Hepcidina: hormona reguladora del metabolismo del hierro en el deportista

Nutrition is very important to ensure proper health and optium sports performance. Thus, an objective of Nutrition will be to ensure an adequate state of body iron stores, because iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency and because iron is a constituyent element of hemoglobin and myoglobin. There is a direct relationship between hemoglobin levels and VO2max, main limiting factor of endurance performance. It was recently discovered a new hormone (hepcidin), whose main effect is to act as a negative regulator of iron absorption by degrading ferroportin. The aim of this study was to analyze the studies that have studied the response of hepcidin to exercise as a requirement to give guidelines that allow to regulate hepcidin levels in athletes, preventing possible iron deficiency stores.La nutrición cobra una enorme importancia a la hora de asegurar un estado de salud y un rendimiento deportivo óptimo. Uno de los principales objetivos irá encaminado a asegurar un adecuado estado de las reservas corporales de hierro, dado que la deficiencia de hierro es la más frecuente y a que dicho elemento forma parte constituyente de la hemoglobina y mioglobina. Existe una relación directa entre los niveles de hemoglobina y el VO2máx, principal factor limitante del rendimiento de resistencia. Recientemente se ha descubierto una nueva hormona (hepcidina), cuyo efecto principal es la de actuar como regulador negativo en la absorción del hierro, al degradar la ferroportina. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido el de analizar los distintos trabajos que han estudiado la respuesta de la hepcidina al ejercicio como requisito para poder dar pautas que permitan regular los niveles de hepcidina en el deportista, previniendo posibles estados ferropénicos

Research Update: Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition of ZnO thin films: Reactors, doping, and devices

Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition (AP-SALD) has recently emerged as an appealing technique for rapidly producing high quality oxides. Here, we focus on the use of AP-SALD to deposit functional ZnO thin films, particularly on the reactors used, the film properties, and the dopants that have been studied. We highlight how these films are advantageous for the performance of solar cells, organometal halide perovskite light emitting diodes, and thin-film transistors. Future AP-SALD technology will enable the commercial processing of thin films over large areas on a sheet-to-sheet and roll-to-roll basis, with new reactor designs emerging for flexible plastic and paper electronics.The authors acknowledge the support of the Rutherford Foundation of New Zealand and the Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trusts, and the ERC Advanced Investigator Grant, Novox, ERC-2009-adG247276. DMR acknowledges Marie Curie Actions (FP7/2007-2013, Grant Agreement Nos. 219332 and 631111), and the Ramon y Cajal 2011 programme from the Spanish MICINN and the European Social Fund, and the Comissionat per a Universitats I Recerca (CUR) del DIUE de la Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain.This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published in APL Materials (Hoye RLZ, Muñoz-Rojas D, Nelson SF, Illiberi A, Poodt P, Roozeboom F, MacManus-Driscoll JL, APL Materials, 2015, 3, 040701, doi:10.1063/1.4916525). The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.491652

Influence of the thermal contact resistance in current-induced domain wall depinning

In this work we study the influence of the thermal contact resistance on the temperature of a typical nanostripe used in current induced magnetic domain wall movement or depinning. The thermal contact resistance arises from an imperfect heat transport across the interface between the metallic ferromagnetic nanostripe and the substrate. We show that this parameter, which is likely non-zero in any experimental device, increases the temperature in the nanostripe considerably. When the current is injected in the nanostripe in nanosecond long pulses, the larger temperature also implies a reduction of the effective current density delivered by the pulse generator. Both, the thermal contact resistance and the dynamic response of the pulse generator, are usually neglected in theoretical estimations of the influence of spin transfer torque on domain wall displacement and depinning. Here we show that only if the thermal contact resistance and the electric resistivity of the ferromagnetic nanostripe are optimized to the best values reported in the bibliography, the Joule heating may not be so crucial for current densities of the order of 108 A/cm2. Also, the use of physical constrictions (notch) to pin the magnetic domain wall may complicate the interpretation of the results as they always come together with relevant thermal gradients.This work has been partially funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the projects MAT2014-52477-C5-1-P and MAT2014-52477-C5-3-P and by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council through grant code EPSRC EP/E03389X

