Asymmetrical structure of ionization and kinematics in the Seyfert galaxy NGC 5033

We present integral field spectroscopy of NGC 5033, a low luminosity Seyfert galaxy. The observations were made with INTEGRAL, a fiber based system operating at the WHT. The intensity map of the H$\beta$ emission line represents a spiral or ring-like pattern of HII regions. On the contrary, the [OIII] intensity map morphology is markedly anisotropic. The strong morphological differences imply that the [OIII] emitters represent highly ionized gas illuminated by the central source. The [OIII] map morphology is compatible with a biconical structure of ionization induced by strong extinction in the galaxy disc that also obscures half of the spheroidal stellar bulge. We identify the spectrum corresponding to the Seyfert 1 nucleus from the presence of H$\beta$ broad emission lines. This spectrum is located in a region where strong extinction is expected but exhibits the bluest spectral energy distribution. The Seyfert 1 nucleus seems to be offcenter with respect to the stellar rotation center. This result has been also found in other Seyfert galaxies and interpreted in terms of a past merger. The offcentering could indicate the presence of nonsymmetric departures in the gravitational potential which could be fueling the active nucleus. The kinematics of the [OIII] emitters show important deviations at a kpc scale with respect to the stellar velocity field and show features related to the asymmetrical morphology of the high ionization region.Comment: 9 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Figures 1 and 7 are attached as .gif file

Sport as an attempt to socialize youth and women during the Franco regime

En este trabajo se analiza si los diferentes gobiernos que se fueron sucediendo durante las dos primeras décadas del franquismo (1939-1959) utilizaron la actividad físico-deportiva, especialmente entre la juventud y la mujer, para transmitir mejor los mensajes del modelo de sociedad que proponían y conseguir así un mayor número de afines al nacionalsindicalismo. Mediante la revisión documental de fuentes primarias y secundarias se puede concluir que la actividad físico-deportiva no influyó mayoritariamente en las actitudes de sus practicantes, aunque sí que condicionó las posibilidades de practicarlo. El adoctrinamiento y el encuadramiento a través de esta actividad tuvo un escaso éxito, fueron pocos los que acogieron la ideología nacionalsindicalista por practicar actividad física.This paper studies how successive Governments over the first two decades of Francoism (1939-1959) made use of sport and physical activity, especially among youth and women, to best convey the messages of the model of society they sought to achieve and so to increase the number of adherents to the National-Syndicalist system. After detailed analysis of primary and secondary sources, it can be concluded that sport and physical activity did not influence attitudes in most sports people, instead it limited the chances of practising sport. Indoctrination and recruiting through physical activity had a slim success: few were those who embraced the National-Syndicalist ideology by engaging in physical activit

La educación física femenina y el ideal de mujer en la etapa franquista

El presente trabajo trata de exponer la situación que la mujer tuvo durante el franquismo y reflexionar sobre los conceptos y valores que se la asignaban desde diferentes campos ( político, laboral, cultural, religioso¿), que la condicionaron en su devenir a lo largo de esos años (1939-1975). La creación de Sección Femenina (S.F.) fomentó, en muchas ocasiones, un ideal de mujer a través de su objetivo fundamental: formarla integralmente; en otras ocasiones luchó por hacer caer convencionalismos asentados en la población, como los relacionados al campo de la Educación Física (E.F.) y el deporte; con la intención de que se conociera esta disciplina entre toda la población. De esta manera se creó un modelo exclusivo para este sexo (Educación Física Femenina- E.F.F.-), condicionado por supuestos científico-médicos y religiosos

Physical activity and youth in the Franco dictatorship (1937-1961)

El presente artículo analiza las competencias que en materia de actividad física tuvieron diferentes organismos políticos franquistas con respecto a la juventud, especialmente la Delegación Nacional del Frente de Juventudes y la Delegación Nacional de Deportes. Mediante la revisión de la documentación oficial de la época y la aportación de estudios ya realizados sobre la temática, se descubren los puntos de unión y de fricción que existieron entre ambas instituciones. Mientras que ambas Delegaciones priorizaron la actividad físico-deportiva como instrumento para el adoctrinamiento y la adhesión al régimen, sin embargo, fue el Frente de Juventudes el que más lo intentó. Sus instructores e instructoras se filtraron en el sistema educativo y promovieron las actividades extraescolares, especialmente los Juegos Escolares y las actividades de aire libre, aunque realizadas con un marcado sesgo de género y de selección de los más aptos durante las dos primeras décadas del franquismo.This article analyzes the competences that different nationalist political organisations had in the field of physical activity had with regard to youth, particularly the “Delegación Nacional del Frente de Juventudes” and the “Delegación Nacional de Deportes”. Through the revision of the official documentation of the era and the contribution of studies already carried out on the subject, we try to show some common aspects and friction points that existed between the two institutions. While both delegations prioritized sport and physical activity as a tool for the indoctrination and adherence to the regime, however, the “Frente de Juventudes” tried it harder. Their instructors infiltrated into the educational system and promoted after-school activities, especially school games and outdoor activities, which both attracted attention among schoolchildren during the first two decades of Franco Era

Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G196-3

A substellar-mass object in orbit at about 300 astronomical units (AU) from the young low-mass star G196-3 was detected by direct imaging. Optical and infrared photometry and low- and intermediate-resolution spectroscopy of the faint companion, hereafter referred to as G196-3B, confirms its cool atmosphere and allows its mass to be estimated at 25^{+15}_{-10} Jupiter masses. The separation between both objects and their mass ratio suggest the fragmentation of a collapsing cloud as the most likely origin for G196-3B, but alternatively it could have originated from a proto-planetary disc which has been dissipated. Whatever the formation process was, the young age of the primary star (about 100 Myr) demonstrates that substellar companions can form in short time scales.Comment: Published in Science (13 Nov). One color figur

Non-circular motion evidences in the circumnuclear region of M100 (NGC 4321)

We analyse new integral field spectroscopy of the inner region (central 2.5 kpc) of the spiral galaxy NGC 4321 to study the peculiar kinematics of this region. Fourier analysis of the velocity residuals obtained by subtracting an axisymmetric rotation model from the $\rm H\alpha$ velocity field, indicates that the distortions are {\em global} features generated by an $m=2$ perturbation of the gravitational potential which can be explained by the nuclear bar. This bar has been previously observed in the near-infrared but not in the optical continuum dominated by star formation. We detect the optical counterpart of this bar in the 2D distribution of the old stellar population (inferred from the equivalent width map of the stellar absorption lines). We apply the Tremaine--Weinberg method to the stellar velocity field to calculate the pattern speed of the inner bar, obtaining a value of $\Omega_b$=160$\pm70\rm km s^{-1} kpc^{-1}$. This value is considerably la rger than the one obtained when a simple bar model is considered. However the uncertainties in the pattern speed determination prevent us to give support to alternative scenarios.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

INTEGRAL Spectroscopy of IRAS 17208-0014: Implications for the Evolutionary Scenarios of Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies

New integral field optical fiber spectroscopy obtained with the INTEGRAL system, together with archival {\it {\it HST}} WFPC2 and NICMOS images, have been used to investigate the ultraluminous infrared galaxy IRAS 17208$-$0014, one of the coldest and most luminous objects in the IRAS 1 Jy sample. The 2D gas velocity field identifies the {\it optically faint} K-band nucleus as the {\it true} dynamical nucleus of the galaxy, and shows that the 3 kpc, tilted (i $\sim$ 35 degree) disk is rotating at $\Delta$Vsin$i$= 250 km s$^{-1}$. The kinematical, morphological and photometric evidence presented here supports the idea that in IRAS 17208-0014 we are witnessing a luminous, cool ULIRG which is at the final coalescence phase of a system composed of two spirals with m $\leq$ m$^*$, a mass ratio of 2:1, each consisting of a disk+bulge internal structure, that have been involved in a prograde encounter. This system will most likely evolve into an intermediate-mass ($\sim$ L$^*$) elliptical. The multifrequency empirical evidence gathered so far shows no trace of a luminous QSO, and indicates that starbursts dominate the energy output in this galaxy. Therefore IRAS 17208$-$0014 questions the universality of the ULIRG to QSO evolutionary scenario proposed by Sanders and collaborators, and supports the one recently proposed by Colina et al, where two low mass disk galaxies would produce luminous cool ULIRGs that would not evolve into a QSO phase. (abridge)Comment: Astrophysical Journal (in press

Spatially resolved kinematics, galactic wind, and quenching of star formation in the luminous infrared galaxy IRAS F11506-3851

We present a multi-wavelength integral field spectroscopic study of the low-z LIRG IRAS F11506-3851, on the basis of VIMOS and SINFONI (ESO-VLT) observations. The morphology and the 2D kinematics of the gaseous (neutral and ionized) and stellar components have been mapped using the NaD doublet, the H$\alpha$ line, and the near-IR CO(2-0) and CO(3-1) bands. The kinematics of the ionized gas and the stars are dominated by rotation, with large observed velocity amplitudes and centrally peaked velocity dispersion maps. The stars lag behind the warm gas and represent a dynamically hotter system, as indicated by the observed dynamical ratios. Thanks to these IFS data we have disentangled the contribution of the stars and the ISM to the NaD feature, finding that it is dominated by the absorption of neutral gas clouds in the ISM. The neutral gas 2D kinematics shows a complex structure dominated by two components. On the one hand, the thick slowly rotating disk lags significantly compared to the ionized gas and the stars, with an irregular and off-center velocity dispersion map. On the other hand, a kpc-scale neutral gas outflow is observed along the semi-minor axis of the galaxy, as revealed by large blueshifted velocities (30-154 km/s). We derive an outflowing mass rate in neutral gas of about 48 $\dot{M_{\rm w}}$/yr. Although this implies a global mass loading factor of 1.4, the 2D distribution of the ongoing SF suggests a much larger value of mass loading factor associated with the inner regions (R$<$200 pc), where the current SF represents only 3 percent of the total. All together these results strongly suggest that we are witnessing (nuclear) quenching due to SF feedback in IRAS F11506-3851. However, the relatively large mass of molecular gas detected in the nuclear region via the H2 1-0 S(1) line suggests that further episodes of SF may take place again