557 research outputs found
Magnetic Phase Diagrams of Manganites-like Local-Moment Systems with Jahn-Teller distortions
We use an extended two-band Kondo lattice model (KLM) to investigate the
occurrence of different (anti-)ferromagnetic phases or phase separation
depending on several model parameters. With regard to CMR-materials like the
manganites we have added a Jahn-Teller term, direct antiferromagnetic coupling
and Coulomb interaction to the KLM. The electronic properties are
self-consistently calculated in an interpolating self-energy approach with no
restriction to classical spins and going beyond mean-field treatments. Further
on we do not have to limit the Hund's coupling to low or infinite values.
Zero-temperature phase diagrams are presented for large parameter intervals.
There are strong influences of the type of Coulomb interaction (intraband,
interband) and of the important parameters (Hund's coupling, direct
antiferromagnetic exchange, Jahn-Teller distortion), especially at intermediate
couplings.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
EGRET Gamma-Ray Blazars: Luminosity Function and Contribution to the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background
We describe the properties of the blazars detected by EGRET and summarize the
results on the calculations of the evolution and luminosity function of these
sources.
Of the large number of possible origins of extragalactic diffuse gamma-ray
emission, it has been postulated that active galaxies might be one of the most
likely candidates. However, some of our recent analyses indicate that only 25
percent of the diffuse extragalactic emission measured by SAS-2 and EGRET can
be attributed to unresolved gamma-ray blazars.
Therefore, other sources of diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray emission must
exist.
We present a summary of these results in this article.Comment: 4 pages, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physic
Neutrino Background Flux from Sources of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Nuclei
Motivated by Pierre Auger Observatory results favoring a heavy nuclear
composition for ultrahigh-energy (UHE) cosmic rays, we investigate implications
for the cumulative neutrino background. The requirement that nuclei not be
photodisintegrated constrains their interactions in sources, therefore limiting
neutrino production via photomeson interactions. Assuming a injection spectrum and
photodisintegration via the giant dipole resonance, the background flux of
neutrinos is lower than if UHE nuclei ubiquitously survive in
their sources. This is smaller than the analogous Waxman-Bahcall flux for UHE
protons by about one order of magnitude, and is below the projected IceCube
sensitivity. If IceCube detects a neutrino background, it could be due to other
sources, e.g., hadronuclear interactions of lower-energy cosmic rays; if it
does not, this supports our strong restrictions on the properties of sources of
UHE nuclei.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
On photohadronic processes in astrophysical environments
We discuss the first applications of our newly developed Monte Carlo event
generator SOPHIA to multiparticle photoproduction of relativistic protons with
thermal and power law radiation fields. The measured total cross section is
reproduced in terms of excitation and decay of baryon resonances, direct pion
production, diffractive scattering, and non-diffractive multiparticle
production. Non--diffractive multiparticle production is described using a
string fragmentation model. We demonstrate that the widely used
`--approximation' for the photoproduction cross section is reasonable
only for a restricted set of astrophysical applications. The relevance of this
result for cosmic ray propagation through the microwave background and hadronic
models of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts is briefly discussed.Comment: 9 pages including 4 embedded figures, submitted to PAS
Interactions of UHE cosmic ray nuclei with radiation during acceleration: consequences on the spectrum and composition
In this paper, we study the diffusive shock acceleration of cosmic-ray
protons and nuclei, taking into account all the relevant interaction processes
with photon backgrounds. We investigate how the competition between protons and
nuclei is modified by the acceleration parameters such as the acceleration
rate, its rigidity dependence, the photon density and the confinement
capability of the sources. We find that in the case of interaction-limited
acceleration processes protons are likely to be accelerated to higher energies
than nuclei, whereas for confinement-limited acceleration nuclei are
accelerated to higher energies than protons. Finally, we discuss our results in
the context of possible astrophysical accelerators, and in the light of recent
cosmic-ray data.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures A few paragraphs and one figure added for
clarity, figures slightly redesigned, no changes in the result
Photon-Photon Entanglement with a Single Trapped Atom
An experiment is performed where a single rubidium atom trapped within a
high-finesse optical cavity emits two independently triggered entangled
photons. The entanglement is mediated by the atom and is characterized both by
a Bell inequality violation of S=2.5, as well as full quantum-state tomography,
resulting in a fidelity exceeding F=90%. The combination of cavity-QED and
trapped atom techniques makes our protocol inherently deterministic - an
essential step for the generation of scalable entanglement between the nodes of
a distributed quantum network.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
High energy neutrino early afterglows from gamma-ray bursts revisited
The high energy neutrino emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been
expected in various scenarios. In this paper, we study the neutrino emission
from early afterglows of GRBs, especially under the reverse-forward shock model
and late prompt emission model. In the former model, the early afterglow
emission occurs due to dissipation made by an external shock with the
circumburst medium (CBM). In the latter model, internal dissipation such as
internal shocks produces the shallow decay emission in early afterglows. We
also discuss implications of recent Swift observations for neutrino signals in
detail. Future neutrino detectors such as IceCube may detect neutrino signals
from early afterglows, especially under the late prompt emission model, while
the detection would be difficult under the reverse-forward shock model.
