940 research outputs found
Wetland restoration and nitrate reduction: the example of the periurban wetland of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country, North Spain)
Changes in land use and agricultural intensification caused wetlands on the quaternary aquifer of Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque Country) to disappear some years ago and nitrate concentration in groundwaters increased very quickly. The Basque Government recently declared the East Sector of this aquifer a Vulnerable Zone according to the 91/676/CEE European Directive. Recently, the wetlands have been restored through the closure of the main drainage ditches, the consequent elevation of the water table and the abondonment of agricultural practices near the wetlands. This is the case of the Zurbano wetland. Restoration has allowed the recovery of its biogeochemical function, which has reduced nitrate concentrations in waters. Nitrate concentrations which exceed 50 mg l–1 in groundwaters entering into the wetland are less than 10 mg l–1 at the outlet. Conditions in the wetland are conducive to the loss of nitrates: organic matter rich wetted soils, clay presence allowing a local semiconfined flow and very low hydraulic gradient. Water quality monitoring at several points around the wetland showed the processes involved in nitrate loss, although some aspects still remain unresolved. However, during storm events, the wetland effectively reduces the nitrate concentration entering the Alegria River, the most important river on the quaternary aquifer
Performance Study of Software AER-Based Convolutions on a Parallel Supercomputer
This paper is based on the simulation of a convolution model for bioinspired
neuromorphic systems using the Address-Event-Representation (AER)
philosophy and implemented in the supercomputer CRS of the University of
Cadiz (UCA). In this work we improve the runtime of the simulation, by
dividing an image into smaller parts before AER convolution and running each
operation in a node of the cluster. This research involves a test cases design in
which the optimal parameters are set to run the AER convolution in parallel
processors. These cases consist on running the convolution taking an image
divided in different number of parts, applying to each part a Sobel filter for
edge detection, and based on the AER-TOOL simulator. Execution times are
compared for all cases and the optimal configuration of the system is discussed.
In general, CRS obtain better performances when the image is divided than for
the whole image.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-10639-C04-0
Un sistema ARIMA con agregación temporal para la previsión y el seguimiento del déficit del Estado.
Our aim is to develop a temporal aggregation ARIMA model to monitor and forecast the annual Spanish central government deficit in order to detect in advance a possible deterioration of the annual public sector balance, using monthly data. We compare the predictive performance of the proposed model with competing forecasting methods, such as annual forecasts directly derived from monthly ARIMA models, and official forecasts published by the government. The results confirm the large improvement in forecasting performance of the aggregated ARIMA system when compared to other alternatives.Fiscal forecasting, time series analysis, monitoring, forecasting, public deficit
Visual Spike-based Convolution Processing with a Cellular Automata Architecture
this paper presents a first approach for
implementations which fuse the Address-Event-Representation
(AER) processing with the Cellular Automata using FPGA and
AER-tools. This new strategy applies spike-based convolution
filters inspired by Cellular Automata for AER vision
processing. Spike-based systems are neuro-inspired circuits
implementations traditionally used for sensory systems or
sensor signal processing. AER is a neuromorphic
communication protocol for transferring asynchronous events
between VLSI spike-based chips. These neuro-inspired
implementations allow developing complex, multilayer,
multichip neuromorphic systems and have been used to design
sensor chips, such as retinas and cochlea, processing chips, e.g.
filters, and learning chips. Furthermore, Cellular Automata is a
bio-inspired processing model for problem solving. This
approach divides the processing synchronous cells which
change their states at the same time in order to get the solution.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TEC2006-11730-C03-02Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-10639-C04-02Junta de Andalucía P06-TIC-0141
Least-Squares Filtering Algorithm in Sensor Networks with Noise Correlation and Multiple Random Failures in Transmission
This paper addresses the least-squares centralized fusion estimation problem of discrete-time random signals from measured outputs, which are perturbed by correlated noises. These measurements are obtained by different sensors, which send their information to a processing center, where the complete set of data is combined to obtain the estimators. Due to random transmission failures, some of the data packets processed for the estimation may either contain only noise (uncertain observations), be delayed (randomly delayed observations), or even be definitely lost (random packet dropouts). These multiple random transmission uncertainties are modelled by sequences of independent Bernoulli random variables with different probabilities for the different sensors. By an innovation approach and using the last observation that successfully arrived when a packet is lost, a recursive algorithm is designed for the filtering estimation problem. The proposed algorithm is easily implemented and does not require knowledge of the signal evolution model, as only the first- and second-order moments of the processes involved are used. A numerical simulation example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed estimators and shows how the probabilities of the multiple random failures influence their performance
Short-term monitoring of the Spanish government balance with mixed-frequencies models
We construct multivariate, state-space mixed-frequencies models for the main componentsof the Spanish General Government sector made up of blocks for each one of its subsectors: Central Government, Social Security and aggregate of Regional and Local government sectors. Each block is modelled through its total revenue and expenditure categories, and encompasses a number of indicators, depending on data availability. The mixed-frequencies approach is particularly relevant for the case of Spain, given its institutional set-up and the specific data availability for the different subsectors. All in all, we provide models detailed enough in coverage, while at the same time manageable, to be used: (i) for real-time monitoring of fiscal policies with a focus on quarterly developments of the General Government sector(ii) for the monitoring of general government sub-sectors for which intra-annual data coverage is limited (Regional and Local governments), and (iii) to bridge (translate) into National Accounts available monthly information for the subsectors of the general governmen
Frequency Analysis of a 64x64 Pixel Retinomorphic System with AER Output to Estimate the Limits to Apply onto Specific Mechanical Environment
The rods and cones of a human retina are constantly sensing and
transmitting the light in the form of spikes to the cortex of the brain in order to
reproduce an image in the brain. Delbruck’s lab has designed and manufactured
several generations of spike based image sensors that mimic the human retina.
