Territorial impacts of sea-level rise in marsh environments. The case of the Bay of Cádiz, Spain

How can sea-level rise affect territory? Has territorial planning adjusted to this new situation? This paper analyses the possible ramifications of changes in tidal recurrence over the course of this century in a potentially vulnerable marsh environment, such as the Bay of Cádiz, in southern Spain, where sea-level rise is already a fact. For that purpose, the regionalisation criterion is used as a basis for adjusting the magnitude of global problems to subregional scale. Geographic information systems are applied to portray the forecasted territorial changes according to the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the years 2050 and 2100. Projections of sea-level rise show that the tide is travelling farther inland, not just invading unoccupied areas of marshes and beaches but also reaching urban and productive areas. Estimates indicate that the floodable area could expand by more than 20% in 2050, with a further 2,000 ha of flooded areas added in 2100 for either of the two scenarios used. The occurrence of these changes, regardless of the model used, would therefore entail an alteration of the environmental, social, cultural and economic values and elements of the Bay of Cádiz, with the Natural Park being the most affected area. In response to these consequences, the need to apply the resulting projections to other variables is insisted on, with a view to introducing territorial management tailored to this new and already present reality. Application of the regionalisation criterion to study repercussions of the climate crisis in the Bay of Cádiz could serve as a precedent for the development of adaptation strategies in other marsh environments at subregional or local level

El Sector Turístico Andaluz durante la Crisis Económica y su Impacto en el Desarrollo Regional

Son frecuentes las referencias a los efectos benéficos del sector turístico para el Desarrollo Regional; incluso es habitual esgrimir precisiones al respecto, prácticamente sin medir el hecho. En este trabajo pretendemos, basándonos en la modelización mediante Matrices de Contabilidad Social (MCS), conocer cómo se ha mostrado una región tan especializada en turismo como Andalucía, especialmente en el momento más profundo de la crisis económica. Destacamos por un lado el interés de aplicar las MCS (en los años 2010 y 2014), que nos permiten calificar el sector turístico andaluz como un sector productivo clave para la economía regional. Además, estableceremos relaciones con la coyuntura última del turismo regional, para considerar si este comportamiento es sostenible en términos territoriales y económicos, o simplemente es episódico. Se analizará la variable empleo más prolijamente, dado que es el problema por excelencia en regiones semiperiféricas de desarrollo intermedio, y además con una anomalía muy negativa en Andalucía. Nos interesa destacar el papel del turismo en la economía andaluza y sus efectos sobre el desarrollo

The Andalusian Tourism Sector during the Economic Crisis and its Impact on Regional Development

It is not common practice to assess tourism’s effects on regional development, although its benefits for host economies are widely known. This paper attempts to discern such activity’s role in a geographic setting by applying structural analysis techniques based on social accounting matrices (SAMs). This methodological approach is applied to the case of Andalusia during the period 2010-2014, encompassing both the financial crisis period and the apparent resurgence.The research aims to reflect on the andalusian economy from the perspective of tourism and know its impacts on the regional territory. The proposed methodology is applied to a region where tourism became more prominent during the financial crisis. The results indicate that tourism’s significance in the host economy is due its own particular behaviour and also to the performance of other economic sectors during the study period. Tourism has shown considerable carry-over capacity in the territory, although challenges have arisen in employment, demand and technological density aspects. All of them should be addressed so that tourism can provide a sustainable support for regional development. Tourism sector’s appeared as a strategic sector, partly due to its specific performance, though also to the other sectors’ performance, either declining industries such as construction or with lighter presence, as in the case of industrial activities. Tourism has also shown itself to be a pro-cyclical sector, with landmarks. Yet the tourism sector has shown proven resilience and a considerable ability to foster economic development in the territory.</p

Role of the satiety factor oleoylethanolamide in alcoholism

Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a satiety factor that controls motivational responses to dietary fat. Here we show that alcohol administration causes the release of OEA in rodents, which in turn reduces alcohol consumption by engaging peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α). This effect appears to rely on peripheral signaling mechanisms as alcohol self-administration is unaltered by intracerebral PPAR-α agonist administration, and the lesion of sensory afferent fibers (by capsaicin) abrogates the effect of systemically administered OEA on alcohol intake. Additionally, OEA is shown to block cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior (an animal model of relapse) and reduce the severity of somatic withdrawal symptoms in alcohol-dependent animals. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a homeostatic role for OEA signaling in the behavioral effects of alcohol exposure and highlight OEA as a novel therapeutic target for alcohol use disorders and alcoholism

Symptom-related screening programme for early detection of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: the SYSPPE study

Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the most severe long-term complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to evaluate the impact of a symptom screening programme to detect CTEPH in PE survivors.Methods This was a multicentre cohort study of patients diagnosed with acute symptomatic PE between January 2017 and December 2018 in 16 centres in Spain. Patients were contacted by phone 2 years after the index PE diagnosis. Those with dyspnoea corresponding to a New York Heart Association (NYHA)/WHO scale≥II, visited the outpatient clinic for echocardiography and further diagnostic tests including right heart catheterisation (RHC). The primary outcome was the new diagnosis of CTEPH confirmed by RHC.Results Out of 1077 patients with acute PE, 646 were included in the symptom screening. At 2 years, 21.8% (n=141) reported dyspnoea NYHA/WHO scale≥II. Before symptom screening protocol, five patients were diagnosed with CTEPH following routine care. In patients with NYHA/WHO scale≥II, after symptom screening protocol, the echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was low, intermediate and high in 76.6% (n=95), 21.8% (n=27) and 1.6% (n=2), respectively. After performing additional diagnostic test in the latter 2 groups, 12 additional CTEPH cases were confirmed.Conclusions The implementation of this simple strategy based on symptom evaluation by phone diagnosed more than doubled the number of CTEPH cases. Dedicated follow-up algorithms for PE survivors help diagnosing CTEPH earlier.Thrombosis and Hemostasi

