171 research outputs found
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant Grade II and III Glial Neoplasms
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or IDH2 occur in the majority of adult low-grade gliomas and, less commonly, in cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and other human malignancies. Cancer-associated mutations alter the function of the enzyme, resulting in production of R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG) and broad epigenetic dysregulation. Small molecule IDH inhibitors have received regulatory approval for the treatment of IDH mutant (mIDH) leukemia and are under development for the treatment of mIDH solid tumors. This article provides a current view of IDH mutant adult astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, including their clinical presentation and treatment, and discusses novel approaches and challenges toward improving the treatment of these tumors
Internal Friction of Amorphous Silicon in a Magnetic Field
The internal friction of e-beam amorphous silicon was measured in a magnetic
field between 0 and 6 T, from 1.5-20 K, and was found to be independent of the
field to better than 8%. It is concluded that the low energy excitations
observed in this experiment are predominantly atomic in nature.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, REVTe
Rapid Artefact Removal and H&E-Stained Tissue Segmentation
We present an innovative method for rapidly segmenting hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue in whole-slide images (WSIs) that eliminates a wide range of undesirable artefacts such as pen marks and scanning artefacts. Our method involves taking a single-channel representation of a lowmagnification RGB overview of the WSI in which the pixel values are bimodally distributed suchthat H&E-stained tissue is easily distinguished from both background and a wide variety of artefacts. We demonstrate our method on 30 WSIs prepared from a wide range of institutions and WSI digital scanners, each containing substantial artefacts, and compare it to segmentations provided by Otsu thresholding and Histolab tissue segmentation and pen filtering tools. We found that our methodsegmented the tissue and fully removed all artefacts in 29 out of 30 WSIs, whereas Otsu thresholding failed to remove any artefacts, and the Histolab pen filtering tools only partially removed the pen marks. The beauty of our approach lies in its simplicity: manipulating RGB colour space and using Otsu thresholding allows for the segmentation of H&E-stained tissue and the rapid removal ofartefacts without the need for machine learning or parameter tuning
Measurement of p + d -> 3He + eta in S(11) Resonance
We have measured the reaction p + d -> 3He + eta at a proton beam energy of
980 MeV, which is 88.5 MeV above threshold using the new ``germanium wall''
detector system. A missing--mass resolution of the detector system of 2.6% was
achieved. The angular distribution of the meson is forward peaked. We found a
total cross section of (573 +- 83(stat.) +- 69(syst.))nb. The excitation
function for the present reaction is described by a Breit Wigner form with
parameters from photoproduction.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, corrected typos in heade
Cross section of the reaction close to threshold
We have measured inclusive data on -meson production in collisions
at COSY J\"ulich close to the hyperon production threshold and determined the
hyperon-nucleon invariant mass spectra. The spectra were decomposed into three
parts: , and . The cross section for the
channel was found to be much smaller than a previous measurement in
that excess energy region. The data together with previous results at higher
energies are compatible with a phase space dependence.Comment: accepted by Phys. lett. B some typos correcte
Detailed comparison of the pp -> \pi^+pn and pp -> \pi^+d reactions at 951 MeV
The positively charged pions produced in proton-proton collisions at a beam
momentum of 1640 MeV/c were measured in the forward direction with a high
resolution magnetic spectrograph. The missing mass distribution shows the bound
state (deuteron) clearly separated from the continuum. Despite the very
good resolution, there is no evidence for any significant production of the
system in the spin-singlet state. However, the cross section ratio is about twice as large as
that predicted from -wave final-state-interaction theory and it is suggested
that this is due to -state effects in the system.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
The Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (NANO) scale: a tool to assess neurologic function for integration into the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria.
Mapping of hormones and cortisol responses in patients after Lyme neuroborreliosis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Persistent symptoms after treatment for neuroborreliosis are common for reasons mainly unknown. These symptoms are often unspecific and could be caused by dysfunctions in endocrine systems, an issue that has not been previously addressed systematically. We therefore mapped hormone levels in patients with previous confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis of different outcomes and compared them with a healthy control group.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty patients of a retrospective cohort of patients treated for definite Lyme neuroborreliosis were recruited 2.3 to 3.7 years (median 2.7) after diagnosis, together with 23 healthy controls. Lyme neuroborreliosis patients were stratified into two groups according to a symptom/sign score. All participants underwent anthropometric and physiological investigation as well as an extensive biochemical endocrine investigation including a short high-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation (Synacthen<sup>®</sup>) test. In addition to hormonal status, we also examined electrolytes, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and interleukin-6.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eight patients (40%) had pronounced symptoms 2-3 years after treatment. This group had a higher cortisol response to synacthen as compared with both controls and the Lyme neuroborreliosis patients without remaining symptoms (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). No other significant differences in the various baseline biochemical parameters, anthropometric or physiological data could be detected across groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Apart from a positive association between the occurrence of long-lasting complaints after Lyme neuroborreliosis and cortisol response to synacthen, no corticotropic insufficiency or other serious hormonal dysfunction was found to be associated with remaining symptoms after treatment for Lyme neuroborreliosis.</p
A precision determination of the mass of the meson
Several processes of meson production in proton-deuteron collisions have been
measured simultaneously using a calibrated magnetic spectrograph. Among these
processes, the meson is seen clearly as a sharp missing--mass peak on a
slowly varying background in the reaction. Knowing
the kinematics of the other reactions with well determined masses, it is
possible to deduce a precise mass for the meson. The final result,
,
is significantly lower than that found by the recent NA48 measurement, though
it is consistent with values obtained in earlier counter experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, Fig. 3 change
Intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer with a slow-release formulation of cytarabine
DepoCyte is a slow-release formulation of cytarabine designed for intrathecal administration. The goal of this multi-centre cohort study was to determine the safety and efficacy of DepoCyte for the intrathecal treatment of neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer. DepoCyte 50 mg was injected once every 2 weeks for one month of induction therapy; responding patients were treated with an additional 3 months of consolidation therapy. All patients had metastatic breast cancer and a positive CSF cytology or neurologic findings characteristic of neoplastic meningitis. The median number of DepoCyte doses was 3, and 85% of patients completed the planned 1 month induction. Median follow up is currently 19 months. The primary endpoint was response, defined as conversion of the CSF cytology from positive to negative at all sites known to be positive, and the absence of neurologic progression at the time the cytologic conversion was documented. The response rate among the 43 evaluable patients was 28% (CI 95%: 14–41%); the intent-to-treat response rate was 21% (CI 95%: 12–34%). Median time to neurologic progression was 49 days (range 1–515(+)); median survival was 88 days (range 1–515(+)), and 1 year survival is projected to be 19%. The major adverse events were headache and arachnoiditis. When drug-related, these were largely of low grade, transient and reversible. Headache occurred on 11% of cycles; 90% were grade 1 or 2. Arachnoiditis occurred on 19% of cycles; 88% were grade 1 or 2. DepoCyte demonstrated activity in neoplastic meningitis due to breast cancer that is comparable to results reported with conventional intrathecal agents. However, this activity was achieved with one fourth as many intrathecal injections as typically required in conventional therapy. The every 2 week dose schedule is a major advantage for both patients and physicians. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co
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