1,283 research outputs found
Los servicios ambientales de los bosques
La relación social con el bosque y los servicios que éste ofrece han experimentado modificaciones a lo largo de la historia. La incorporación de los nuevos conceptos de valor total a los bosques y la ampliación de su marco de interés desde las ciencias forestales hacia otros agentes sociales y otras disciplinas del conocimiento han abierto la puerta a una apreciación renovada de los servicios ofrecidos por los ecosistemas forestales. En la actualidad se intentan desarrollar mecanismos que permitan captar parte de este valor como estrategia para conservar y gestionar los bosques de un modo sostenible. En este artículo se revisan los sistemas de valoración de los servicios ambientales de los bosques y su comercialización, concluyendo con algunas observaciones sobre las dificultades de su implementación práctica y el papel que puedan desempeñar en el futuro de los bosques
Evolución de fascies abanico aluvial-fluvial-lacustre en el Plioceno de la Depresión de Guadix-Baza
El corte del Río de Gor muestra la evolución lateral de los materiales de la Fm. Guadix (fluvial) a la Fm. Gorafe-Huelago (lacustre). Desde el borde de la cuenca hacia el interior (en 6 km) se reconocen, en los materiales pliocenos, los siguientes medios sedimentarios yuxtapuestos: A. Abanico aluvial medio. B. Abanico aluvial medio. C. Ríos trenzados (braided). D. Meandriforme proximal. E. Meandriforme distal. F. Llanura lutítica. G. Medio lacustr
Perfiles de ansiedad social y auto-atribuciones académicas en estudiantes de Educación Secundaria ¿De qué hablamos realmente? Precisiones teóricas metodológicas, metodológicas y estadísticas
The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between academic self-attributions and subclinical social anxiety in a sample of Spanish adolescents and examine statistically significant differences in academic self-attributions among subgroups of socially anxious youth. Random cluster sampling was conducted. The final sample consisted of 717 Spanish students enrolled in Secondary Education (51% girls) aged 14 to 17 years (M = 15.68, SD = 1.16). The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS) were administered. Cluster analysis identified three clusters: (1) students with high social anxiety (n = 102) and high scores on fear of negative evaluation (FNE), anxiety toward strangers or new social situations (SAD-N), and anxiety in social situations in general (SAD-G); (2) students with moderate social anxiety (n = 290) and moderate scores on FNE, SAD-N, and SAD-G; and (3) students with low social anxiety (n = 325) and low scores on FNE, SAD-N, and SAD-G. Multivariate analyses (MANOVA) examined differences in the academic self-attributions across the three clusters of subclinical social anxiety, finding statistically significant differences in the six types of academic self-attributions (Wilks Lambda = .89, F(12,714) = 7.11, p < .001, η2 = .06), including success attributed to ability, success attributed to effort, success attributed to external causes, failure attributed to ability, failure attributed to effort, and failure attributed to external causes. The implications of these findings for Psychology and Education professionals are discussed.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre las autoatribuciones académicas y la ansiedad social subclínica en una muestra de adolescentes españoles, así como comprobar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en autoatribuciones académicas entre subgrupos de jóvenes con ansiedad social subclínica. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. La muestra final estuvo formada por 717 estudiantes españoles de Educación Secundaria (51 % mujeres) de 14 a 17 años (M = 15.68; DT = 1.16). Se administraron la Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) y la Sydney Attribution Scale (SAS). El análisis de conglomerados identificó tres clústeres: (1) estudiantes con alta ansiedad social (n = 102) y puntuaciones altas en miedo a la evaluación negativa (FNE), ansiedad en situaciones sociales nuevas o ante extraños (SAD-N) y ansiedad en situaciones sociales en general (SAD-G); (2) estudiantes con ansiedad social moderada (n = 290) y puntuaciones moderadas en FNE, SAD-N y SAD-G; y (3) estudiantes con baja ansiedad social (n = 325) y bajas puntuaciones en FNE, SAD-N y SAD-G. Los análisis multivariados (MANOVA) examinaron las diferencias en autoatribuciones académicas entre los tres grupos de ansiedad social subclínica, encontrando diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los seis tipos de autoatribuciones académicas (Lambda de Wilks = .89, F(12,714) = 7.11, p <.001, η2 = .06), incluyendo éxito atribuido a la capacidad, éxito atribuido al esfuerzo, éxito atribuido a causas externas, fracaso atribuido a la capacidad, fracaso atribuido al esfuerzo y fracaso atribuido a causas externas. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para profesionales de la Psicología y de la Educación
Perfiles de ansiedad social de riesgo para dificultades interpersonales en una muestra de adolescentes españoles
