What proportion of riverine nutrients reaches the open ocean?

Globally, rivers deliver significant quantities of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the coastal ocean each year. Currently, there are no viable estimates of how much of this N and P escapes biogeochemical processing on the shelf to be exported to the open ocean; most models of N and P cycling assume that either all or none of the riverine nutrients reach the open ocean. We address this problem by using a simple mechanistic model of how a low-salinity plume behaves outside an estuary mouth. The model results in a global map of riverine water residence times on the shelf, typically a few weeks at low latitudes and up to a year at higher latitudes, which agrees well with observations. We combine the map of plume residence times on the shelf with empirical relationships that link residence time to the proportions of dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and P (DIP) exported and use a database of riverine nutrient loads to estimate the global distribution of riverine DIN and DIP supplied to the open ocean. We estimate that 75% of DIN and 80% of DIP reaches the open ocean. Ignoring processing within estuaries yields annual totals of 17 Tg DIN and 1.2 Tg DIP reaching the open ocean. For DIN this supply is about 50% of that supplied via atmospheric deposition, with significant east-west contrasts across the main ocean basins. The main sources of uncertainty are exchange rates across the shelf break and the empirical relationships between nutrient processing and plume residence time

Resistance phenotypes to erythromycin in Staphylococcus spp isolated from dog?s infections

A total of 98 strains of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus spp isolated from otitis and skin infections in dogs from Buenos Aires city and outskirts were tested for their resistance phenotype profile to erythromycin (Eri). Of these, 73.5% (72) of Staphylococcus showed cMLS phenotype, 10.2% (10) showed iMLS phenotype and 16.3% (16) showed M phenotype. Staphylococci with L phenotype were not found. The Eri MIC for all the strains was over 256 µg/ ml. Throughout these studies, we can have more information about the evolution in the epidemiological resistance to erythromycin, and errors in the interpretation of sensibility test could be reduced. \nFil: Denamiel, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Microbiología Veterinaria. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Más, J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Microbiología Veterinaria. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Puigdevall, T. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Microbiología Veterinaria. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Gentilini, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Microbiología Veterinaria. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaUn total de 98 cepas de Staphylococcus spp. resistentes a eritromicina, aislados a partir de infecciones en piel y oído de perros procedentes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y el conurbano, se caracterizó el perfil fenotípico de resistencia frente a eritomicina (Eri). El 73, 5 % (72) de los estafilococos presentó el fenotipo cMLS, el 10,2 % (10) el fenotipo iMLS y el 16,3 % (16) el fenotipo M. No se detectaron estafilococos con fenotipo L de resistencia. Todas las cepas presentaron una concentración mínima inhibitoria mayor a 256 µg/ml para eritromicina. A través del monitoreo de estos perfiles fenotípicos podremos aportar datos sobre la evolución epidemiológica de la eritromicina resistencia y minimizar los errores de interpretación en las lecturas de las pruebas de sensibilidad

