INTERVENCIONES ENFERMERAS EN TRASTORNOS DUALES: ADICCIONES RELACIONADAS CON TRASTORNOS DE CONDUCTA EN LA INFANCIA

This study aims to analyze the causes and progression of Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD), in childhood / adolescence, and its impact on the development of a possible Substance Abuse Disorder (SAD) in order to establish action strategies from nursing, using the taxonomy NANDA-NOC-NIC. The methodology is the systematic search of major databases (Cochrane Library, Tripdatabase, Medline, Lilacs, and CUIDEN), setting narrative and systematic reviews, meta-analysis, Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) and non-randomized and observational or descriptive studies indexed in the last ten years, as the selection criteria. Under these criteria finally we selected a total of 20 articles for their special relevance and relationship to the subject of this study. Based on this review, and taking particular account of the nursing study of Miotto Wright, which proposes the Critical-Holistic Model, the protocol outlines a plan of nursing care. The analysis reveals the existence of a cause-effect relationship between the DBD, increasingly common among children and adolescents, and the development of SAD and the great influence the family and community have on this progression. That is why, we believe that the nursing role can be crucial, in the levels of early diagnosis, secondary prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.El presente estudio trata de analizar las causas y la evolución de los trastornos del comportamiento perturbador (TCP), en la infancia/adolescencia, y su repercusión en el desarrollo de un posible trastorno por abuso de sustancias (TAS), con el fin de establecer estrategias de actuación desde Enfermería, empleando para ello la taxonomía NANDA-NOC-NIC.La metodología utilizada es la búsqueda sistemática en las principales bases de datos (Biblioteca Cochrane, Tripdatabase, Medline, Lilacs, y CUIDEN), estableciendo como criterios de selección las revisiones sistemáticas y narrativas, metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA´S) y no aleatorizados y estudios descriptivos u observacionales de calidad indexados en los últimos diez años. Bajo estos criterios seleccionamos finalmente un total de 20 artículos, por su especial relevancia y relación con el tema objeto del presente estudio.En base a esta revisión, y teniendo en cuenta especialmente estudios enfermeros como el de Miotto Wright, que propone el Modelo Crítico-Holístico, esbozamos el protocolo de un Plan de Cuidados.Del análisis realizado se desprende la existencia de una relación de causa-efecto entre los TCP, cada vez más frecuentes entre niños y adolescentes y el desarrollo de un TAS, así como la gran influencia que en esta evolución tiene el entorno familiar y comunitario. Es por ello que consideramos que el papel de Enfermería puede ser fundamental, en los niveles de diagnóstico precoz, prevención secundaria, tratamiento y rehabilitación

EL TRASTORNO LÍMITE DE PERSONALIDAD: LA FILOSOFÍA DIALÉCTICA COMO BASE DE LA INTERACCIÓN ENFERMERO PACIENTE

Borderline personality disorder was defined in the nineteenth century as the boundary between psychosis and neurosis. It has three major clinical components: a shaky sense of self, a high level of impulsivity and high affective instability. Due in part to the lack of knowledge of the underlying dynamics, working with patients with BPD is often difficult for nursing staff. The present study aims to propose guidelines that encourage interactive psychotherapy in the care of patients with this disorder. To this objective we conducted a bibliographic search in Nursing and other health science databases (Cochrane, Tripdatabase, Medline, CINAHL and care), using Mesh descriptors: "Borderline personality disorder" AND "therapy" and “Borderline Personality" AND "nursing cares", indexed from 01/01/2000, finally selecting a total of 17 studies for their relevance and relationship to the subject under study. Based on the results, we suggest the use of dialectical philosophy, the basis of dialectical-behavioral therapy developed by Marsha Linehan, a tool that will lead to a better nurse-patient relationship, greater adherence to treatment and greater efficiency in managing time and resources. El trastorno límite de personalidad fue definido ya en el siglo XIX, como límite entre la psicosis y la neurosis. Presenta tres componentes clínicos principales: un inestable sentido del yo, un alto nivel de impulsividad y una elevada inestabilidad afectiva . Debido en parte, a la falta de conocimiento de la dinámica subyacente, el trabajo con pacientes con TLP resulta a menudo difícil para el personal de Enfermería.El presente estudio tiene por objeto proponer orientaciones psicoterapéuticas que favorezcan la interacción en el cuidado de pacientes con este trastorno. Para este fin se lleva a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales basos de datos de Enfermería y del resto de ciencias de la salud (Cochrane, Tripdatabase, Medline, CINAHL y CUIDEN), empleando los descriptores Mesh: “Borderline personality disorder” AND “therapy” y“Borderline personality” AND “nursing cares”, indexados a partir del 01/01/2000, seleccionando finalmente un total de 17 estudios por su relevancia y relación con el tema.Atendiendo a los resultados obtenidos, proponemos el empleo de la filosofía dialéctica, base de la terapia dialéctico-comportamental desarrollada por Marsha Linehan, como herramienta que va a conducir a una mejor relación enfermero-paciente, una mayor adherencia al tratamiento y una mayor eficiencia en la gestión de tiempo y recursos

