6,508 research outputs found
Method and apparatus for shaping and enhancing acoustical levitation forces
A method and apparatus for enhancing and shaping acoustical levitation forces in a single-axis acoustic resonance system wherein specially shaped drivers and reflectors are utilized to enhance to levitation force and better contain fluid substance by means of field shaping is described
Revision of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species of the family Stegocephalidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with description of two new species
The Antarctic and sub-Antarctic elements of the family Stegocephalidae DANA, 1855 (Crustacea: Amphipoda) are revised, and a key to the species is presented. Two new species are described: Andaniexis ollii n.sp. and Phippsiella watlingi n.sp. The family is represented in the Southern Ocean by 19 species belonging to 11 genera, of which one is reported as new to the area
Ultrafast spatio-temporal dynamics of terahertz generation by ionizing two-color femtosecond pulses in gases
We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of spatio-temporal
propagation effects in terahertz (THz) generation in gases using two-color
ionizing laser pulses. The observed strong broadening of the THz spectra with
increasing gas pressure reveals the prominent role of spatio-temporal reshaping
and of a plasma-induced blue-shift of the pump pulses in the generation
process. Results obtained from (3+1)-dimensional simulations are in good
agreement with experimental findings and clarify the mechanisms responsible for
THz emission
SUSY QCD one-loop effects in (un)polarized top-pair production at hadron colliders
We study the effects of O(alpha_s) supersymmetric QCD (SQCD) corrections on
the total production rate and kinematic distributions of polarized and
unpolarized top-pair production in pp and p anti-p collisions. At the Fermilab
Tevatron p anti-p collider, top-quark pairs are mainly produced via
quark-antiquark annihilation, q anti-q -> t anti-t, while at the CERN LHC pp
collider gluon-gluon scattering, g g -> t anti-t, dominates. We compute the
complete set of O(alpha_s) SQCD corrections to both production channels and
study their dependence on the parameters of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard
Model. In particular, we discuss the prospects for observing strong,
loop-induced SUSY effects in top-pair production at the Tevatron Run II and the
LHC.Comment: 56 pages, 29 figures, RevTeX
Kinetic Inductance of Josephson Junction Arrays: Dynamic and Equilibrium Calculations
We show analytically that the inverse kinetic inductance of an
overdamped junction array at low frequencies is proportional to the admittance
of an inhomogeneous equivalent impedance network. The bond in this
equivalent network has an inverse inductance
, where is the Josephson
coupling energy of the bond, is the ground-state phase
of the grain , and is the usual magnetic phase factor. We use this
theorem to calculate for square arrays as large as .
The calculated is in very good agreement with the low-temperature
limit of the helicity modulus calculated by conventional equilibrium
Monte Carlo techniques. However, the finite temperature structure of ,
as a function of magnetic field, is \underline{sharper} than the
zero-temperature , which shows surprisingly weak structure. In
triangular arrays, the equilibrium calculation of yields a series of
peaks at frustrations , where is an integer , consistent with experiment.Comment: 14 pages + 6 postscript figures, 3.0 REVTe
Night MattersâWhy the Interdisciplinary Field of âNight Studiesâ Is Needed
The night has historically been neglected in both disciplinary and interdisciplinary research. To some extent, this is not surprising, given the diurnal bias of human researchers and the difficulty of performing work at night. The night is, however, a critical element of biological, chemical, physical, and social systems on Earth. Moreover, research into social issues such as inequality, demographic changes, and the transition to a sustainable economy will be compromised if the night is not considered. Recent years, however, have seen a surge in research into the night. We argue that ânight studiesâ is on the cusp of coming into its own as an interdisciplinary field, and that when it does, the field will consider questions that disciplinary researchers have not yet thought to ask
Roughening Transition in a One-Dimensional Growth Process
A class of nonequilibrium models with short-range interactions and sequential
updates is presented. The models describe one dimensional growth processes
which display a roughening transition between a smooth and a rough phase. This
transition is accompanied by spontaneous symmetry breaking, which is described
by an order parameter whose dynamics is non-conserving. Some aspects of models
in this class are related to directed percolation in 1+1 dimensions, although
unlike directed percolation the models have no absorbing states. Scaling
relations are derived and compared with Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 3 Postscript figures, 1 Postscript formula, uses RevTe
Double Exchange in a Magnetically Frustrated System
This work examines the magnetic order and spin dynamics of a double-exchange
model with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic Heisenberg
interactions between the local moments. The Heisenberg interactions are
periodically arranged in a Villain configuration in two dimensions with
nearest-neighbor, ferromagnetic coupling and antiferromagnetic coupling
. This model is solved at zero temperature by performing a
expansion in the rotated reference frame of each local moment.
When exceeds a critical value, the ground state is a magnetically
frustrated, canted antiferromagnet. With increasing hopping energy or
magnetic field , the local moments become aligned and the ferromagnetic
phase is stabilized above critical values of or . In the canted phase, a
charge-density wave forms because the electrons prefer to sit on lines of sites
that are coupled ferromagnetically. Due to a change in the topology of the
Fermi surface from closed to open, phase separation occurs in a narrow range of
parameters in the canted phase. In zero field, the long-wavelength spin waves
are isotropic in the region of phase separation. Whereas the average spin-wave
stiffness in the canted phase increases with or , it exhibits a more
complicated dependence on field. This work strongly suggests that the jump in
the spin-wave stiffness observed in PrCaMnO with at a field of 3 T is caused by the delocalization of the electrons rather
than by the alignment of the antiferromagnetic regions.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figure
Dielectrophoresis-Driven Spreading of Immersed Liquid Droplets
In recent years electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) has become an effective tool to control partial wetting. EWOD uses the liquidâsolid interface as part of a capacitive structure that allows capacitive and interfacial energies to adjust by changes in wetting when the liquidâsolid interface is charged due to an applied voltage. An important aspect of EWOD has been its applications in micro fluidics in chemistry and biology and in optical devices and displays in physics and engineering. Many of these rely on the use of a liquid droplet immersed in a second liquid due to the need either for neutral buoyancy to overcome gravity and shield against impact shocks or to encapsulate the droplet for other reasons, such as in microfluidic-based DNA analyses. Recently, it has been shown that nonwetting oleophobic surfaces can be forcibly wetted by nonconducting oils using nonuniform electric fields and an interface-localized form of liquid dielectrophoresis (dielectrowetting). Here we show that this effect can be used to create films of oil immersed in a second immiscible fluid of lower permittivity. We predict that the square of the thickness of the film should obey a simple law dependent on the square of the applied voltage and with strength dependent on the ratio of difference in permittivity to the liquid-fluid interfacial tension, ÎΔ/ÎłLF. This relationship is experimentally confirmed for 11 liquidâair and liquidâliquid combinations with ÎΔ/ÎłLF having a span of more than two orders of magnitude. We therefore provide fundamental understanding of dielectrowetting for liquid-in-liquid systems and also open up a new method to determine liquidâliquid interfacial tensions
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