In this paper we present an exhaustive timing analysis of the Address-Event-
Representation (AER) output of a 64x64 pixels silicon retinomorphic system.
Two different scenarios are presented in order to achieve the maximum
frequency of light changes for a pixel sensor and the maximum frequency of
requested directions on the output AER. Results obtained are 100 Hz and 1.66
MHz in each case respectively. We have tested the upper spin limit and found it
to be approximately 6000rpm (revolutions per minute) and in some cases with
high light contrast lost events do not exist.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TEC2009-10639- C04-0
Nonlinear time-domain macromodeling of OTA circuits
The authors present an accurate nonlinear macromodel of the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) which is suitable for the transient simulation of OTA-based CMOS analog integrated circuits. As compared to device-level OTA models, the proposed macromodel is advantageous in terms of CPU time. Also, in circuits with many OTAs, it does not have the problems of convergence that the device-level MODEL has. All the macromodel parameters can be calculated from measurements made at the OTA terminals. Experimental results from a 3-μm CMOS OTA prototype as well as simulation results from device-level models are included and compared to simulation results from the macromodel
Geological, geophysical and geochemical structure of a fault zone developed in granitic rocks: Implications for fault zone modeling in 3-D
The structure of a fault zone developed in
granitic rocks can be established on the basis of the spatial
variability of geological, geophysical and geochemical
parameters. In the North Fault of the Mina Ratones area
(SW Iberian Massif, Spain), fault rocks along two studied
traverses (SR-2 and SR-3 boreholes) exhibit systematic
changes in mineralogy, geochemistry, fabrics and microstructures
that are related to brittle deformation and
alteration of granite to form cataclasite and subsequent
gouge. The spatial distribution and intensity of these
changes suggest a North Fault morphology that is
consistent with the fault-core/damage-zone model proposed
by Chester et al. (1993) to describe a fault zone
architecture. North Fault damage zone thickness can be
defined by the development of mechanically related
mesoscopic faults and joints, that produce a Fracture
Index (FI)>10. High FI values are spatially correlated
with relative low seismic velocity zones (VP<5 km/s and
VS<2.5 km/s in the well-logs), more probably related to a
high concentration of fractures and geochemical alteration
produced by meteoric water-granite interaction along
fault surfaces. This correlation is the base of a geostatistical
model proposed in the final part of this study to
image the fault zone architecture of a granitic massif
Family, individual and social factors in the origin and development of school violence according to our elders
[Resumen] Son muchos los factores familiares, individuales y sociales que están influyendo en el origen y desarrollo de la violencia juvenil de forma genérica y concretamente en la violencia escolar. Es por ello, que el objeto del presente trabajo es conocer la opinión de nuestros mayores a cerca de diferentes cuestiones de carácter familiar, individual y social, que según ellos tienen influencia en la génesis e incremento de la incidencia de la violencia escolar o Bullying. Se ha utilizado el Cuestionario de factores predictores de la violencia escolar para mayores compuesto por 3 factores que analizan los tres ámbitos (familiar, individual y social), nos centramos en dar a conocer la opinión de los mayores de 50 años en una muestra de 632 sujetos, a cerca de los lementos que componen los tres factores del cuestionario, analizando aspectos: de ámbito familiar, de ámbito individual, y de ámbito social y escolar.[Abstract] Many familiar, individual and social factors have influence in the origin and development of youth violence in a general way and in school violence in a particular way. For that reason, the aim of this study is to know our elders’ opinion on different family, individual and social questions, which, according to them, have an influence in the origin and increase of the school violence or Bullying incidence. We have used the “Predicting factors of school violence Questionnaire for elders” made up of 3 board categories analyzing the three, family, individual and social, factors. In this research, we had a sample of 632 elders (more than 55 years) and focused in their opinion on the points which make up the three aspects of the questionnaire analyzing questions such as: family environment, individual aspects, and the social and school environment
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