Sexting: You Found the Sext, What to Do Next? How School Psychologists Can Assist with Policy, Prevention, and Intervention

Early Monday morning, it is brought to the school psychologist’s attention that Katie, a 15-year-old student, engaged in “sexting” over the weekend; she sent a naked picture of herself to her boyfriend. The boyfriend immediately forwarded the picture to a group of his friends. At school on Monday, many students were talking about the picture, and Katie was humiliated. The school is unaware of how many students this sext message has reached. What can the school psychologist do to intervene with the female student, her boyfriend, and his friends? What, if anything, can be done to prevent this message from being spread to other students and even other school districts? Should law enforcement be contacted? How can the school psychologist help prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future

Is Your School Prepared for a Sexting Crisis?

Sexting is a growing challenge. Results from a survey indicated that 20% of adolescents ages 13–19 have sent or posted nude or semi-nude pictures of themselves; 71% of adolescent females and 67% of adolescent males who have sexted sent the content to a boyfriend or girlfriend; and 38% of adolescent females and 39% of adolescent males report having seen messages originally intended for someone else (National Campaign, 2008). Those messages can spread at a rapid rate, causing both legal and emotional ramifications for all students involved. Principals can help prevent sexting and mitigate its negative consequences by making staff members and students aware of the issues involved and implementing effective prevention and intervention efforts

Einfluss verschiedener Kontrastmittel auf die renale Hämodynamik im Rahmen von Koronarangiographien