Lineability within probability theory settings

[EN] The search of lineability consists on finding large vector spaces of mathematical objects with special properties. Such examples have arisen in the last years in a wide range of settings such as in real and complex analysis, sequence spaces, linear dynamics, norm-attaining functionals, zeros of polynomials in Banach spaces, Dirichlet series, and non-convergent Fourier series, among others. In this paper we present the novelty of linking this notion of lineability to the area of Probability Theory by providing positive (and negative) results within the framework of martingales, random variables, and certain stochastic processes.This work was partially supported by Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, projects MTM2013-47093-P and MTM2015-65825-P, by the Basque Government through the BERC 2014-2017 program and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad: BCAM Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation SEV-2013-0323.Conejero, JA.; Fenoy, M.; Murillo Arcila, M.; Seoane Sepúlveda, JB. (2017). Lineability within probability theory settings. Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Serie A Matemáticas. 111(3):673-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-016-0318-yS6736841113Aizpuru, A., Pérez-Eslava, C., García-Pacheco, F.J., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Lineability and coneability of discontinuous functions on $$\mathbb{R}$$ R . Publ. Math. Debrecen 72(1–2), 129–139 (2008)Aron, R., Gurariy, V.I., Seoane, J.B.: Lineability and spaceability of sets of functions on $$\mathbb{R}$$ R . Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 133(3), 795–803 (2005, electronic)Aron, R.M., González, L.B., Pellegrino, D.M., Sepúlveda J.B.S.: Lineability: the search for linearity in mathematics. Monographs and Research Notes in Mathematics. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2016)Ash, R.B.: Real analysis and probability. Probability and mathematical statistics, No. 11. Academic Press, New York-London (1972)Barbieri, G., García-Pacheco, F.J., Puglisi, D.: Lineability and spaceability on vector-measure spaces. Stud. Math. 219(2), 155–161 (2013)Bernal-González, L., Cabrera, M.O.: Lineability criteria, with applications. J. Funct. Anal. 266(6), 3997–4025 (2014)Bernal-González, L., Pellegrino, D., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Linear subsets of nonlinear sets in topological vector spaces. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 51(1), 71–130 (2014)Berndt, B.C.: What is a $$q$$ q -series? In: Ramanujan rediscovered, Ramanujan Math. Soc. Lect. Notes Ser., vol. 14, pp. 31–51. Ramanujan Math. Soc., Mysore (2010)Bertoloto, F.J., Botelho, G., Fávaro, V.V., Jatobá, A.M.: Hypercyclicity of convolution operators on spaces of entire functions. Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 63(4), 1263–1283 (2013)Billingsley, P.: Probability and measure. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics, 3rd edn, A Wiley-Interscience Publication. Wiley, New York (1995)Botelho, G., Fávaro, V.V.: Constructing Banach spaces of vector-valued sequences with special properties. Mich. Math. J. 64(3), 539–554 (2015)Cariello, D., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Basic sequences and spaceability in $$\ell _p$$ ℓ p spaces. J. Funct. Anal. 266(6), 3797–3814 (2014)Drewnowski, L., Lipecki, Z.: On vector measures which have everywhere infinite variation or noncompact range. Dissertationes Math. (Rozprawy Mat.) 339, 39 (1995)Dugundji, J.: Topology. Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, Mass.-London-Sydney (1978, Reprinting of the 1966 original, Allyn and Bacon Series in Advanced Mathematics)Enflo, P.H., Gurariy, V.I., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Some results and open questions on spaceability in function spaces. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 366(2), 611–625 (2014)Fonf, V.P., Zanco, C.: Almost overcomplete and almost overtotal sequences in Banach spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 420(1), 94–101 (2014)Gámez-Merino, J.L., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: An undecidable case of lineability in $$\mathbb{R}^{\mathbb{R}}$$ R R . J. Math. Anal. Appl. 401(2), 959–962 (2013)Gurariĭ, V.I.: Linear spaces composed of everywhere nondifferentiable functions. C. R. Acad. Bulgare Sci. 44(5), 13–16 (1991)Muñoz-Fernández, G.A., Palmberg, N., Puglisi, D., Seoane-Sepúlveda, J.B.: Lineability in subsets of measure and function spaces. Linear Algebra Appl. 428(11–12), 2805–2812 (2008)Walsh, J.B.: Martingales with a multidimensional parameter and stochastic integrals in the plane. In: Lectures in probability and statistics (Santiago de Chile, 1986), Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 1215, pp. 329–491. Springer, Berlin (1986)Wise, G.L., Hall, E.B.: Counterexamples in probability and real analysis. The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York (1993

