786 research outputs found
Navigation/traffic control satellite mission study. Volume 3 - System concepts
Satellite network for air traffic control, solar flare warning, and collision avoidanc
Awareness of lifestyle and colorectal cancer risk:findings from the BeWEL study
It is estimated that 47% of colorectal cancers (CRC) could be prevented by appropriate lifestyles. This study aimed to identify awareness of the causes of CRC in patients who had been diagnosed with a colorectal adenoma through the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and subsequently enrolled in an intervention trial (using diet and physical activity education and behavioural change techniques) (BeWEL). At baseline and 12-month follow-up, participants answered an open-ended question on factors influencing CRC development. Of the 329 participants at baseline, 40 (12%) reported that they did not know any risk factors and 36 (11%) failed to identify specific factors related to diet and activity. From a potential knowledge score of 1 to 6, the mean score was 1.5 (SD 1.1, range 0 to 5) with no difference between intervention and control groups. At follow-up, the intervention group had a significantly greater knowledge score and better weight loss, diet, and physical activity measures than the control group. Awareness of relevant lifestyle factors for CRC remains low in people at increased risk of the disease. Opportunities within routine NHS screening to aid the capability (including knowledge of risk factors) of individuals to make behavioural changes to reduce CRC risk deserve exploration.Additional co-author: The BeWEL team. The BeWEL Team consists of Shaun Treweek, Fergus Daly, Jill Belch, Jackie Rodger, Alison Kirk, Anne Ludbrook, Petra Rauchhaus, Patricia Norwood, Joyce Thompson, and Jane Wardle
Vector meson couplings to vector and tensor currents in extended NJL quark model
A simple explanation of the dynamic properties of vector mesons is given in
the framework of extended Nambu - Jona-Lasinio quark model. New mass relations
among the hadron vector resonances are derived. The results of this approach
are in good accordance with the QCD sum rules, the lattice calculations and the
experimental data.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Meeting the challenges of recruitment to multicentre, community-based, lifestyle-change trials : a case study of the BeWEL trial
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Can CT measures of tumour heterogeneity stratify risk for nodal metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
AIM:
To undertake a preliminary assessment of the potential for computed tomography (CT) measurement of tumour heterogeneity to stratify risk of nodal metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Tumour heterogeneity in CT images from combined positron-emission tomography (PET)/CT examinations in 150 consecutive patients with NSCLC was assessed using CT texture analysis (CTTA). The short axis diameter of the largest mediastinal node was also measured. Forty-two patients without distant metastases subsequently had tumour nodal status confirmed at surgery (n=26) or endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS; n=16). CTTA parameters and largest nodal diameter were related to nodal status using the rank correlation and the risk ratio for each nodal stage (>N0, >N1, >N2) was compared between patients categorised as high and low risk by CTTA or nodal size. The most significant predictor of nodal status was related to overall survival using KaplanâMeier analysis.
RESULTS:
N-stage was more significantly correlated with CTTA than nodal diameter (Rs = -0.39, p=0.011, Rs = -0.45, p=0.0025, Rs = -0.40, p=0.0091 for normalised standard deviation (SD), normalised entropy and kurtosis respectively; Rs = -0.39, p=0.042 for nodal diameter). The presence of two or more high-risk CTTA values was the greatest risk factor for mediastinal metastasis (risk ratio: 11.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.56â77.8, p=0.0014) and was associated with significantly poorer overall survival (p=0.016).
CONCLUSION:
CTTA in NSCLC is related to nodal status in patients without distant metastases and has the potential to inform selection of investigative strategies for the assessment of mediastinal malignancy
Contribution of selected foods to intakes of energy, fat, saturated fat and non-milk extrinsic sugars
Weak gauge principle and electric charge quantization
Starting from a weak gauge principle we give a new and critical revision of
the argument leading to charge quantization on arbitrary spacetimes. The main
differences of our approach with respect to previous works appear on spacetimes
with non trivial torsion elements on its second integral cohomology group. We
show that in these spacetimes there can be topologically non-trivial
configurations of charged fields which do not imply charge quantization.
However, the existence of a non-exact electromagnetic field always implies the
quantization of charges. Another consequence of the theory for spacetimes with
torsion is the fact that it gives rise to two natural quantization units that
could be identified with the electric quantization unit (realized inside the
quarks) and with the electron charge. In this framework the color charge can
have a topological origin, with the number of colors being related to the order
of the torsion subgroup. Finally, we discuss the possibility that the
quantization of charge may be due to a weak non-exact component of the
electromagnetic field extended over cosmological scales.Comment: Latex2e, 24 pages, no figure
Hadron Correlators and the Structure of the Quark Propagator
The structure of the quark propagator of in a confining background is
not known. We make an Ansatz for it, as hinted by a particular mechanism for
confinement, and analyze its implications in the meson and baryon correlators.
We connect the various terms in the K\"allen-Lehmann representation of the
quark propagator with appropriate combinations of hadron correlators, which may
ultimately be calculated in lattice . Furthermore, using the positivity of
the path integral measure for vector like theories, we reanalyze some mass
inequalities in our formalism. A curiosity of the analysis is that, the exotic
components of the propagator (axial and tensor), produce terms in the hadron
correlators which, if not vanishing in the gauge field integration, lead to
violations of fundamental symmetries. The non observation of these violations
implies restrictions in the space-time structure of the contributing gauge
field configurations. In this way, lattice can help us analyze the
microscopic structure of the mechanisms for confinement.Comment: 12 pp in LaTeX, preprint Univ. of Valencia, FTUV/94-16, IFIC/94-15.
To appear in Z.Phys.
Pion and Rho Structure Functions from Lattice QCD
We calculate the lower moments of the deep-inelastic structure functions of
the pion and the rho meson on the lattice. Of particular interest to us are the
spin-dependent structure functions of the rho. The calculations are done with
Wilson fermions and for three values of the quark mass, so that we can perform
an extrapolation to the chiral limit.Comment: 30pp, LaTeX2e with 15 eps figures using epsfig. Postscript file also
available from ftp://ftp.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/pub/cbest/pionrho.ps or
http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~cbest/pionrho.p
Formalism for dilepton production via virtual photon bremsstrahlung in hadronic reactions
We derive a set of new formulas for various distributions in dilepton
production via virtual photon bremsstrahlung from pseudoscalar mesons and
unpolarized spin-one-half fermions. These formulas correspond to the leading
and sub-leading terms in the Low-Burnett-Kroll expansion for real photon
bremsstrahlung. The relation of our leading-term formulas to previous works is
also shown. Existing formulas are examined in the light of Lorentz covariance
and gauge invariance. Numerical comparison is made in a simple example, where
an "exact" formula and real photon data exist. The results reveal large
discrepancies among different bremsstrahlung formulas. Of all the leading-term
bremsstrahlung formulas, the one derived in this work agrees best with the
exact formula. The issues of M_T-scaling and event generators are also
addressed.Comment: 37 pages, RevTeX, epsf.sty, 10 embedded figure
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