Excavations and the afterlife of a professional football stadium, Peel Park, Accrington, Lancashire: towards an archaeology of football

Association football is now a multi-billion dollar global industry whose emergence spans the post-medieval to the modern world. With its professional roots in late 19th-century industrial Lancashire, stadiums built for the professionalization of football first appear in frequency in the North of England. While many historians of sport focus on consumerism and ‘topophilia’ (attachment to place) regarding these local football grounds, archaeological research that has been conducted on the spectator experience suggests status differentiation within them. Our excavations at Peel Park confirm this impression while also showing a significant afterlife to this stadium, particularly through children’s play

Selective CO2/CH4 Separation by Fixed-Bed Technology Using Encapsulated Ionic Liquids

The performance of encapsulated ionic liquid (ENIL) sorbents has been experimentally evaluated in CO2/CH4 separation by means of gravimetric and fixed-bed measurements. Six ionic liquids (ILs) with CO2 chemical absorption ([Emim][Acetate], [Bmim][Acetate], [P66614][CNPyr], [Bmim][GLY], [Bmim][MET], and [Bmim]- [PRO]) were selected for the selective separation of CO2 from CH4. ENIL materials were prepared by encapsulation of these ILs in synthesized carbon submicrocapsules, achieving a ∼70% in mass of IL. Fixed-bed experiments of CO2 capture were carried out to evaluate the CO2/CH4 separation performance of prepared ENIL materials at different CO2 partial pressures and 303 K. Both thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 sorption were analyzed. The experimental CO2 and CH4 isotherms in ENIL materials obtained from fixed-bed experiments were successfully compared to those obtained by reliable gravimetric tests and fitted to the Langmuir− Freundlich equilibrium model. In addition, experimental CO2 breakthrough curves were well-described by the linear driving force and Yoon and Nelson kinetic models, providing sorption rate constants. ENIL sorbents show high CO2 uptake capacity, comparable to conventional adsorbents, but with drastically higher selectivity, in concordance with the negligible CH4 solubility in ILs at the used operating conditions, with acetate-based ENIL materials being the best sorbents in thermodynamic terms. The obtained kinetic parameters revealed that the CO2 chemical sorption with ENIL materials overcomes the IL mass transfer limitations. The sorption rates are faster than those obtained with ENIL using IL physical absorbents and seem to be controlled by the reaction kinetics. The [P66614][CNPyrr]-based ENIL is found to be the most promising material, combining favorable kinetic and thermodynamic considerations for future development of CO2/CH4 separation using fixed-bed technologyThe authors are grateful to Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (projects PID2020-118259RB-I00 and PDC2021- 120881-I00) and Comunidad de Madrid (project P2018/ EMT4348) for financial support and Centro de Computación Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid for computational facilitie

Human keratinocytes are vanilloid resistant

BACKGROUND: Use of capsaicin or resiniferatoxin (RTX) as analgesics is an attractive therapeutic option. RTX opens the cation channel inflammatory pain/vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) permanently and selectively removes nociceptive neurons by Ca(2+)-cytotoxicity. Paradoxically, not only nociceptors, but non-neuronal cells, including keratinocytes express full length TRPV1 mRNA, while patient dogs and experimental animals that underwent topical treatment or anatomically targeted molecular surgery have shown neither obvious behavioral, nor pathological side effects. METHODS: To address this paradox, we assessed the vanilloid sensitivity of the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line and primary keratinocytes from skin biopsies. RESULTS: Although both cell types express TRPV1 mRNA, neither responded to vanilloids with Ca(2+)-cytotoxicity. Only ectopic overproduction of TRPV1 rendered HaCaT cells sensitive to low doses (1-50 nM) of vanilloids. The TRPV1-mediated and non-receptor specific Ca(2+)-cytotoxicity ([RTX]>15 microM) could clearly be distinguished, thus keratinocytes were indeed resistant to vanilloid-induced, TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+)-entry. Having a wider therapeutic window than capsaicin, RTX was effective in subnanomolar range, but even micromolar concentrations could not kill human keratinocytes. Keratinocytes showed orders of magnitudes lower TRPV1 mRNA level than sensory ganglions, the bona fide therapeutic targets in human pain management. In addition to TRPV1, TRPV1b, a dominant negative splice variant was also noted in keratinocytes. CONCLUSION: TRPV1B expression, together with low TRPV1 expression, may explain the vanilloid paradox: even genuinely TRPV1 mRNA positive cells can be spared with therapeutic (up to micromolar) doses of RTX. This additional safety information might be useful for planning future human clinical trials

Self-consistent field theory for the interactions between keratin intermediate filaments

Background: Keratins are important structural proteins found in skin, hair and nails. Keratin Intermediate Filaments are major components of corneocytes, nonviable horny cells of the Stratum Corneum, the outermost layer of skin. It is considered that interactions between unstructured domains of Keratin Intermediate Filaments are the key factor in maintaining the elasticity of the skin. Results: We have developed a model for the interactions between keratin intermediate filaments based on self-consistent field theory. The intermediate filaments are represented by charged surfaces, and the disordered terminal domains of the keratins are represented by charged heteropolymers grafted to these surfaces. We estimate the system is close to a charge compensation point where the heteropolymer grafting density is matched to the surface charge density. Using a protein model with amino acid resolution for the terminal domains, we find that the terminal chains can mediate a weak attraction between the keratin surfaces. The origin of the attraction is a combination of bridging and electrostatics. The attraction disappears when the system moves away from the charge compensation point, or when excess small ions and/or NMF-representing free amino acids are added. Conclusions: These results are in concordance with experimental observations, and support the idea that the interaction between keratin filaments, and ultimately in part the elastic properties of the keratin-containing tissue, is controlled by a combination of the physico-chemical properties of the disordered terminal domains and the composition of the medium in the inter-filament region. Keywords: Stratum corneum, Skin keratins, Intermediate filaments, Unstructured terminal domains, Bridging attractio