Faster Sensitivity Loss around Dense Scotomas than for Overall Macular Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease: ProgStar Report No. 14

Purpose: Mean sensitivity (MS) derived from a standard test grid using microperimetry is a sensitive outcome measure in clinical trials investigating new treatments for degenerative retinal diseases. This study hypothesizes that the functional decline is faster at the edge of the dense scotoma (eMS) than by using the overall MS. Design: Multicenter, international, prospective cohort study: ProgStar Study. Methods: Stargardt disease type 1 patients (carrying at least 1 mutation in the ABCA4 gene) were followed over 12 months using microperimetry with a Humphrey 10-2 test grid. Customized software was developed to automatically define and selectively follow the test points directly adjacent to the dense scotoma points and to calculate their mean sensitivity (eMS). Results: Among 361 eyes (185 patients), the mean age was 32.9 ± 15.1 years old. At baseline, MS was 10.4 ± 5.2 dB (n = 361), and the eMS was 9.3 ± 3.3 dB (n = 335). The yearly progression rate of MS (1.5 ± 2.1 dB/year) was significantly lower (β = −1.33; P < .001) than that for eMS (2.9 ± 2.9 dB/year). There were no differences between progression rates using automated grading and those using manual grading (β = .09; P = .461). Conclusions: In Stargardt disease type 1, macular sensitivity declines significantly faster at the edge of the dense scotoma than in the overall test grid. An automated, time-efficient approach for extracting and grading eMS is possible and appears valid. Thus, eMS offers a valuable tool and sensitive outcome parameter with which to follow Stargardt patients in clinical trials, allowing clinical trial designs with shorter duration and/or smaller cohorts

Robust control of an evaporator through algebraic Riccati equations and d-k iteration

Evaporation is a process that is widely used in the chemical industry and aims to concentrate a solution consisting of a non-volatile solute and a volatile solvent. In this paper the design of robust control systems for a simple effect evaporation system is presented. Two controllers were designed, the first was based on the Algebraic Riccati Equations (ARE) solutions technique and the second was derived from the D-K iteration method. To show the potentiality of the control system proposed, we present the results of some tests carried out in simulation

Gravitino dark matter in the constrained next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model with neutralino next-to-lightest superpartner

The viability of a possible cosmological scenario is investigated. The theoretical framework is the constrained next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model (cNMSSM), with a gravitino playing the role of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and a neutralino acting as the next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP). All the necessary constraints from colliders and cosmology have been taken into account. For gravitino we have considered the two usual production mechanisms, namely out-of equillibrium decay from the NLSP, and scattering processes from the thermal bath. The maximum allowed reheating temperature after inflation, as well as the maximum allowed gravitino mass are determined.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figure

Synaptic, axonal damage and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative dementias

INTRODUCTION: Synaptic damage, axonal neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation are common features in Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). METHODS: Unicentric cohort of 353 participants included healthy control (HC) subjects, AD continuum stages, genetic AD and FTD, and FTD and CJD. We measured cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (NF-L), neurogranin (Ng), 14-3-3, and YKL-40 proteins. RESULTS: Biomarkers showed differences in HC subjects versus AD, FTD, and CJD. Disease groups differed between them except AD versus FTD for YKL-40. Only NF-L differed between all stages within the AD continuum. AD and FTD symptomatic mutation carriers presented differences with respect to HC subjects. Applying the AT(N) system, 96% subjects were positive for neurodegeneration if 14-3-3 was used, 94% if NF-L was used, 62% if Ng was used, and 53% if YKL-40 was used. DISCUSSION: Biomarkers of synapse and neurodegeneration differentiate HC subjects from neurodegenerative dementias and between AD, FTD, and CJD. NF-L and 14-3-3 performed similar to total tau when AT(N) system was applied