Adenosine Triphosphate Release and P2 Receptor Signaling in Piezo1 Channel-Dependent Mechanoregulation

Organs and tissues and their constituent cells are physiologically submitted to diverse types of mechanical forces or stress, one common sequence of which is release of intracellular ATP into extracellular space. Extracellular ATP is a well-established autocrine or paracrine signaling molecule that regulates multiple cell functions and mediates cell-to-cell communications via activating the purinergic P2 receptors, more specifically, ligand-gated ion channel P2X receptors and some of the G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors. The molecular mechanisms that sense mechanical and transduce forces to trigger ATP release are poorly understood. The Piezo1, a newly identified mechanosensing ion channel, shows widespread expression and confers mechanosensitivity in many different types of cells. In this mini-review, we briefly introduce the Piezo1 channel and discuss the evidence that supports its important role in the mechanoregulation of diverse cell functions and, more specifically, critical engagement of ATP release and subsequent P2 receptor activation in Piezo1 channel-dependent mechanoregulation. Such ATP release-mediated coupling of the Piezo1 channel and P2 receptors may serve a signaling mechanism that is more common than we currently understand in transducing mechanical information to regulation of the attendant cell functions in various organs and tissues

Induction machine inter turn short circuit impact on the phenomena generated by the slotting effect.

D’une manière générale l’étude des machines électriques peut être entreprise suivant différents niveaux de complexité. L’approche la plus simple considère une machine idéalisée pour laquelle on s’intéresse aux phénomènes principaux, notamment ceux qui génèrent le couple électromagnétique moyen. Si on s’intéresse aux phénomènes secondaires, parfois difficiles à appréhender, comme les bruits et vibrations, les pertes fer, ou le flux de dispersion des machines électriques, il est nécessaire d’avoir une approche plus complexe. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit notre travail dans lequel on s’intéressera plus particulièrement à la machine asynchrone fonctionnant dans des régimes nonconventionnels. L’originalité de notre étude réside dans l’analyse, par une approche semi analytique, des phénomènes précités dans des cas d’une machine présentant un défaut de court-circuit entre spires statoriques. Les objectifs de ce travail sont multiples, on s’intéressera tout d’abord à l’étude de l’effet du défaut sur les phénomènes générés par la denture de manière à pouvoir apprécier son importance sur les dégradations des performances de la machine. Le deuxième point consiste à étudier les moyens de minimisation des pertes fer et des vibrations par conception, en ajustant certains paramètres géométriques de la machine, évitant ainsi le recours à des actions extérieures comme l’injectiond’harmoniques de courant. Le dernier point consiste à corréler les pertes fer et les vibrations avec le champ magnétique de dispersion. Cette corrélation permet par exemple d’estimer le niveau de dégradation des performances lors d’un fonctionnement non conventionnel de la machine.In a general way the electrical machines study can be undertaken according to various levels of complexity. The simplest approach considers an idealized machine for which we are interested in the main phenomena, in particular those that generate the average electromagnetic torque. If we are interested in the secondary phenomena, sometimes difficult to analyze, as the vibrations and noise, the iron losses, or the external magnetic field of the electrical machines, it is necessary to have a more complex approach. It is in this context that joins our work in which we shall be interested more particularly in the induction machine working in unconventional conditions. The originality of our study lies in the analysis, by a semi analytical approach, of aforesaid phenomena in cases of a machine presenting an inter turn short circuit. The objectives of this work are multiple, we shall be interested first in the study of the effect of the default on the phenomena generated by the slotting effect so as to be able to appreciate its importance on the machine performances degradation. The second point is to explore the ways to minimize iron losses and vibration by conception, by adjusting some machine geometrical parameters, so avoiding the recourse to outside actions as the current harmonic injection. The last point consists in correlating the iron losses and the vibrations to the external magnetic field. This correlation allows for example to estimate the performance degradation level during a machine unconventional running

Vibro-acoustic behaviour of an induction machine with stator inter-turn short-circuit

This paper focuses on the calculation of noise and vibrations due to electromagnetic forces in rotating electrical machines in faulty conditions. The effects of a stator inter turn short circuit is analysed through an analytical model. Theoretical results give the radial forces and explain the reasons behind the noise and vibrations. They also show how inter-turn-short-circuit is responsible for additional low-mode forces, generating noise and vibrations increase. Experimental measurements are carried out to validate the theoretical results

Impact d'un court-circuit interne au stator d'une machine asynchrone sur les phénomènes générés par la denture

