Mineral nutrition of vegetable crops: XXV - Mineral nutrition of new zealand spinach plant (Tetragonia expansa Murr.)

The present work was carried out in order to study: a - the effect of omission and presence of the macronutrients and boron on the growth of the plants; b - deficiency symptoms of macronutrients, as well of boron; c - the effect of the deficiency of each nutrient on the chemical composition of the plants. Young spinach plants were grown in pots containing pure quartz sand. Several times a day the plants were irrigated by percolation with nutrient solutions. The treatments were: complete solution and deficient solution, in which each one of the macronutrients was omitted as well boron. Soon as the malnutrition symptoms appered, the plants were harvested and analysed chemically. - symptoms of malnutrition are easily observed for N, K, Ca and B. - symptoms of malnutrition for P, S and Mg are not easily identified. - the nutrient content, in dry matter, in deficient leaves and healthy leaves is:O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar alguns aspectos da nutrição mineral do espinafre (Tetragonia expansa Murr.) no que concerne: 1 - Efeitos da omissão dos macronutrientes e do boro, na obtenção de um quadro sintomatológico; 2 - Efeitos das carências na produção de matéria seca e composição química da planta. Mudas com trinta dias de idade foram transplantadas para soluções nutritivas carentes nos macronutrientes e/ou em boro. A coleta das plantas foi realizada quando os sintomas de deficiência se tornaram evidentes. No material seco procedeu-se a análise química. Os dados mostram que: 1 - os sintomas visuais de deficiência de N, K, Ca e B apresentam-se bem definidos; sendo que os de P, Mg e S são de difícil caracterização ; 2 - os teores dos nutrientes em plantas sadias e deficientes são

Meta-analysis of type 2 Diabetes in African Americans Consortium

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more prevalent in African Americans than in Europeans. However, little is known about the genetic risk in African Americans despite the recent identification of more than 70 T2D loci primarily by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In order to investigate the genetic architecture of T2D in African Americans, the MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium examined 17 GWAS on T2D comprising 8,284 cases and 15,543 controls in African Americans in stage 1 analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association analysis was conducted in each study under the additive model after adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components. Meta-analysis of approximately 2.6 million genotyped and imputed SNPs in all studies was conducted using an inverse variance-weighted fixed effect model. Replications were performed to follow up 21 loci in up to 6,061 cases and 5,483 controls in African Americans, and 8,130 cases and 38,987 controls of European ancestry. We identified three known loci (TCF7L2, HMGA2 and KCNQ1) and two novel loci (HLA-B and INS-IGF2) at genome-wide significance (4.15 × 10(-94)<P<5 × 10(-8), odds ratio (OR)  = 1.09 to 1.36). Fine-mapping revealed that 88 of 158 previously identified T2D or glucose homeostasis loci demonstrated nominal to highly significant association (2.2 × 10(-23) < locus-wide P<0.05). These novel and previously identified loci yielded a sibling relative risk of 1.19, explaining 17.5% of the phenotypic variance of T2D on the liability scale in African Americans. Overall, this study identified two novel susceptibility loci for T2D in African Americans. A substantial number of previously reported loci are transferable to African Americans after accounting for linkage disequilibrium, enabling fine mapping of causal variants in trans-ethnic meta-analysis studies.Peer reviewe

A putative amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein, NMB1612, from Neisseria meningitidis, induces murine bactericidal antibodies against meningococci expressing heterologous NMB1612 proteins

Abstract not availableMiao-Chiu Hung, María Victoria Humbert, Jay R. Laver, Renee Phillips1, John E. Heckels, Myron Christodoulide

An Updated Definition and Severity Classification of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations:The Rome Proposal

none17siThe current definition of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation (ECOPD) is based solely on worsening respiratory symptoms, with severity classified post hoc by the healthcare resource used to treat the event, which may vary among practitioners and healthcare systems. These shortcomings support a need to revise the ECOPD definition and severity classification to one that is useful at time of patient contact. To achieve this, an expert panel used a modified Delphi method of five rounds of questions generated by a thorough review of the literature, supplemented by virtual discussions. For the 80 identified questions, the agreement level was rated using a Likert scale from 0 (strongly disagree) to 9 (strongly agree). Consensus was defined a priori as a median score ≥7 (strong agreement). The proposed definition states: "In a patient with COPD, an exacerbation is an event characterized by dyspnea and/or cough and sputum that worsens over ≤14 days, that may be accompanied by tachypnea and/or tachycardia, often associated with increased local and systemic inflammation caused by airway infection, pollution, or other insult to the airways." Three severity categories (mild, moderate, or severe) were defined using integration of six clinically measurable variables: intensity of dyspnea, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, C-reactive protein, and, if indicated, arterial blood gases. In conclusion, by incorporating measurable clinical and laboratory variables at the time of exacerbation, the Rome proposal for an updated definition of ECOPD could help standardize care and outcomes for clinicians and researchers alike.noneCelli, Bartolome R; Fabbri, Leonardo M; Aaron, Shawn D; Agusti, Alvar; Brook, Robert; Criner, Gerard J; Franssen, Frits M E; Humbert, Marc; Hurst, John R; O'Donnell, Denis; Pantoni, Leonardo; Papi, Alberto; Rodriguez-Roisin, Robert; Sethi, Sanjay; Torres, Antoni; Vogelmeier, Claus F; Wedzicha, Jadwiga ACelli, Bartolome R; Fabbri, Leonardo M; Aaron, Shawn D; Agusti, Alvar; Brook, Robert; Criner, Gerard J; Franssen, Frits M E; Humbert, Marc; Hurst, John R; O'Donnell, Denis; Pantoni, Leonardo; Papi, Alberto; Rodriguez-Roisin, Robert; Sethi, Sanjay; Torres, Antoni; Vogelmeier, Claus F; Wedzicha, Jadwiga