Species-speciWc defense strategies of vegetative versus reproductive blades of the PaciWc kelps Lessonia nigrescens and Macrocystis integrifolia

Chemical defense is assumed to be costly and therefore algae should allocate defense investments in a way to reduce costs and optimize their overall fitness. Thus, lifetime expectation of particular tissues and their contribution to the fitness of the alga may affect defense allocation. Two brown algae common to the SE Pacific coasts, Lessonia nigrescens Bory and Macrocystis integrifolia Bory, feature important ontogenetic differences in the development of reproductive structures; in L. nigrescens blade tissues pass from a vegetative stage to a reproductive stage, while in M. integrifolia reproductive and vegetative functions are spatially separated on different blades. We hypothesized that vegetative blades of L. nigrescens with important future functions are more (or equally) defended than reproductive blades, whereas in M. integrifolia defense should be mainly allocated to reproductive blades (sporophylls), which are considered to make a higher contribution to fitness. Herein, within-plant variation in susceptibility of reproductive and vegetative tissues to herbivory and in allocation of phlorotannins (phenolics) and N-compounds was compared. The results show that phlorotannin and N-concentrations were higher in reproductive blade tissues for both investigated algae. However, preferences by amphipod grazers (Parhyalella penai) for either tissue type differed between the two algal species. Fresh reproductive tissue of L. nigrescens was more consumed than vegetative tissue, while the reverse was found in M. integrifolia, thus confirming the original hypothesis. This suggests that future fitness function might indeed be a useful predictor of anti-herbivore defense in large, perennial kelps. Results from feeding assays with artificial pellets that were made with air-dried material and extract-treated Ulva powder indicated that defenses in live algae are probably not based on chemicals that can be extracted or remain intact after air-drying and grinding up algal tissues. Instead, anti-herbivore defense against amphipod mesograzers seems to depend on structural traits of living algae

Dynamics of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending a day care center in northern Spain. influence of detection techniques on the results

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage precedes invasive infection and is the source for dissemination of the disease. Differences in sampling methodology, isolation or identification techniques, as well as the period (pre -or post-vaccination) when the study was performed, can influence the reported rates of colonization and the distribution of serotypes carried.</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>To evaluate the prevalence and dynamics of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization in healthy children aged 6-34 months attending a day care center with a high level of hygiene and no overcrowding. The study was performed 3-4 years after the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine was introduced, using multiple methodologies to detect and characterize the isolates.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Over 12 months, 25 children were sampled three times, 53 children twice and 27 children once. Three <it>Streptococcus pneumoniae </it>typing techniques were used: Quellung, Pneumotest-Latex-kit and multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The similarity of isolates of the same serotype was established by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and occasionally the multilocus sequence type (ST) was also determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall pneumococcal carriage and multiple colonization rates were 89.5% (94/105) and 39%, respectively. Among 218 pneumococci detected, 21 different serotypes and 13 non-typeable isolates were found. The most prevalent serotypes were 19A, 16F and 15B. Serotypes 15B, 19A and 21 were mainly found as single carriage; in contrast serotypes 6B, 11A and 20, as well as infrequent serotypes, were isolated mainly as part of multiple carriage. Most 19A isolates were ST193 but most serotypes showed high genetic heterogeneity. Changes in the pneumococci colonizing each child were frequent and the same serotype detected on two occasions frequently showed a different genotype. By multiplex-PCR, 100% of pneumococci could be detected and 94% could be serotyped versus 80.3% by the Quellung reaction and Pneumotest-Latex in combination (p < 0.001).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Rates of <it>S. pneumoniae </it>carriage and multiple colonization were very high. Prevalent serotypes differed from those found in similar studies in the pre-vaccination period. In the same child, clearance of a pneumococcal strain and acquisition of a new one was frequent in a short period of time. The most effective technique for detecting pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriers was multiplex-PCR.</p

