9,508 research outputs found
Device modeling of long-channel nanotube electro-optical emitter
We present a simple analytic model of nanotube electro-optical emitters,
along with improved experimental measurements using PMMA-passivated devices
with reduced hysteresis. Both the ambipolar electrical characteristics and the
motion of the infrared-emission spot are well described. The model indicates
that the electric field is strongly enhanced at the emission spot, and that
device performance can be greatly improved by the use of thinner gate oxides
A new approach to upscaling fracture network models while preserving geostatistical and geomechanical characteristics
A new approach to upscaling two-dimensional fracture network models is proposed for preserving geostatistical and geomechanical characteristics of a smaller-scale “source” fracture pattern. First, the scaling properties of an outcrop system are examined in terms of spatial organization, lengths, connectivity, and normal/shear displacements using fractal geometry and power law relations. The fracture pattern is observed to be nonfractal with the fractal dimension D ≈ 2, while its length distribution tends to follow a power law with the exponent 2 < a < 3. To introduce a realistic distribution of fracture aperture and shear displacement, a geomechanical model using the combined finite-discrete element method captures the response of a fractured rock sample with a domain size L = 2 m under in situ stresses. Next, a novel scheme accommodating discrete-time random walks in recursive self-referencing lattices is developed to nucleate and propagate fractures together with their stress- and scale-dependent attributes into larger domains of up to 54 m × 54 m. The advantages of this approach include preserving the nonplanarity of natural cracks, capturing the existence of long fractures, retaining the realism of variable apertures, and respecting the stress dependency of displacement-length correlations. Hydraulic behavior of multiscale growth realizations is modeled by single-phase flow simulation, where distinct permeability scaling trends are observed for different geomechanical scenarios. A transition zone is identified where flow structure shifts from extremely channeled to distributed as the network scale increases. The results of this paper have implications for upscaling network characteristics for reservoir simulation
Investigation of refractory dielectric for integrated circuits Second quarterly report, Dec. 1968
Process development for chemical deposition of aluminum oxide films as refractory dielectrics for integrated circuit
Investigation of refractory dielectric for integrated circuits Third quarterly report, Feb. 1969
Research and development on refractory dielectrics for integrated circuit
Endothelium-derived microparticles from chronically thromboembolic pulmonary hypertensive patients facilitate endothelial angiogenesis.
11 p.-4 fig.-1 tab.Background: Increased circulating levels of endoglin+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs) have been identified in several cardiovascular disorders, related to severity. Endoglin is an auxilary receptor for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) important in the regulation of vascular structure.Results: We quantified the number of microparticles in plasma of six patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and age- and sex-matched pulmonary embolic (PE) and healthy controls and investigated the role of microparticle endoglin in the regulation of pulmonary endothelial function in vitro. Results show significantly increased levels of endoglin+ EMPs in CTEPH plasma, compared to healthy and disease controls. Co-culture of human pulmonary endothelial cells with CTEPH microparticles increased intracellular levels of endoglin and enhanced
TGF-β-induced angiogenesis and Smad1,5,8 phosphorylation in cells, without affecting BMPRII expression. In an in vitro model, we generated endothelium-derived MPs with enforced membrane localization of endoglin. Co-culture of these MPs with endothelial cells increased cellular endoglin content, improved cell survival and stimulated
angiogenesis in a manner similar to the effects induced by overexpressed protein.Conclusions: Increased generation of endoglin+ EMPs in CTEPH is likely to represent a protective mechanism supporting endothelial cell survival and angiogenesis, set to counteract the effects of vascular occlusion and endothelial damage.This research was supported by a project grant (PG 11/13/28765) from the British Heart Foundation and by grants from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (SAF2013-43421-R to CB)Peer reviewe
Quantum theory of optical temporal phase and instantaneous frequency. II. Continuous time limit and state-variable approach to phase-locked loop design
We consider the continuous-time version of our recently proposed quantum
theory of optical temporal phase and instantaneous frequency [Tsang, Shapiro,
and Lloyd, Phys. Rev. A 78, 053820 (2008)]. Using a state-variable approach to
estimation, we design homodyne phase-locked loops that can measure the temporal
phase with quantum-limited accuracy. We show that post-processing can further
improve the estimation performance, if delay is allowed in the estimation. We
also investigate the fundamental uncertainties in the simultaneous estimation
of harmonic-oscillator position and momentum via continuous optical phase
measurements from the classical estimation theory perspective. In the case of
delayed estimation, we find that the inferred uncertainty product can drop
below that allowed by the Heisenberg uncertainty relation. Although this result
seems counter-intuitive, we argue that it does not violate any basic principle
of quantum mechanics.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, v2: accepted by PR
Ku-band system design study and TDRSS interface analysis
The capabilities of the Shuttle/TDRSS link simulation program (LinCsim) were expanded to account for radio frequency interference (RFI) effects on the Shuttle S-band links, the channel models were updated to reflect the RFI related hardware changes, the ESTL hardware modeling of the TDRS communication payload was reviewed and evaluated, in LinCsim the Shuttle/TDRSS signal acquisition was modeled, LinCsim was upgraded, and possible Shuttle on-orbit navigation techniques was evaluated
Endohedral terthiophene in zigzag carbon nanotubes: Density functional calculations
The inclusion and encapsulation of terthiophene (T3) molecules inside zigzag
single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is addressed by density functional
calculations. We consider the T3 molecule inside five semiconducting CNTs with
diameters ranging from 9.6 to 12.7 Ang. Our results show that the T3 inclusion
process is exothermic for CNTs with diameters larger than 9.5 Ang. The highest
energy gain is found to be of 2 eV, decreasing as the CNT diameter increases.
This notable effect of stabilization is attributed to the positively charged
CNT inner space, as induced by its curvature, which is able to accommodate the
neutral T3 molecule. The band structure of the T3@CNT system shows that T3
preserves its electronic identity inside the CNTs, superimposing their
molecular orbitals onto the empty CNT band structure without hybridization. Our
results predict that the electronic states added by the T3 molecules would give
rise to optical effects and nonradiative relaxation from excited states.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted in PR
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