Zusammenfassung Einleitung: Der Gebrauch iodhaltiger Röntgenkontrastmittel (RKM) und damit die Zahl hiermit verbundener Nebenwirkungen ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten ständig angestiegen. Eine der organspezifischen Nebenwirkungen ist die Kontrastmittel-induzierte Nephropathie (engl. contrast media induced nephropathy CIN). Diese ist durch den absoluten Anstieg der Serum-Kreatinin-Konzentration um mehr als 0,5 mg/dl gegenüber dem Ausgangswert definiert. Die Inzidenz der CIN liegt je nach Risikogruppe zwischen < 2% bis 50 %. Die CIN wurde lange als dritthäufigste Ursache für ein akutes Nierenversagen bei hospitalisierten Patienten angesehen. Der Pathomechanismus ist multifaktoriell und bislang noch nicht vollständig verstanden. Neben einer direkten tubulären Toxizität scheinen eine Hypoxie des äußeren Nierenmarks und eine transiente renale Ischämie eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. In einer Pilotstudie (10 Patienten) mit Messung der renalen Blutflussgeschwindigkeit (RBFG) während einer Herzkatheteruntersuchung kam es zu einer signifikanten Abnahme der Nierenperfusion unter Verwendung verschiedener Kontrastmitteltypen. Dabei ergab sich der Hinweis auf eine stärker vasokonstriktorische Komponente durch ein niedrigosmolares KM (NOKM) verglichen mit einem isoosmolaren KM (IOKM). Methodik: Bei der durchgeführten Studie handelt es sich um eine prospektive, randomisierte, doppelblinde Therapieoptimierungsstudie. Verschiedene KM wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die Nierenperfusion mittels (kontinuierlicher) Messung der RBFG bei Patienten mit erhöhtem Risiko für ein akutes Nierenversagen untersucht. Dabei wurde Iodixanol, ein IOKM, mit zwei NOKM (Iopromid, Iohexol) verglichen. Als sekundärer Endpunkt wurde die CIN-Inzidenz ermittelt. 33 Patienten mit elektiver Herzkatheterdiagnostik und einer GFR < 50 ml/min/1,73m2 wurden eingeschlossen. Die RBFG wurde mit einem 0,014 inch Doppler-Führungsdraht in der rechten Nierenarterie zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten während der Herzkatheteruntersuchung gemessen. Alle Patienten wurden mit ACC (oral) und Volumengabe gemäß der zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt aktuellen Richtlinien vorbehandelt. Ergebnisse: Von den 33 eingeschlossenen Patienten konnten 30 ausgewertet werden. Im Verlauf der Untersuchung zeigte sich in allen Gruppen eine leichte Abnahme der RBFG, jedoch war sie weder zwischen den Gruppen (p=0,873) noch abweichend zum Basiswert (p=0,2622) signifikant. Insgesamt kam es interindividuell zu einer sehr heterogenen hämodynamischen Antwort nach Kontrastmittelgabe. Fünf Patienten (20%) entwickelten eine CIN (p > 0,05). Die Verteilung in den Gruppen war gleich. Schlussfolgerung: Die Applikation IOKM und NOKM hat bei Patienten mit chronischer Niereninsuffizienz keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Nierenperfusion. Daher kann keine Empfehlung für einen bestimmten Kontrastmitteltyp gegeben werden. Zudem konnte kein biphasischer Verlauf, wie tierexperimentell vorbeschrieben, beobachtet werden. Die wichtigste Maßnahme stellt nach wie vor eine optimale Prophylaxe mittels Flüssigkeitszufuhr vor und nach der Behandlung dar, um den toxischen Effekt zu minimieren. Diese wurde im Rahmen der Studie konsequent umgesetzt.Abstract Background: The use of iodinated radiographic contrast media ((R)CM) and the number of associated side effects has steadily increased in recent decades. One of these organspecific side effects is the contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN). It is defined as an absolute increase in serum creatinine concentration of > 0.5 mg/dL over baseline. The incidence of CIN is depending on the risk group between 2% to 50%. CIN has long been regarded as the third most common cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients. The pathogenetic mechanism is multifactorial. In addition to a direct tubular toxicity, hypoxia of the outer medulla and transient renal ischemia seem to play a crucial role. In a pilot study with measurement of renal blood flow velocity during a cardiac catheterization, there was a significant decrease in renal perfusion using various CM types. The indication insist on a more vasoconstrictoric component by a low-osmolar CM compared with an iso-osmolar. Methods: The present study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind therapyoptimization study. Various CM were examined with regard to their effect on renal perfusion by means of measurement of RBFV in patients at risk for acute renal failure. Iodixanol, an iso-osmolar CM, was compared with two low-osmolar CM (iopromide, iohexol). As a secondary endpoint, the CIN incidence was determined. 33 patients with elective diagnostic cardiac catheterization and a GFR <50 ml/min/1,73qm were included. The renal blood flow velocity was measured with a 0.014 inch Doppler guidewire in the right renal artery at different times during the cardiac catheterization. All patients were pretreated with Acetylcystein (oral) and volume (i.v.). Results: 30 of the 33 enrolled patients were evaluated. During the investigation in all groups a slight decrease in renal blood flow velocity was observed. However, the test of difference between the groups (p = 0.873) and the difference from baseline within each treatment group (p = 0.2622) was non-significant. Five patients (20%) developed a CIN (p> 0.05). The distribution in the groups was similar. Conclusion: The application iso-osmolar CM and low-osmolar CM in chronic renal failure patients has no significant effect on renal perfusion. Therefore, no recommendation for a particular type of contrast agent can be given. Moreover, no biphasic course, as described in animal experiments, could be observed. The most important measure continues to be optimal prophylaxis by hydration before and after the treatment to minimize the toxic effect. This was consistently implemented in the study

Vortex formation with a snapping shrimp claw

Snapping shrimp use one oversized claw to generate a cavitating high speed water jet for hunting, defence and communication. This work is an experimental investigation about the jet generation. Snapping shrimp (Alpheus-bellulus) were investigated by using an enlarged transparent model reproducing the closure of the snapper claw. Flow inside the model was studied using both High-Speed Particle Image Velocimetry (HS-PIV) and flow visualization. During claw closure a channel-like cavity was formed between the plunger and the socket featuring a nozzle-type contour at the orifice. Closing the mechanism led to the formation of a leading vortex ring with a dimensionless formation number of approximate ΔT*≈4. This indicates that the claw might work at maximum efficiency, i.e. maximum vortex strength was achieved by a minimum of fluid volume ejected. The subsequent vortex cavitation with the formation of an axial reentrant jet is a reasonable explanation for the large penetration depth of the water jet. That snapping shrimp can reach with their claw-induced flow. Within such a cavitation process, an axial reentrant jet is generated in the hollow cylindrical core of the cavitated vortex that pushes the front further downstream and whose length can exceed the initial jet penetration depth by several times

