Some evidence for high energy gamma-ray sources at large galactic latitudes

The arrival directions of the gamma-quanta with energies of about 10 to 15th power eV which were registrated by Tien Shan experiment were compared with COS-B observations. On the basis of the Monte Carlo simulations it was shown with low probability that arrival directions of Tien Shan gamma-quanta initiated showers are not uniformly distributed. It is shown that in the region not seen by COS-B mission, the high energy gamma-ray sources should be located at position of 90 deg. 1 sup 11 130 deg and b sup 11 or = 50 deg. The integral intensity of these sources should be I ( 10 to the 15th power eV) = 4.8 + or - 1.7).10 to the 13th power/sq cm/s/str. There is no coincidence between the gamma-quanta registrated by Tien Shan experiment with Geminga intense COS-B gamma source. So it is shown that the integral photon spectrum of Geminga (I(e) approx E sup-Beta, where Beta = 0.8 for E 1 GeV) becomes steeper (Beta 1.2) in high energy region with probability 99.9.%

Evaluation of mechanical and physicochemical properties of protection coatings obtained by sol-gel method

Thin coatings, obtained by the sol-gel method, could find potential applications in medical, chemical and food industry. To achieve this, coatings need to have proper physicochemical, mechanical and protective properties. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) coatings have been applied onto the surface of a stainless steel (316L) by the solgel method using two techniques: dip-coating and painting. To determine the physicochemical composition of triple SiO₂ and TiO₂ coatings, samples were examined by Raman spectroscopy. Surface images obtained with the use of a scanning electron microscopy allow us to determine the surface morphology and continuity of the coatings. The surface morphology was examined before and after tensile tests. The static tensile tests and fatigue strength tests were conducted on a hydraulic testing machine MTS 810 with a measuring range of up to 100 kN. A preliminary research has confirmed that the coatings obtained by the sol-gel method have physicochemical, mechanical and protective properties that make it possible to use them as protective coatings.Тонкі покриви на основі SiO₂ та TiO₂, отримані золь-гель методом, застосовують у медицині, хімічній та харчовій промисловості. Для досягнення необхідних їх фізико-хімічних, механічних і захисних властивостей використано оптимальні режими золь-гель методу, щоб одержати покриви на основі диоксидів титану та кремнію на поверхні нержавної сталі типу 316L. Для оцінки властивостей покривів вжито методи раманівської спектроскопії, а поверхню досліджено за допомогою сканівного електронного мікроскопа. Морфологію поверхні вивчали до та після випробувань на розтяг на гідравлічній машині MTS 810 з навантаженнями до 100 kN. Встановлено, що покриви володіють необхідними фізико-хімічними та механічними властивостями, щоб їх застосовувати як захисні.Тонкие покрытия на основе SiO₂ и TiO₂, полученные золь-гель методом, применяют в медицине, химической и пищевой промышленности. Для достижения необходимых их физико-химических, механических и защитных свойств применены оптимальные режимы золь-гель метода для формирования покрытий на основе диоксидов титана и кремния на поверхности нержавеющей стали типа 316L. Для оценки свойств покрытий использованы методы рамановской спектроскопии, а поверхность исследована с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа. Морфологию поверхности изучали до и после испытаний на растяжение на гидравлической машине MTS 810 с нагрузками до 100 kN. Выявлено, что покрытия владеют необходимыми физико-химическими и механическими свойствами, чтобы их применять в качестве защитных

Local texture and percolative paths for long-range conduction in high critical current density TlBa₂Ca₂Cu₃O₈₊ₓ deposits

©1994 American Institute of Physics. The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://link.aip.org/link/?APPLAB/64/106/1DOI:10.1063/1.110908A possible microstructural origin of the high critical current densities which have been obtained in c-axis-aligned, polycrystalline TlBa₂Ca₂Cu₃O₈₊ₓdeposits has been identified. The results of x-ray diffraction determinations of basal plane texture of Tl-1223 deposits prepared by spray pyrolysis are observed to depend on the size of the x-ray beam. Furthermore, most grain boundaries were found from transmission electron microscopy to have small misorientation angles. It is concluded that although overall the basal plane orientations are nearly random, there is a high degree of local texture indicative of colonies of similarly oriented grains. The spread in a-axis orientation within a colony is ~10°–15°. Intercolony conduction, it is suggested, may be enhanced by a percolative network of small-angle grain boundaries at colony interfaces

Introduction: Language, Sound, and the Humanities

Presenting the joint historical and methodological framework of the theme issue “Sounds of Language—Languages of Sound,” this introduction situates the individual contributions within a broader history of the humanities. The eight contributions address the period between approximately 1890 and 1970—from the modern disciplinary formation of knowledge about sound and the rise of the social sciences and humanities to the beginnings of computerized sound research. During this period, disciplines as diverse as linguistics, musicology, history, sociology, law, and theology all aspired to give scholarly attention to sound, and in particular to the spoken word. Starting from the observation that late nineteenth-century scholars of language turned from expert readers of historical texts into expert listeners to living languages, we trace the dual use of language as an object and a tool of knowledge production. As a research theme, language often broke through frontiers between the humanities, the social sciences, and the natural sciences, as well as between academic and nonacademic domains of knowledge. At the same time, new languages and modes of speaking arose as tools to examine, represent, and utilize sonic phenomena—whether in speech, music, or other sonic environments. The theme issue’s three claims are, first, that sound both enabled and necessitated new alliances between otherwise divergent fields of knowledge; second, that sound and language motivated humanities scholars to reconsider or even reinvent their methodologies; and, third, that research on sound and language was deeply permeated by issues of power and politics

