33 research outputs found
First demonstration of 30 eVee ionization energy resolution with Ricochet germanium cryogenic bolometers
The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the
electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus
Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the
sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is
currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also
finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the
cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report
on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the
CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30~eVee
(electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an
early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility
Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics. This represents an order of
magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar
heat-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and
SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared
to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II
germanium detector. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results
in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background
mitigation performance.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Fast neutron background characterization of the future Ricochet experiment at the ILL research nuclear reactor
The future Ricochet experiment aims at searching for new physics in the
electroweak sector by providing a high precision measurement of the Coherent
Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) process down to the sub-100 eV
nuclear recoil energy range. The experiment will deploy a kg-scale
low-energy-threshold detector array combining Ge and Zn target crystals 8.8
meters away from the 58 MW research nuclear reactor core of the Institut Laue
Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, France. Currently, the Ricochet collaboration is
characterizing the backgrounds at its future experimental site in order to
optimize the experiment's shielding design. The most threatening background
component, which cannot be actively rejected by particle identification,
consists of keV-scale neutron-induced nuclear recoils. These initial fast
neutrons are generated by the reactor core and surrounding experiments
(reactogenics), and by the cosmic rays producing primary neutrons and
muon-induced neutrons in the surrounding materials. In this paper, we present
the Ricochet neutron background characterization using He proportional
counters which exhibit a high sensitivity to thermal, epithermal and fast
neutrons. We compare these measurements to the Ricochet Geant4 simulations to
validate our reactogenic and cosmogenic neutron background estimations.
Eventually, we present our estimated neutron background for the future Ricochet
experiment and the resulting CENNS detection significance.Comment: 14 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl
The Infection of Chicken Tracheal Epithelial Cells with a H6N1 Avian Influenza Virus
Sialic acids (SAs) linked to galactose (Gal) in α2,3- and α2,6-configurations are the receptors for avian and human influenza viruses, respectively. We demonstrate that chicken tracheal ciliated cells express α2,3-linked SA, while goblet cells mainly express α2,6-linked SA. In addition, the plant lectin MAL-II, but not MAA/MAL-I, is bound to the surface of goblet cells, suggesting that SA2,3-linked oligosaccharides with GalÎČ1â3GalNAc subterminal residues are specifically present on the goblet cells. Moreover, both α2,3- and α2,6-linked SAs are detected on single tracheal basal cells. At a low multiplicity of infection (MOI) avian influenza virus H6N1 is exclusively detected in the ciliated cells, suggesting that the ciliated cell is the major target cell of the H6N1 virus. At a MOI of 1, ciliated, goblet and basal cells are all permissive to the AIV infection. This result clearly elucidates the receptor distribution for the avian influenza virus among chicken tracheal epithelial cells and illustrates a primary cell model for evaluating the cell tropisms of respiratory viruses in poultry
Under the Skin of a Lion: Unique Evidence of Upper Paleolithic Exploitation and Use of Cave Lion (Panthera spelaea) from the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Spain)
ABSTRACT: Pleistocene skinning and exploitation of carnivore furs have been previously inferred from archaeological evidence. Nevertheless, the evidence of skinning and fur processing tends to be weak and the interpretations are not strongly sustained by the archaeological record. In the present paper, we analyze unique evidence of patterned anthropic modification and skeletal representation of fossil remains of cave lion (Panthera spelaea) from the Lower Gallery of La Garma (Cantabria, Spain). This site is one of the few that provides Pleistocene examples of lion exploitation by humans. Our archaeozoological study suggests that lion-specialized pelt exploitation and use might have been related to ritual activities during the Middle Magdalenian period (ca. 14800 cal BC). Moreover, the specimens also represent the southernmost European and the latest evidence of cave lion exploitation in Iberia. Therefore, the study seeks to provide alternative explanations for lion extinction in Eurasia and argues for a role of hunting as a factor to take into account
A systematic review of outcome and outcome-measure reporting in randomised trials evaluating surgical interventions for anterior-compartment vaginal prolapse: a call to action to develop a core outcome set
INTRODUCTION: We assessed outcome and outcome-measure reporting in randomised controlled trials evaluating surgical interventions for anterior-compartment vaginal prolapse and explored the relationships between outcome reporting quality with journal impact factor, year of publication, and methodological quality. METHODS: We searched the bibliographical databases from inception to October 2017. Two researchers independently selected studies and assessed study characteristics, methodological quality (Jadad criteria; range 1-5), and outcome reporting quality Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Cleft Palate (MOMENT) criteria; range 1-6], and extracted relevant data. We used a multivariate linear regression to assess associations between outcome reporting quality and other variables. RESULTS: Eighty publications reporting data from 10,924 participants were included. Seventeen different surgical interventions were evaluated. One hundred different outcomes and 112 outcome measures were reported. Outcomes were inconsistently reported across trials; for example, 43 trials reported anatomical treatment success rates (12 outcome measures), 25 trials reported quality of life (15 outcome measures) and eight trials reported postoperative pain (seven outcome measures). Multivariate linear regression demonstrated a relationship between outcome reporting quality with methodological quality (ÎČâ=â0.412; Pâ=â0.018). No relationship was demonstrated between outcome reporting quality with impact factor (ÎČâ=â0.078; Pâ=â0.306), year of publication (ÎČâ=â0.149; Pâ=â0.295), study size (ÎČâ=â0.008; Pâ=â0.961) and commercial funding (ÎČâ=â-0.013; Pâ=â0.918). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior-compartment vaginal prolapse trials report many different outcomes and outcome measures and often neglect to report important safety outcomes. Developing, disseminating and implementing a core outcome set will help address these issues
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CENS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CENS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CENS using an Ar target. The detection of CENS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CENS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CENS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENS) is a process inwhich neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Thoughthe total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CENS has longproven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection ofCENS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up thedetection of CENS using an Ar target. The detection of CENS hasspawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring newconstraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimentalmethods. The CENS process has important implications for not onlyhigh-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. Thiswhitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CENS, highlighting howpresent experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how futureexperiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementionedfields of physics.<br
International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis
Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICARâRS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICARâRSâ2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidenceâbased findings of the document. Methods: ICARâRS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidenceâbased reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidenceâbased reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICARâRSâ2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidenceâbased management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICARâRSâ2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidenceâbased recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS
Hepatitis B Virus and Sex Ratio of Offspring in East Greenland
The hypothesis that response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in parents is related to the sex ratio (M/F x 100) of offspring was tested in families from two communities in East Greenland. The results (based on tests on mothers only) support the previous findings from Greece, France, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Mothers with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (âcarriersâ) had a higher sex ratio than non\u27Carriers, and mothers with anti-HBs had a lower sex ratio than the carriers and mothers with no evidence of infection