Interface temperatures in friction braking

YesResults and analysis from investigations into the behaviour of the interfacial layer (Tribolayer) at the friction interface of a brake friction pair (resin bonded composite friction material and cast iron rotor) are presented in which the disc/pad interface temperature has been measured using thermocouple methods. Using a designed experiment approach, the interface temperature is shown to be affected by factors including the number of braking applications, the friction coefficient, sliding speed, braking load and friction material. The time-dependent nature of the Tribo-Iayer formation and the real contact area distribution are shown to be causes of variation in interface temperatures in friction braking. The work extends the scientific understanding of interface contact and temperature during friction braking

Mixed Models and Reduction Techniques for Large-Rotation, Nonlinear Analysis of Shells of Revolution with Application to Tires

An effective computational strategy is presented for the large-rotation, nonlinear axisymmetric analysis of shells of revolution. The three key elements of the computational strategy are: (1) use of mixed finite-element models with discontinuous stress resultants at the element interfaces; (2) substantial reduction in the total number of degrees of freedom through the use of a multiple-parameter reduction technique; and (3) reduction in the size of the analysis model through the decomposition of asymmetric loads into symmetric and antisymmetric components coupled with the use of the multiple-parameter reduction technique. The potential of the proposed computational strategy is discussed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the high accuracy of the mixed models developed and to show the potential of using the proposed computational strategy for the analysis of tires

Failure Analysis and Mechanisms of Failure of Fibrous Composite Structures

The state of the art of failure analysis and current design practices, especially as applied to the use of fibrous composite materials in aircraft structures is discussed. Deficiencies in these technologies are identified, as are directions for future research

The impact of exposure to media coverage of the 2012 paralympic games on mixed physical ability interactions

The current work assessed the impact of the 2012 Paralympic Games on psychological factors operating during interactions between physically disabled and non-disabled group members. In a two-wave longitudinal design the pre- to post-Paralympic increase in exposure to Paralympic media coverage led to more positive ingroup norms about disabled people’s competence and improved intergroup contact quality among both physically disabled and non-disabled participants. Moreover, more positive norms about disabled people’s competence partially mediated the relationship between media exposure and contact quality. However, exposure to Paralympic media coverage did not appear to impact embarrassment about intergroup contact within either group. Findings are discussed in terms of the efficacy and limitations of Paralympic media coverage to improve intergroup relations in the mixed physical ability context

Coordination of Foliar and Wood Anatomical Traits Contributes to Tropical Tree Distributions and Productivity along the Malay-Thai Peninsula

Drought is a critical factor in plant species distributions. Much research points to its relevance even in moist tropical regions. Recent studies have begun to elucidate mechanisms underlying the distributions of tropical tree species with respect to drought; however, how such desiccation tolerance mechanisms correspond with the coordination of hydraulic and photosynthetic traits in determining species distributions with respect to rainfall seasonality deserves attention. In the present study, we used a common garden approach to quantify inherent differences in wood anatomical and foliar physiological traits in 21 tropical tree species with either widespread (occupying both seasonal and aseasonal climates) or southern (restricted to aseasonal forests) distributions with respect to rainfall seasonality. Use of congeneric species pairs and phylogenetically independent contrast analyses allowed examination of this question in a phylogenetic framework. Widespread species opted for wood traits that provide biomechanical support and prevent xylem cavitation and showed associated reductions in canopy productivity and consequently growth rates compared with southern species. These data support the hypothesis that species having broader distributions with respect to climatic variability will be characterized by traits conducive to abiotic stress tolerance. This study highlights the importance of the well-established performance vs. stress tolerance trade-off as a contributor to species distributions at larger scales

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (Project Based Learning) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Dan Kemampuan Bekerjasama Mahasiswa Pada Matakuliah Teknik Pengelolaan Laboratorium Program Studi Tadris Biologi