Monitoring the CMS strip tracker readout system

The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker at the LHC comprises a sensitive area of approximately 200 m2 and 10 million readout channels. Its data acquisition system is based around a custom analogue front-end chip. Both the control and the readout of the front-end electronics are performed by off-detector VME boards in the counting room, which digitise the raw event data and perform zero-suppression and formatting. The data acquisition system uses the CMS online software framework to configure, control and monitor the hardware components and steer the data acquisition. The first data analysis is performed online within the official CMS reconstruction framework, which provides many services, such as distributed analysis, access to geometry and conditions data, and a Data Quality Monitoring tool based on the online physics reconstruction. The data acquisition monitoring of the Strip Tracker uses both the data acquisition and the reconstruction software frameworks in order to provide real-time feedback to shifters on the operational state of the detector, archiving for later analysis and possibly trigger automatic recovery actions in case of errors. Here we review the proposed architecture of the monitoring system and we describe its software components, which are already in place, the various monitoring streams available, and our experiences of operating and monitoring a large-scale system

Data acquisition software for the CMS strip tracker

The CMS silicon strip tracker, providing a sensitive area of approximately 200 m2 and comprising 10 million readout channels, has recently been completed at the tracker integration facility at CERN. The strip tracker community is currently working to develop and integrate the online and offline software frameworks, known as XDAQ and CMSSW respectively, for the purposes of data acquisition and detector commissioning and monitoring. Recent developments have seen the integration of many new services and tools within the online data acquisition system, such as event building, online distributed analysis, an online monitoring framework, and data storage management. We review the various software components that comprise the strip tracker data acquisition system, the software architectures used for stand-alone and global data-taking modes. Our experiences in commissioning and operating one of the largest ever silicon micro-strip tracking systems are also reviewed

Clustering Attitudes and Behaviors of High/Low Involvement Grocery Shopper

The purpose of this exploratory and quantitative study was to examine the attitudes and behaviors of 14,807 grocery shop- pers. These respondents across the US were asked to answer attitudinal, behavioral, and demographic related questions. Shoppers were profiled by analyzing their responses to 16 relevant attitudinal and behavioral questions. A cluster analysis was performed followed by a discriminant analysis to deter- mine attitudinal and behavioral variables explaining cluster membership. A cross-tabulation analysis assessed demo- graphic variables that correlated with cluster membership. Two clusters were identified: high and low involvement grocery shoppers. In an event that has long been perceived as low involvement, a large percentage (53%) can be categorized as high involvement grocery shoppers. These shoppers tend to be younger. They were more likely to enjoy the hunt of finding products/deals, seek the advice of others and perceive that the products they buy reflect upon them. Grocery stores have a significant opportunity to target this high involvement shop- per. Grocery stores will need to create an integrative, engaging online and in-store experience to attract high involvement shoppers and ultimately increase store loyalty. The results of this research has significant communication, branding and digital marketing implications

Photoinduced electrooptics in the In2O3 nanocrystals incorporated into PMMA matrixes

We have observed an appearance of clear morphological structure in composites containing In2O3 nanocrystals (NCs) incorporated into polymethyl methacrylite (PMMA) matrices under optical treatment by a polarized femtosecond laser. The initial photoinduced treatment was carried out using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser emitting 140 fs p-polarized light at a maximum spectral wavelength 775 nm with pulse repetition 1 kHz. It was found that the average morphological radius is varied maximally only during illumination at liquid helium temperature (T = 4.2 K). The morphological average mean radius is strictly dependent on the sizes of incorporated In2O3 NCs. Afterwards we measured the linear electrooptic effect at cw He–Ne laser wavelength 633 nm during simultaneous treatment by 1060 and 530 nm coherent beams of a Nd–YAG picosecond laser. We have established that a decrease of the average morphological mean radius favours an increase of the optically poled linear electrooptic coefficient. The diameters of In2O3 NCs were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light-scattering techniques, whereas the NC sizes and morphological average mean radius of formed nanocomposites were estimated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). A relationship between the diameter of the NC, composite morphological mean average radius and effective linear electrooptic coefficient was established.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58122/2/cm7_1_016204.pd

Search for charged Higgs decays of the top quark using hadronic tau decays

We present the result of a search for charged Higgs decays of the top quark, produced in $p\bar{p}$ collisions at $\surd s =$ 1.8 TeV. When the charged Higgs is heavy and decays to a tau lepton, which subsequently decays hadronically, the resulting events have a unique signature: large missing transverse energy and the low-charged-multiplicity tau. Data collected in the period 1992-1993 at the Collider Detector at Fermilab, corresponding to 18.7$\pm$0.7~pb$^{-1}$, exclude new regions of combined top quark and charged Higgs mass, in extensions to the standard model with two Higgs doublets.Comment: uuencoded, gzipped tar file of LaTeX and 6 Postscript figures; 11 pp; submitted to Phys. Rev.