Contribution to the neutrino background from the early afterglow emission may
be at most comparable to that from the prompt emission unless the outflow
making the early afterglow emission loads more nonthermal protons, and it may
be important in the very high energies. Neutrino-detections are inviting
because they could provide us with not only information on baryon acceleration
but also one of the clues to the model of early afterglows. Finally, we compare
various predictions for the neutrino background from GRBs, which are testable
by future neutrino-observations.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in PR
Remote Entanglement between a Single Atom and a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Entanglement between stationary systems at remote locations is a key resource
for quantum networks. We report on the experimental generation of remote
entanglement between a single atom inside an optical cavity and a Bose-Einstein
condensate (BEC). To produce this, a single photon is created in the
atom-cavity system, thereby generating atom-photon entanglement. The photon is
transported to the BEC and converted into a collective excitation in the BEC,
thus establishing matter-matter entanglement. After a variable delay, this
entanglement is converted into photon-photon entanglement. The matter-matter
entanglement lifetime of 100 s exceeds the photon duration by two orders
of magnitude. The total fidelity of all concatenated operations is 95%. This
hybrid system opens up promising perspectives in the field of quantum
information
High Energy Neutrino Emission and Neutrino Background from Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Internal Shock Model
High energy neutrino emission from GRBs is discussed. In this paper, by using
the simulation kit GEANT4, we calculate proton cooling efficiency including
pion-multiplicity and proton-inelasticity in photomeson production. First, we
estimate the maximum energy of accelerated protons in GRBs. Using the obtained
results, neutrino flux from one burst and a diffuse neutrino background are
evaluated quantitatively. We also take account of cooling processes of pion and
muon, which are crucial for resulting neutrino spectra. We confirm the validity
of analytic approximate treatments on GRB fiducial parameter sets, but also
find that the effects of multiplicity and high-inelasticity can be important on
both proton cooling and resulting spectra in some cases. Finally, assuming that
the GRB rate traces the star formation rate, we obtain a diffuse neutrino
background spectrum from GRBs for specific parameter sets. We introduce the
nonthermal baryon-loading factor, rather than assume that GRBs are main sources
of UHECRs. We find that the obtained neutrino background can be comparable with
the prediction of Waxman & Bahcall, although our ground in estimation is
different from theirs. In this paper, we study on various parameters since
there are many parameters in the model. The detection of high energy neutrinos
from GRBs will be one of the strong evidences that protons are accelerated to
very high energy in GRBs. Furthermore, the observations of a neutrino
background has a possibility not only to test the internal shock model of GRBs
but also to give us information about parameters in the model and whether GRBs
are sources of UHECRs or not.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in PRD, with extended
descriptions. Conclusions unchange
Multi-Wavelength Observations of the HBL Object 1ES 1011+496 in Spring 2008
In the spring of 2008 MAGIC organised multi-wavelength (MWL) observations of
the blazar 1ES 1011+496. 1ES 1011+496 is a high-frequency peaked BL Lac object
discovered at VHE gamma-rays by MAGIC in spring 2007 during an optical outburst
reported by the Tuorla Blazar Monitoring Programme. MAGIC re-observed the
source during the 2008 MWL campaign which also included the Mets\"ahovi, KVA,
Swift and AGILE telescopes. This was the first MWL campaign on this source that
also included VHE coverage. MAGIC observed 1ES 1011+496 from March 4th to May
24th 2008 for a total of 27.9 hours, of which 20 h remained after quality cuts.
The observations resulted in a detection of the source a ~7 sigma significance
level with a mean flux and spectral index similar to those during the
discovery.
Here we will present the results of the MAGIC observations of the source in
combination with contemporaneous observations at other wavelengths (radio,
optical, X-rays, high energy gamma-rays) and discuss their implications on the
modelling of the spectral energy distribution.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the 32nd ICRC, Beijing 201
- …