Prevalence and resistance profile to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci from dogs and cats.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence and resistance profile to betalactam antibiotics of staphylococci isolated from canine and feline infections. Staphylococci were isolated from 207 dog samples. The species frequency for identified staphylococci were: S. intermedius 29.5%, S. aureus and S. simulans 20.8%, S. saprophyticus 12.6%, S. chromogenes 10.6%, S. haemolyticus 3.9% and S. epidermidis 1.9%. Sixty three staphylococci isolates were from cats: S. simulans 33.3%, S. intermedius and S. aureus 15.4%, S. saprophyticus 11.1%, S. haemolyticus 6.34%, S. chromogenes and S. epidermidis 3.5%.\nResistance to penicillin in samples from dogs were: S. intermedius 47.5%, S. aureus 34.8% and S. saprophyticus 7.7%. Methicillin-resistance was evidenced in S. intermedius 9.8% and S. saprophyticus 3.8%. In samples from cats, penicillin-resistant staphylococci were: S. saprophyticus 42.8%, S. aureus and S. intermedius 15.4% and S. simulans 9.5%. Methicillinresistant staphylococci were not found among cat isolates.Fil: Denamiel, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Microbiología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Puigdevall, T. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Microbiología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Más, J. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Inmunología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Albarellos, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Farmacología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Gentilini, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Microbiología. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEl objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la prevalencia de especies y perfil de resistencia a betalactámicos en estafilococos aislados de infecciones en caninos y felinos. En perros, de 207 aislamientos, el porcentaje de las especies identificadas fue: S. intermedius 29,5%, S. aureus y S. simulans 20,8%, S. saprophyticus 12,6%, S. chromogenes 10,6%, S. haemolyticus 3,9% y S. epidermidis 1,9%. De 63 aislamientos en gatos: S. simulans 33,3%, S. intermedius y S. aureus 15,4%, S. saprophyticus 11,1%, S. haemolyticus 6,34%, S. chromogenes y S. epidermidis 3,5%.\nEn perros, el porcentaje de resistencia a penicilina fue: S. intermedius 47,5%, S. aureus 34,8% y S. saprophyticus 7,7%. Los aislamientos que expresaron meticilina resistencia correspondieron: S. intermedius 9,8% y S. saprophyticus 3,8%. En gatos los estafilococos resistentes a penicilina fueron S. saprophyticus 42,8%, S. aureus y S. intermedius 15,4% y S. simulans 9,5%. No se hallaron especies de estafilococos meticilino resistentes

Wintertime dynamics in the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea: the NAdEx 2015 experiment

The paper investigates the wintertime dynamics of the coastal northeastern Adriatic Sea and is based on numerical modelling and in situ data collected through field campaigns executed during the winter and spring of 2015. The data were collected with a variety of instruments and platforms (acoustic Doppler current profilers, conductivity–temperature–depth probes, glider, profiling float) and are accompanied by the atmosphere–ocean ALADIN/ROMS modelling system. The research focused on the dense-water formation (DWF), thermal changes, circulation, and water exchange between the coastal and open Adriatic. According to both observations and modelling results, dense waters are formed in the northeastern coastal Adriatic during cold bora outbreaks. However, the dense water formed in this coastal region has lower densities than the dense water formed in the open Adriatic due to lower salinities. Since the coastal area is deeper than the open Adriatic, the observations indicate (i) balanced inward–outward exchange at the deep connecting channels of denser waters coming from the open Adriatic DWF site and less-dense waters coming from the coastal region and (ii) outward flow of less-dense waters dominating in the intermediate and surface layers. The latter phenomenon was confirmed by the model, even if it significantly underestimates the currents and transports in the connecting channels. The median residence time of the coastal area is estimated to be approximately 20 days, indicating that the coastal area may be renewed relatively quickly by the open Adriatic waters. The data that were obtained represent a comprehensive marine dataset that can be used to calibrate atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and point to several interesting phenomena to be investigated in the future

Towards the new Thematic Core Service Tsunami within the EPOS Research Infrastructure

Tsunamis constitute a significant hazard for European coastal populations, and the impact of tsunami events worldwide can extend well beyond the coastal regions directly affected. Understanding the complex mechanisms of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, as well as managing the tsunami risk, requires multidisciplinary research and infrastructures that cross national boundaries. Recent decades have seen both great advances in tsunami science and consolidation of the European tsunami research community. A recurring theme has been the need for a sustainable platform for coordinated tsunami community activities and a hub for tsunami services. Following about three years of preparation, in July 2021, the European tsunami community attained the status of Candidate Thematic Core Service (cTCS) within the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure. Within a transition period of three years, the Tsunami candidate TCS is anticipated to develop into a fully operational EPOS TCS. We here outline the path taken to reach this point, and the envisaged form of the future EPOS TCS Tsunami. Our cTCS is planned to be organised within four thematic pillars: (1) Support to Tsunami Service Providers, (2) Tsunami Data, (3) Numerical Models, and (4) Hazard and Risk Products. We outline how identified needs in tsunami science and tsunami risk mitigation will be addressed within this structure and how participation within EPOS will become an integration point for community development