Biologi sebagai sebuah ilmu dasar mencakup tiga aspek, yaitu produk, proses, dan sikap. Pembelajaran biologi yang baik harus dapat mengembangkan ketiga aspek tersebut sebagai satu kesatuan. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan model-model pembelajaran biologi yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar sekaligus dapat meningkatkan kemampuan bekerjasama diantara mahasiswa. Kemampuan mahasiswa bekerjasama dalam timnya dapat memberikan efek positif terhadap hasil belajar. Dalam bekerjasama, kita memiliki kesempatan mengungkapkan gagasan, mendengarkan pendapat orang lain, serta bersama-sama membangun pengertian, menjadi sangat penting dalam belajar karena memiliki unsur yang berguna menantang pemikiran dan meningkatkan harga diri seseorang. Rumusan penelitian ini adalah: mencoba menggali Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Terhadap Hasil Belajar dan kemampuan Bekerjasama Mahasiswa Pada Mata Kuliah Teknik Pengelolaan Laboratorium Program Studi Tadris Biologi Tahun Akademik 2011/2012.Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen, dengan menggunakan rancangan non-randomized control group pretest- posttest design. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa yang memprogramkan mata kuliah teknik pengelolaan laboratorium tahun akademik 2011/2012 adalah sebanyak 2 (dua) kelas, yaitu kelas A sebanyak 23 orang mahasiswa dan kelas B sebanyak 22 orang mahasiswa pada Prodi Tadris Biologi TA. 2011/2012.Setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran terdapat peningkatan sebesar 68,04% dari hasil pretes sebesar 46,96 untuk kelas eksperimen, dan sebesar 21,27% dari hasil pretes sebesar 54,36 untuk kelas kontrol. Sedangkan untuk kemampuan bekerjasama terdapat peningkatan sebesar 65,61% dari hasil pretes sebesar 51,27 untuk kelas ekeperimen, dan sebesar 30,38% dari hasil pretes sebesar 52,70 untuk kelas kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian ini disarankan perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran berbasis proyek terhadap hasil belajar pada aspek lainnya

The Effects of Different Calcination Parameters on CCTO Formation

Dielectric material CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) was prepared by solid state technique. CaCO3, TiO2 and CuO powders were mixed thoroughly in a ball mill for an hour. The mixed powder was calcined at 800 and 900oC for different durations. The calcined samples were subjected to XRD phase analysis and SEM observation. All the samples were sintered at 1050 oC for 24 hours, before dielectric constant measurement was done. The effects of different calcination parameters on phase formation, microstructures, and dielectric constant were reported. XRD results show the different phase formations, and the CCTO single phase was first detected for the sample calcined at 900 oC for 6 hours. Increasing the temperature and duration enhances the density, dielectric constant value and the grain growth was observed. The CCTO single phase with the highest dielectric constant was obtained by calcination at 900oC for 12 hours

Dual tasking in Parkinson's disease: cognitive consequences while walking

Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychology. 2017 September; 31(6): 613–623. doi:10.1037/neu0000331.OBJECTIVE: Cognitive deficits are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and exacerbate the functional limitations imposed by PD's hallmark motor symptoms, including impairments in walking. Though much research has addressed the effect of dual cognitive-locomotor tasks on walking, less is known about their effect on cognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between gait and executive function, with the hypothesis that dual tasking would exacerbate cognitive vulnerabilities in PD as well as being associated with gait disturbances. METHOD: Nineteen individuals with mild-moderate PD without dementia and 13 age- and education-matched normal control adults (NC) participated. Executive function (set-shifting) and walking were assessed singly and during dual tasking. RESULTS: Dual tasking had a significant effect on cognition (reduced set-shifting) and on walking (speed, stride length) for both PD and NC, and also on stride frequency for PD only. The impact of dual tasking on walking speed and stride frequency was significantly greater for PD than NC. Though the group by condition interaction was not significant, PD had fewer set-shifts than NC on dual task. Further, relative to NC, PD showed significantly greater variability in cognitive performance under dual tasking, whereas variability in motor performance remained unaffected by dual tasking. CONCLUSIONS: Dual tasking had a significantly greater effect in PD than in NC on cognition as well as on walking. The results suggest that assessment and treatment of PD should consider the cognitive as well as the gait components of PD-related deficits under dual-task conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record)

Foreign Direct Investment in Manufacturing Sector in Malaysia

This paper analyses the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the manufacturing sector in Malaysia from eleven countries during the period 1988 to 2000. The empirical results indicate that gross domestic product, lending interest rate, labour productivity, exports to home country and imports from home country significantly influenced the level of FDI inflows into Malaysia. However, exchange rate, exchange rate variation, wage and openness index were not important in influencing FDI.foreign direct investment, manufacturing sector, International Relations/Trade,