2013 Report on the State of the Art of Rare Disease Activities in Europe (Ireland)

This document has been produced by the Scientific Secretariat of the European Union Committee ofExperts on Rare Diseases (EUCERD, formerly the European Commission’s Rare Diseases Task Force)through the EUCERD Joint Action: Working for Rare Diseases (N° 2011 22 01, Coordinator: KateBushby, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom), within the European Union’s Second Programmeof Community Action in the Field of Health. More information on the European Union Committee of Experts on Rare Diseases can be found atwww.eucerd.eu

Psychological needs, motivation and intent to be physically active of the physical education student

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la motivación, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la intención de ser físicamente activo de una muestra de 351 estudiantes de Educación Física pertenecientes a Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato. Se empleó un cuestionario que incluyó la Escala de Medición de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas, la Escala del Locus Percibido de Causalidad en Educación Física y la Medida de la Intencionalidad para ser Físicamente Activo. Los resultados del análisis de correlación mostraron relaciones entre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, los diferentes tipos de motivación y la intención de ser físicamente activo en línea con la teoría de la autodeterminación. Los análisis en función del género y la práctica de deporte y actividad física mostraron una motivación más autodeterminada, mayor satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas y una mayor intención de ser físicamente activo asociada a varones y a la práctica de deporte o actividad física. Se discuten los resultados subrayando la importancia de la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas como medio para la consecución de una motivación más autodeterminada y una mayor intención de ser físicamente activo.The objective of the research was to analysis the motivation, the satisfaction of the psychological needs and the intention of being physically active of 351 Physical Education students in Compulsory Secondary Education and first grade of Post-Compulsory Secondary Education. A questionnaire was used the Basic Psychological Needs Measurement Scale, the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale in Physical Education and the Measure of the Intentionality to be Physically Active. The results of the correlation analysis showed the relationships between the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, the different types of motivation and the intention to be physically active in line with the theory of self-determination. The analysis based on gender and the practice of sport and physical activity showed a more self-determined motivation, greater satisfaction of psychological needs and a greater intention to be physically active associated with men and the practice of sports or physical activity. The results are discussed underlining the importance of satisfaction basic psychological needs such as the achievement of a more self-determined motivation and a greater intention to be physically active

Implications of the regulation in the implantation process of next generation networks in Spain: analysis in rural versus urban regions

Producción CientíficaA regulatory regime is dynamic and adapts to all aspects of market evolution: infrastructure development, service catalogue, delivery conditions, market shares of operators and opportunities provided by technology. The present article analyses implications of the regulation of next generation networks (NGN) in two well differentiated areas in Spain: rural versus urban. Regulation will be applied to fixed networks and broadband Internet access services provided with them, and, within fixed networks, those that have come into existence as a result of access network technologies based on fiber optics. The results can serve as a reference for obtaining a better overview and reaching conclusions regarding what has been a global action over the current period in time for the electronic communications market within the European Union. The conclusions speak of a successful model because objectives to date (2017) are being reached, except for the purely economic aspect of return on investments. A long-term time frame is expected to be in place until 2023. With regard to the future, regulation must continue to address issues that were not issues initially, but which have become fundamental and have begun to be addressed: geographical discrimination, fiber loop unbundling, new wholesale prices resulting from adapting reference offers, and greater control of retail services. As a case of study, this article discusses what is happening in the province of Soria, where there are large uninhabited areas with a high percentage of the territory where the broadband infrastructure is very limited. This situation is opposed in the urban areas where the deployment of new NGN is moving forward quickly.Esta investigación ha sido parcialmente soportada por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (de España); el Next Generation Networks and Applications Group (NetGNA), de Portugal; y con financiación nacional de FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia a través del proyecto UID/EEA/50008/201

Maximization delays decision-making in acute care nursing

The maximization personality trait refers to the tendency to face decision-making situations along a continuum from exhaustively analysing all the options (maximize) to choosing the one that exceeds a subjective threshold of acceptability (satisfy). Research has revealed the influence of maximizing on decision making, although little is known about its possible role in high risk and high uncertainty situations. A sample of 153 active Spanish nurses, with an average experience of 11 years, completed a maximization questionnaire and responded to written vignettes depicting time-demanding decision making in which three options were offered, representing delayed action, non-action, and immediate action. Two vignettes presented critical situations related to acute care during the COVID-19 pandemic, whilst two vignettes presented non-nursing scenarios. People high in maximization took longer to choose and were more likely to choose non-action. No relationship was found between maximization score and the subjective experience of the person making the choice. Maximization had no significant correlation with years of experience nor perceived expertise. Greater perceived expertise was associated with lower indecision and greater confidence. When participants answered nursing vignettes, they took longer to respond, but chose less delayed action and more immediate action. Our results suggest that maximization plays only a relative role in acute care decision-making in nursing, as compared to contextual variables and expertise. They also support a domain general approach to this personality trait. Findings are consistent with Nibbelink and Reed's Practice-Primed Decision Model for nursing