Social anxiety has been widely studied over the past four decades. However, limited attention has been given to the relationship between social anxiety and interpersonal difficulties during adolescence. Adolescents exhibiting symptoms of social anxiety (SA) may also face challenges in their interpersonal interactions at school. This study aimed to identify distinct profiles of adolescents with social anxiety and examine whether these profiles differed in terms of the severity of their interpersonal difficulties (ID). A random cluster sampling was performed. The sample comprised 1,685 Spanish students (49.0% female) from 15 to 18 years old (M = 16.28, SD = 0.97). Participants completed the Spanish version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Questionnaire About Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA). Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) revealed four social anxiety profiles: mild SA, moderate SA, severe SA, and extreme SA. Multivariate analyses (MANOVA) indicated statistically significant differences in interpersonal difficulties across the four clusters with effect sizes between d = 0.23 and d = 0.91. The mild SA profile showed the lowest mean scores in interpersonal difficulties whereas the extreme SA profile showed the highest ones. Intervention strategies are suggested as preventive or corrective measures to support adolescents who fall in high-risk profiles.La ansiedad social ha sido ampliamente estudiada en las últimas cuatro décadas. Sin embargo, se ha prestado escasa atención a la relación entre la ansiedad social y las dificultades interpersonales durante la adolescencia. Los adolescentes que presentan síntomas de ansiedad social (AS) también se enfrentan a desafíos en sus interacciones interpersonales en la escuela. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los distintos perfiles de adolescentes con ansiedad social y examinar si difieren en cuanto a la gravedad de sus dificultades interpersonales (DI). Se ha realizado un muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados. La muestra incluye 1685 estudiantes españoles (49.0% chicas) de 15 a 18 años (M = 16.28, DT = 0.97). Los participantes han completado la versión en español de la Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) y el Questionnaire About Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA). El Análisis de Perfiles Latentes (LPA) revela cuatro perfiles de ansiedad social: AS leve, AS moderada, AS grave y AS extrema. Los análisis multivariados (MANOVA) indican diferencias estadísticamente significativas en dificultades interpersonales entre los cuatro grupos, con tamaños del efecto entre d = 0.23 y d = 0.91. El perfil de AS leve presenta las puntuaciones medias más bajas en dificultades interpersonales, mientras que el perfil de AS extrema presenta las más altas. Se sugieren estrategias de intervención como medidas preventivas o correctivas para apoyar a los adolescentes que presentan perfiles de alto riesgo
Impact of a COVID-19 Outbreak in an Elderly Care Home after Primary Vaccination
[EN] Elderly care home residents are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to immunesenescence, pre-existing medical conditions, and the risk of transmission from staff and visitors.
This study aimed to describe the outcomes of a COVID-19 outbreak in a long-term care facility
for elderly persons following the initial vaccination. A single-center, retrospective, observational
design was used to analyze the variables associated with hospitalization and death rate by logistic
regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
Sixty-eight residents received the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Despite being negative six days
after vaccination, the performance of a second test 4 days later revealed 51 positives (75.0%) among
residents and 18 among workers (56.3%). A total of 65 of the 68 residents (95.58%) had positive
results with symptoms, whereas 34.9% required hospitalization, and 25.8% died. The best-fitting
model to explain the distribution of cases reflects three points at the time of infection.. The time
from vaccination to symptom onset explains the hospitalization and mortality rates since a day
elapsed halves the risk of hospitalization (aOR = 0.57; CI = 0.38−0.75) and the risk of death by a
quarter (aOR = 0.74; CI = 0.63−0.88). Nursing homes present an elevated risk of transmission and
severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although vaccination reduces the risk of hospitalization and
death, extreme prevention and control measures are essential in these institutions despite the high
vaccination coverage.S
Evaluación de la competencia clínica en el posgrado de medicina familiar mediante el Examen Clínico Objetivo Estructurado
ObjetivoValorar la competencia clínica de los residentes de primer año del Curso de Especialización en Medicina Familiar aplicando un examen clínico objetivo estructurado (ECOE) para evaluar en forma simultánea las áreas cognoscitiva, afectiva y psicomotriz.DiseñoDescriptivo, observacional.EmplazamientoClínicas de medicina familiar del área metropolitana de la Ciudad de México.ParticipantesOchenta y nueve médicos en capacitación del curso de especialización en medicina familiar, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Mediciones principalesPrevio diseño de listas de cotejo, validación de contenido por expertos, diseño de material de apoyo para la evaluación y prueba piloto, se aplicó un ECOE con 10 temas o estaciones, ocho de ellas dinámicas y dos estáticas. El criterio para considerar un nivel de desempeño competente fue de 60 puntos de un máximo de 100, tanto en cada estación como en el promedio global. El análisis estadístico fue univariado, utilizando estadística descriptiva.ResultadosEl promedio global de las calificaciones en todas las estaciones fue inferior a 60. El promedio porcentual más alto fue 73 en la estación de control de niño sano. En las cinco estaciones con mejor puntuación, la dispersión fue menor que en las cinco estaciones con la puntuación más baja. En la estación de estudio de familia se obtuvo una puntuación baja.ConclusionesEl rendimiento académico evaluado mediante ECOE para valorar la competencia clínica fue bajo. La aplicación de este tipo de examen permitió evaluar de forma más objetiva la competencia clínica. Se requiere probar escalas de evaluación de intervalo para valorar de forma más adecuada la calidad de la realización de las actividades clínicas.