, Weiler JS, Culver T (2006) Using criticality analysis to identify impact of valve location. In: Proc 8th annual water distrib systems analysis symposium, August 27–30, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,Walters GA, Knezevic J (1989) Discussion of ‘Reliability based optimization model for water distribution systems’ by Su, Y., Mays, L. W. , Duan, N., and Lansey, K. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 115(8):1157–1158Xu C, Goulter I (1997) Simulation-based optimal design of reliable water distribution networks. In: Zayegh A (ed) Proc 3rd int conf on modeling and simulation. Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, pp 107–112Xu C, Goulter I (1998) Probabilistic model for water distribution reliability. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 124(4):218–228Xu C, Goulter I (1999) Reliability based optimal design of water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manage ASCE 125(6):352–362Xu C, Goulter I (2000) A model for optimal design of reliable water distribution networks. In: Blain WR, Brebbia CA (eds) Hydraulic engineering software VIII. WIT, Southampton, pp 71–8

It’s Not the Left: Ideology and Protest Participation in Old and New Democracies

Multiple studies in political science consistently hold that left-wing ideology renders individuals more prone to protest behavior. However, the familiar association between left-wing ideology and protesting is not empirically corroborated in all democratic nations. Building on existing theoretical principles and applying them to diverse political contexts, this paper sheds light on puzzling variation in protest behavior across new and old democracies. It argues that it is not the left that engenders protest. Instead, we demonstrate that which political camp engages in protest behavior depends on its historical legacies and cultural liberalism. Historical legacies reflect the ideological configuration at democratization. Protesting tends to be more common in the ideological camp that opposed the pre-democratic political order. Simultaneously, it is culturally liberal individuals that more likely embrace protest participation, independent of their left-right identification. These theoretical expectations are supported through survey data analyses, explaining contrasting inter- and intra-regional variation in European democracies

Chemokine CXCL4 interactions with extracellular matrix proteoglycans mediate widespread immune cell recruitment independent of chemokine receptors

Leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into tissues is a crucial component of the immune system but is also key to inflammatory disease. Chemokines are central to this process but have yet to be therapeutically targeted during inflammation due to a lack of mechanistic understanding. Specifically, CXCL4 (Platelet Factor 4, PF4) has no established receptor that explains its function. Here, we use biophysical, in vitro, and in vivo techniques to determine the mechanism underlying CXCL4-mediated leukocyte recruitment. We demonstrate that CXCL4 binds to glycosaminoglycan (GAG) sugars on proteoglycans within the endothelial extracellular matrix, resulting in increased adhesion of leukocytes to the vasculature, increased vascular permeability, and non-specific recruitment of a range of leukocytes. Furthermore, GAG sulfation confers selectivity onto chemokine localization. These findings present mechanistic insights into chemokine biology and provide future therapeutic targets

Turnaround and failure: resource weaknesses and the rise and fall of Jarvis

Research employing the resource-based view (RBV) has overwhelming focused on the upside of resources, namely those that provide benefit to the firm. However, an emerging research stream suggests that the downside of resources, namely resource weaknesses, may be crucial in gaining a greater understanding of the key factors that contribute to firm performance and the ability to turnaround failing companies. We examine the infamous case of Jarvis, a firm that achieved a turnaround, but then experienced catastrophic failure. In so doing we explore the emergence of resource weaknesses, their nature and ability to combine to create a fatal organisational outcome