Comment on "Evidence from acoustic imaging for submarine volcanic activity in 2012 off the west coast of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain)" by Pérez NM, Somoza L, Hernández PA, González de Vallejo L, León R, Sagiya T, Biain A, González FJ, Medialdea T, Barrancos J, Ibáñez J, Sumino H, Nogami K and Romero C [Bull Volcanol (2014) 76:882-896]

Versión del editor2,205

Morbidity, outcomes and cost-benefit analysis of wildlife rehabilitation in Catalonia (Spain)

Background There are few studies of careful examination of wildlife casualties in Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers. These studies are essential for detecting menaces to wild species and providing objective criteria about cost-benefit of treatments in those centers. The release rate is considered the main outcome indicator, but other parameters such as length of stay at the center and a cost-benefit index expressed as number of released animals per euro and day, could be used as reliable estimators of the rehabilitation costs. Methodology A retrospective study based on 54772 admissions recorded from 1995-2013 in the database of the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Torreferrussa (Catalonia, NW Spain) assessed the morbidity, outcomes and cost-benefits of the rehabilitation practices. Results Three hundred and two species were included: 232 birds (n = 48633), 37 mammals (n = 3293), 20 reptiles (n = 2705) and 13 amphibians (n = 141). The most frequent causes of admission were: 39.8% confiscation of protected species (89.4% passerines), 31.8% orphaned young animals (35.3% swifts, 21.7% diurnal raptors and owls) and 17.4% trauma casualties (46.7% raptors and owls). The highest proportion of releases was found in the captivity confiscation category [87.4% passerines (median time of stay: 12 days)], followed by the orphaned category [78% owls (66 days), 76.5% diurnal birds of prey (43 days), 75.6% hedgehogs (49 days), 52.7% swifts (19 days) and 52% bats (55 days)]. For the trauma group, 46.8% of releases were hedgehogs (44 days) and 25.6% owls (103 days). As regards the cost-benefit index, the trauma casualties and infectious diseases had the worse values with 1.3 and 1.4 released animals/euro/day respectively, and were particularly low in raptors, waders, marine birds and chiroptera. On the contrary, captivity (4.6) and misplacement (4.1) had the best index, particulary in amphibian, reptiles and passerines. Conclusions/significance Cost-benefit studies including the release rate, the time of stay at the center and the costbenefit index should be implemented for improving management efficiency of the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centers

Impaired Embryonic Development in Mice Overexpressing the RNA-Binding Protein TIAR

TIA-1-related (TIAR) protein is a shuttling RNA-binding protein involved in several steps of RNA metabolism. While in the nucleus TIAR participates to alternative splicing events, in the cytoplasm TIAR acts as a translational repressor on specific transcripts such as those containing AU-Rich Elements (AREs). Due to its ability to assemble abortive pre-initiation complexes coalescing into cytoplasmic granules called stress granules, TIAR is also involved in the general translational arrest observed in cells exposed to environmental stress. However, the in vivo role of this protein has not been studied so far mainly due to severe embryonic lethality upon tiar invalidation.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Glaciation Effects on the Phylogeographic Structure of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) in the Southern Andes

The long-tailed pygmy rice rat Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (Sigmodontinae), the major reservoir of Hantavirus in Chile and Patagonian Argentina, is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, Temperate and Patagonian Forests of Chile, as well as in adjacent areas in southern Argentina. We used molecular data to evaluate the effects of the last glacial event on the phylogeographic structure of this species. We examined if historical Pleistocene events had affected genetic variation and spatial distribution of this species along its distributional range. We sampled 223 individuals representing 47 localities along the species range, and sequenced the hypervariable domain I of the mtDNA control region. Aligned sequences were analyzed using haplotype network, Bayesian population structure and demographic analyses. Analysis of population structure and the haplotype network inferred three genetic clusters along the distribution of O. longicaudatus that mostly agreed with the three major ecogeographic regions in Chile: Mediterranean, Temperate Forests and Patagonian Forests. Bayesian Skyline Plots showed constant population sizes through time in all three clusters followed by an increase after and during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; between 26,000–13,000 years ago). Neutrality tests and the “g” parameter also suggest that populations of O. longicaudatus experienced demographic expansion across the species entire range. Past climate shifts have influenced population structure and lineage variation of O. longicaudatus. This species remained in refugia areas during Pleistocene times in southern Temperate Forests (and adjacent areas in Patagonia). From these refugia, O. longicaudatus experienced demographic expansions into Patagonian Forests and central Mediterranean Chile using glacial retreats