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical competence of first-year residents on the course specialising in family medicine, by applying a structured objective clinical test (SOCT) for simultaneous assessment of cognitive, affective and psychomotor areas.DesignObservational and descriptive.SettingFamily medicine clinics in the metropolitan area of Mexico City.Participants89 doctors on the specialist course in Family Medicine at the Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).Main measurementsAfter prior design of comparison lists, expert validation of content, and design of support material for the evaluation and pilot study, a SOCT with ten themes or sections, eight dynamic and two static, was administered. The cut-off point for competent performance was 60 out of 100, both in each section and in the overall average. The statistical analysis was univariate, using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe overall average of scores in all sections was under 60. The highest average was 73, in the section for monitoring healthy children. In the five highest-scoring sections, the scattering was lower than in the other five. There were low scores in the family study section.ConclusionsAcademic performance, as evaluated by a SOCT measuring clinical competence, was low. This kind of test enabled clinical competence to be assessed more objectively. Interval evaluation scales need to be tested so as to evaluate better the quality of the performance of clinical activities
A statistical approximation of common Roman ceramics from the Isturgi deposits (Andújar, Andalusia)
Common ceramics constitute a very abundant material in the archaeological record. This study focuses on analyzing and statistically interpreting, from the perspective of archaeological material culture, the features of Roman coarse-ware ceramics from the Isturgi deposits (Andújar, Andalusia). The main goal of this research was to study ceramics from an archaeological perspective with reference to quantitative and qualitative aspects. The fragments of pottery belong to three essential types - kitchenware, tableware, and pottery for storage and transportation - and have different characteristics. The data set consists of 3,626 fragments of ceramics of Roman origin, divided in three clearly differentiated groups: 1) common calcareous ceramics, b) oxidized kitchen ceramics, and 3) reduced kitchen ceramics, having a very different quantity of fragments (1,635; 1,714; and 277, respectively) distributed in 16 excavation zones. The analysis of the information has been carried out on the basis of univariate methods, analysis of correlation and regression, analysis of the variance (ANOVA) and multivariate factorial analysis (Factorial Analysis with Varimax Rotation mainly). In this form it is possible to characterize ceramics on the basis of whether they were fired in an oxidizing or a reducing atmosphere
Datació absoluta de ceràmica pretalaiòtica de l'illa de Menorca
La datació mitjançant termoluminiscència de ceràmiques prehistòriques de la naveta d'enterrament de tipus intermedi de Biniac-l'Argentina de l'illa de Menorca, proporciona edats que perrneten documentar el grup cultural pretalaiotic en dates que van del segle XXIV al XVI a.e. Aquests resultats complementen l'esquema cronològic de la prehistòria de Menorca en un període del qual no es disposava de cap tipus de dates absolutes. Les dates aportades perrneten suposar per a la naveta una major antiguitat de l'acceptada generalment. Així doncs, caldrà esperar noves dates absolutes que confirmin aquesta tendència a situar a grans trets el complex cultural pretalaiòtic en un moment que compren el III mil·leni i la primera meitat del II a.e.Therrnoluminescence dating of prehistoric pottery from the intermediate type burial naveta in Biniac-l' Argentina (Minorca island), provides ages that perrnit to place the pretalaiothic cultural group between the XXIV and XVII centuries b.e. These results fill some gaps in the chronological scheme of Minorca prehistory during a period in which no absolute dates were available. The dates indicate that the naveta is older than generally accepted. Therefore, to confirrn that the pretalaiothic cultural complex existed in a period comprised between the III rnillennium and the first half of the II b.C, we should wait for new absolute dates
Opinions and beliefs held by Spanish teenagers regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption: A descriptive study
Background: Preventive strategies are the most effective approach for dealing with issues of substance abuse, particularly in teenagers. Such strategies adapt well to this target population. Our objective was to reveal the opinions and beliefs held by teenagers about tobacco and alcohol as types of drugs, and their effects on health.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire based on the World Health Organization “Health Behaviour of School-aged Children” study. Our sample included 1,005 schoolchildren aged between 11 and 13 years, resident in the province of Co´rdoba in Spain. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed using a chi-squared test.
Results: Of respondents, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.2–27.6%) and 61% (95% CI: 58.0–64.1%), respectively, did not consider tobacco or alcohol to be drugs. No relationship was found between tobacco and alcohol use, and the belief that these are drugs (p = 0.477 and p = 0.217, respectively). A total 98.2% of adolescents surveyed (95% CI: 97.3–99.1%) believed that tobacco causes physical damage, mainly to the lungs, heart, and to the developing fetus. Additionally, 92.4% (95% CI: 90.6–94.0%) believed that alcohol is detrimental to health and identified the liver as the organ most frequently damaged by alcohol consumption. The media was identified as the main source of information about these substances by 78.0% of respondents (95% CI: 75.4–80.6%).
Conclusions: Teenagers possess an acceptable level of knowledge and information about the negative effects of tobacco and alcohol on health; however, many of them do not consider these substances to be drug
Paleopatología dental de siete cabezas egipcias momificadas del Museo de Antropología Forense de la Univ. Complutense de Madrid
X Congreso Nacional de Paleopatología. Univesidad Autónoma de Madrid, septiembre de 200
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