A Self-Reference False Memory Effect in the DRM Paradigm: Evidence from Eastern and Western Samples

It is well established that processing information in relation to oneself (i.e., selfreferencing) leads to better memory for that information than processing that same information in relation to others (i.e., other-referencing). However, it is unknown whether self-referencing also leads to more false memories than other-referencing. In the current two experiments with European and East Asian samples, we presented participants the Deese-Roediger/McDermott (DRM) lists together with their own name or other people’s name (i.e., “Trump” in Experiment 1 and “Li Ming” in Experiment 2). We found consistent results across the two experiments; that is, in the self-reference condition, participants had higher true and false memory rates compared to those in the other-reference condition. Moreover, we found that selfreferencing did not exhibit superior mnemonic advantage in terms of net accuracy compared to other-referencing and neutral conditions. These findings are discussed in terms of theoretical frameworks such as spreading activation theories and the fuzzytrace theory. We propose that our results reflect the adaptive nature of memory in the sense that cognitive processes that increase mnemonic efficiency may also increase susceptibility to associative false memories

A Network Integration Approach to Predict Conserved Regulators Related to Pathogenicity of Influenza and SARS-CoV Respiratory Viruses

Respiratory infections stemming from influenza viruses and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV) represent a serious public health threat as emerging pandemics. Despite efforts to identify the critical interactions of these viruses with host machinery, the key regulatory events that lead to disease pathology remain poorly targeted with therapeutics. Here we implement an integrated network interrogation approach, in which proteome and transcriptome datasets from infection of both viruses in human lung epithelial cells are utilized to predict regulatory genes involved in the host response. We take advantage of a novel "crowd-based" approach to identify and combine ranking metrics that isolate genes/proteins likely related to the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV and influenza virus. Subsequently, a multivariate regression model is used to compare predicted lung epithelial regulatory influences with data derived from other respiratory virus infection models. We predicted a small set of regulatory factors with conserved behavior for consideration as important components of viral pathogenesis that might also serve as therapeutic targets for intervention. Our results demonstrate the utility of integrating diverse 'omic datasets to predict and prioritize regulatory features conserved across multiple pathogen infection models

π0\pi^0 photoproduction on the proton for photon energies from 0.675 to 2.875 GeV

Differential cross sections for the reaction $\gamma p \to p \pi^0$ have been measured with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) and a tagged photon beam with energies from 0.675 to 2.875 GeV. The results reported here possess greater accuracy in the absolute normalization than previous measurements. They disagree with recent CB-ELSA measurements for the process at forward scattering angles. Agreement with the SAID and MAID fits is found below 1 GeV. The present set of cross sections has been incorporated into the SAID database, and exploratory fits have been extended to 3 GeV. Resonance couplings have been extracted and compared to previous determinations.Comment: 18 pages, 48 figure

In Vitro Characterization of a Nineteenth-Century Therapy for Smallpox

In the nineteenth century, smallpox ravaged through the United States and Canada. At this time, a botanical preparation, derived from the carnivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea, was proclaimed as being a successful therapy for smallpox infections. The work described characterizes the antipoxvirus activity associated with this botanical extract against vaccinia virus, monkeypox virus and variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox. Our work demonstrates the in vitro characterization of Sarracenia purpurea as the first effective inhibitor of poxvirus replication at the level of early viral transcription. With the renewed threat of poxvirus-related infections, our results indicate Sarracenia purpurea may act as another defensive measure against Orthopoxvirus infections