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

"Best-sellers" en economía, una lectura desde la geografía económica. Derivadas en el paisaje, el medio y la ordenación del territorio

En este artículo se utilizan las ideas de libros y manifiestos superventas editoriales y sus lecciones sobre la Geografía Económica internacional. Se hace un balance de los aportes de la denominada Nueva Geografía Económica y de su relación con los” best-sellers” en economía. Se ha tratado de poner en evidencia las novedades y recurrencias que sobre la Geografía Económica ejercen los autores de moda en Economía. Después de un método de selección atendiendo a criterios de venta electrónica y del interés mostrado por los medios de comunicación, se han elegido tres de éstos por su influencia y temática de interés para la Geografía Económica a escala global. Por fin, se han extraído conclusiones sobre el medio ambiente, el paisaje y la ordenación de territorio. En cualquier caso, existe un denominador común en la lectura de los textos: el rol creciente de las desigualdades territoriales y sociales en el mundo, la importancia de la calidad institucional en la interpretación de las mismas y en general, la necesidad de comunicación entre las ciencias sociales para comprender lo que pasa; más allá de aparatos formales sofisticados e irreales de índole economicista y considerados erróneamente objetos científicos en sí mismos

A new geography of Latin America: a geographical "discovery"?

En este artículo ha colaborado el doctorando en Geografía por la Universidad de Sevilla, Enrique Santos. Dentro del curso de doctorado «Políticas Regionales en América Latina» ha construido y comentado la cartografía y los anexos que se incluyen en este trabajoEl artículo trata de las contradicciones fundamentales entre el ambiente macroeconómico y el desarrollo territorial y social de América Latina en estos años de aplicación ortodoxa de políticas neoliberales. El efecto geográfico es la instalación de dos formas de país diferente en un mismo territorio político o natural: uno próspero, de maneras occidentales, y otro pobre, de identidad más diversa. El resultado es una nueva configuración geográfica del espacio económico, físico, humano y ambiental de América Latina, dificultosamente descubierta por el conocimiento geográfico ya que es una consecuencia directa de las estrategias de ajuste y estabilización dispuestas desde el neoliberalismo economicista.The article deals with the basic contradictions which exist between the macroeconomic climate and territorial and social development in Latin America; contradictions that have become evident during recent years in which orthodox implementation of neo-liberal policies has been witnessed. The geographical effect has been the emergence of two different kinds of countries within the same political or natural territory: on the one hand a prosperous one with western forms and, on the other, one characterized by poverty and a more diverse identity. This results in a new geographical configuration of the economic, physical, human and environmental areas in Latin America. Such changes are difficult to detect armed with geographical knowledge alone, since they are in themselves a direct result of the adjustment and stabilising strategies of neoliberal economies

¿Cómo se comporta Andalucía en la globalización del siglo XXI?

Después de tres décadas de autogobierno, y tras ser la región europea que más fondos comunitarios ha recibido, es una evidencia que Andalucía no ha convergido con el resto de regiones europeas, y continua en posiciones de retraso relativo. Este artículo plantea la necesidad de trascender una explicación “exógena” de esta situación, y vuelve la mirada tanto hacia el carácter extractivo y oligárquico de las élites andaluzas, en todas sus modalidades. Se propone tanto un cambio del modelo productivo y especialización en la globalización, como un cambio en las condiciones institucionales, de mayor inclusividad y competitividad empresarial

Tourism activity, employment and unemployment in the Spanish regions (1991-1995)

Este trabajo fue seleccionado y presentado como Ponencia en el III Seminario Internacional Impactos Territoriales de los Procesos de Restructuración: Mercados de Trabajo y Desigualdades Sociales, La Rábida (Huelva) 23-25 septiembre 1996El artículo pretende realizar un primer acercamiento al análisis del mercado de trabajo en la actividad turística y su significación territorial y socioeconómica tanto a nivel estatal como regional. Tras un primer planteamiento conceptual y metodológico, se comprueba para las dos escalas citadas el comportamiento claramente positivo que ha tenido el sector turístico —en especial el segmento hotelero— en cuanto al sostenimiento y expansión del empleo entre 1991 y 1995. A pesar de estos datos cuantitativos, se deja entrever cierta preocupación por el crecimiento de la eventualidad, una velada descualificación profesional y el alto grado de estacionalidad en determinadas regiones. En cualquier caso, el artículo examina las diferencias espaciales, a escala regional, de la actividad turística española, mirada desde la perspectiva del mercado de trabajo.This article seeks an initial approach to analyzing the Tourist Industry labour market and its spacial and socioeconomic significance at a state as well as at a regional level. First of all, concepts and methodology are expounded. Secondly, it is proved that the tourist sector, especially the hotel trade, has had a clearly positive behaviour at the two named scales, because of the steady situation and the expansion of employment between 1991 and 1995. In spite of these quantitative data, there are also some negative factors to be worried about wich are the increase of the temporary work, a veiled decrease of the proffesional training of workers and the high quantity of seasonal work in several regions. Anyway, the article examines the spacial diferences, at a regional scale, of the spanish Tourist Industry, looked from the labour market perspective