D une manière générale l étude des machines électriques peut être entreprise suivant différents niveaux de complexité. L approche la plus simple considère une machine idéalisée pour laquelle on s intéresse aux phénomènes principaux, notamment ceux qui génèrent le couple électromagnétique moyen. Si on s intéresse aux phénomènes secondaires, parfois difficiles à appréhender, comme les bruits et vibrations, les pertes fer, ou le flux de dispersion des machines électriques, il est nécessaire d avoir une approche plus complexe. C est dans ce contexte que s inscrit notre travail dans lequel on s intéressera plus particulièrement à la machine asynchrone fonctionnant dans des régimes nonconventionnels. L originalité de notre étude réside dans l analyse, par une approche semi analytique, des phénomènes précités dans des cas d une machine présentant un défaut de court-circuit entre spires statoriques. Les objectifs de ce travail sont multiples, on s intéressera tout d abord à l étude de l effet du défaut sur les phénomènes générés par la denture de manière à pouvoir apprécier son importance sur les dégradations des performances de la machine. Le deuxième point consiste à étudier les moyens de minimisation des pertes fer et des vibrations par conception, en ajustant certains paramètres géométriques de la machine, évitant ainsi le recours à des actions extérieures comme l injectiond harmoniques de courant. Le dernier point consiste à corréler les pertes fer et les vibrations avec le champ magnétique de dispersion. Cette corrélation permet par exemple d estimer le niveau de dégradation des performances lors d un fonctionnement non conventionnel de la machine.In a general way the electrical machines study can be undertaken according to various levels of complexity. The simplest approach considers an idealized machine for which we are interested in the main phenomena, in particular those that generate the average electromagnetic torque. If we are interested in the secondary phenomena, sometimes difficult to analyze, as the vibrations and noise, the iron losses, or the external magnetic field of the electrical machines, it is necessary to have a more complex approach. It is in this context that joins our work in which we shall be interested more particularly in the induction machine working in unconventional conditions. The originality of our study lies in the analysis, by a semi analytical approach, of aforesaid phenomena in cases of a machine presenting an inter turn short circuit. The objectives of this work are multiple, we shall be interested first in the study of the effect of the default on the phenomena generated by the slotting effect so as to be able to appreciate its importance on the machine performances degradation. The second point is to explore the ways to minimize iron losses and vibration by conception, by adjusting some machine geometrical parameters, so avoiding the recourse to outside actions as the current harmonic injection. The last point consists in correlating the iron losses and the vibrations to the external magnetic field. This correlation allows for example to estimate the performance degradation level during a machine unconventional running.ARRAS-Bib.electronique (620419901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Short-Circuit Fault Tolerant Control of a Wind Turbine Driven Induction Generator Based on Sliding Mode Observers

The installed energy production capacity of wind turbines is growing intensely on a global scale, making the reliability of wind turbine subsystems of greater significance. However, many faults like Inter-Turn Short-Circuit (ITSC) may affect the turbine generator and quickly lead to a decline in supplied power quality. In this framework, this paper proposes a Sliding Mode Observer (SMO)-based Fault Tolerant Control (FTC) scheme for Induction Generator (IG)-based variable-speed grid-connected wind turbines. First, the dynamic models of the wind turbine subsystems were developed. The control schemes were elaborated based on the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and Indirect Rotor Flux Oriented Control (IRFOC) method. The grid control was also established by regulating the active and reactive powers. The performance of the wind turbine system and the stability of injected power to the grid were hence analyzed under both healthy and faulty conditions. The robust developed SMO-based Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) scheme was proved to be fast and efficient for ITSC detection and localization.Afterwards, SMO were involved in scheming the FTC technique. Accordingly, simulation results assert the efficacy of the proposed ITSC FTC method for variable-speed wind turbines with faulty IG in protecting the subsystems from damage and ensuring continuous connection of the wind turbine to the grid during ITSC faults, hence maintaining power quality

Experimental validation of a numerical 3-D finite model applied to wind turbines design under vibration constraints: TREVISE platform

With the advancement of wind turbines towards complex structures, the requirement of trusty structural models has become more apparent. Hence, the vibration characteristics of the wind turbine components, like the blades and the tower, have to be extracted under vibration constraints. Although extracting the modal properties of blades is a simple task, calculating precise modal data for the whole wind turbine coupled to its tower/foundation is still a perplexing task. In this framework, this paper focuses on the investigation of the structural modeling approach of modern commercial micro-turbines. Thus, the structural model a complex designed wind turbine, which is Rutland 504, is established based on both experimental and numerical methods. A three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model of the structure was set up based on the finite volume method (FVM) using the academic finite element analysis software ANSYS. To validate the created model, experimental vibration tests were carried out using the vibration test system of TREVISE platform at ECAM-EPMI. The tests were based on the experimental modal analysis (EMA) technique, which is one of the most efficient techniques for identifying structures parameters. Indeed, the poles and residues of the frequency response functions (FRF), between input and output spectra, were calculated to extract the mode shapes and the natural frequencies of the structure. Based on the obtained modal parameters, the numerical designed model was up-dated

Diagnostic des génératrices asynchrones dans une éolienne a vitesse variable à base d’un observateur de court-circuit statorique

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