13,549 research outputs found
Analytical and finite-element study of optimal strain distribution in various beam shapes for energy harvesting applications
Due to the increasing demand for harvesting energy from environmental vibration, for use in self-powered electronic applications, cantilever-based vibration energy harvesting has attracted great interest from various parties and become one of the most common approaches to convert redundant mechanical energy into electrical energy. As the output voltage produces from a piezoelectric material depends greatly on the geometric shape and the size of the beam, there is a need to model and compare the performance of cantilever beams of differing geometries. This paper presents the study of strain distribution in various shapes of cantilever beams, including a convex and concave edge profile elliptical beams that have been overseen in most of the prior literature. Both analytical and finite element models are derived and the resultant strain distributions in the beam are computed based on MATLAB solver and ANSYS finite element analysis tools. An optimum geometry for a vibration-based energy harvester system is verified. Lastly, experimental results comparing the power density for a triangular and rectangular piezoelectric beams are also presented to validate the finding of the study and the claim as suggested in the literature is verified
Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of overpressurized liquid 4He
A diffusion Monte Carlo simulation of superfluid He at zero temperature
and pressures up to 275 bar is presented. Increasing the pressure beyond
freezing ( 25 bar), the liquid enters the overpressurized phase in a
metastable state. In this regime, we report results of the equation of state
and the pressure dependence of the static structure factor, the condensate
fraction, and the excited-state energy corresponding to the roton. Along this
large pressure range, both the condensate fraction and the roton energy
decrease but do not become zero. The roton energies obtained are compared with
recent experimental data in the overpressurized regime.Comment: 5 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let
Development of Knife-Edge Ridges on Ion-Bombarded Surfaces
We demonstrate in both laboratory and numerical experiments that ion
bombardment of a modestly sloped surface can create knife-edge like ridges with
extremely high slopes. Small pre-fabricated pits expand under ion bombardment,
and the collision of two such pits creates knife-edge ridges. Both laboratory
and numerical experiments show that the pit propagation speed and the precise
shape of the knife edge ridges are universal, independent of initial
conditions, as has been predicted theoretically. These observations suggest a
novel method of fabrication in which a surface is pre-patterned so that it
dynamically evolves to a desired target pattern made of knife-edge ridges.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The envelope gene of transmitted HIV-1 resists a late interferon gamma-induced block
Type I interferon (IFN) signaling engenders an antiviral state that likely plays an important role in constraining HIV-1 transmission and contributes to defining subsequent AIDS pathogenesis. Type II IFN (IFNγ) also induces an antiviral state but is often primarily considered to be an immunomodulatory cytokine. We report that IFNγ stimulation can induce an antiviral state that can be both distinct from that of type I interferon, and can potently inhibit HIV-1 in primary CD4+ T cells and a number of human cell lines. Strikingly, we find that transmitted/founder (TF) HIV-1 viruses can resist a late block that is induced by type II IFN, and the use of chimeric IFNγ- sensitive/resistant viruses indicates that interferon-resistance maps to the env gene. Simultaneously, in vitro evolution also revealed that just a single amino acid substitution in envelope can confer substantial resistance to IFN-mediated inhibition. Thus, the env gene of transmitted HIV-1 confers resistance to a late block that is phenotypically distinct from those previously described to be resisted by env, and is therefore mediated by unknown IFNγ-stimulated factor(s) in human CD4+ T cells and cell lines. This important unidentified block could play a key role in constraining HIV-1 transmission
Toxopjasmagondania Jlle and Manceaux Pada Ayam Bukan Ras (Gallus SP.) Dan Burung Merpati (Columba Una Gmelin) Dikotamadya Bogor (Toxoplosma Gondti Nicolle and Monceaux on Domestic Fowl (G&llus Sp.j and Domestic Pigeon (Columba Liua Gmelin) From Kotamadya Bo
Using Indirect Hemqiglutination (IHA) test on 26 domesticfowl (Gallus sp.)and domestic pigeon (Columba liviaj were screened "Toxoplasrna gondii infection.All of the serum samples tested were positiffor this protopal infection.From the quantitatif test on 14positives serum samples, 14,28 % has the lowest liter of1£4 and 7,14 % has the highest liter of 1:1024. Mode of the disease spreading and the prevention off.gondii were discussed
Monte Carlo Calculations for Liquid He at Negative Pressure
A Quadratic Diffusion Monte Carlo method has been used to obtain the equation
of state of liquid He including the negative pressure region down to the
spinodal point. The atomic interaction used is a renewed version (HFD-B(HE)) of
the Aziz potential, which reproduces quite accurately the features of the
experimental equation of state. The spinodal pressure has been calculated and
the behavior of the sound velociy around the spinodal density has been
analyzed.Comment: 10 pages, RevTex 3.0, with 4 PostScript figures include
False-Name Manipulation in Weighted Voting Games is Hard for Probabilistic Polynomial Time
False-name manipulation refers to the question of whether a player in a
weighted voting game can increase her power by splitting into several players
and distributing her weight among these false identities. Analogously to this
splitting problem, the beneficial merging problem asks whether a coalition of
players can increase their power in a weighted voting game by merging their
weights. Aziz et al. [ABEP11] analyze the problem of whether merging or
splitting players in weighted voting games is beneficial in terms of the
Shapley-Shubik and the normalized Banzhaf index, and so do Rey and Rothe [RR10]
for the probabilistic Banzhaf index. All these results provide merely
NP-hardness lower bounds for these problems, leaving the question about their
exact complexity open. For the Shapley--Shubik and the probabilistic Banzhaf
index, we raise these lower bounds to hardness for PP, "probabilistic
polynomial time", and provide matching upper bounds for beneficial merging and,
whenever the number of false identities is fixed, also for beneficial
splitting, thus resolving previous conjectures in the affirmative. It follows
from our results that beneficial merging and splitting for these two power
indices cannot be solved in NP, unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses,
which is considered highly unlikely
Effects of three-body interactions on the structure and thermodynamics of liquid krypton
Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to predict the
structural and thermodynamic properties of liquid krypton using a potential
energy function based on the two-body potential of Aziz and Slaman plus the
triple-dipole Axilrod-Teller (AT) potential. By varying the strength of the AT
potential we study the influence of three-body contribution beyond the
triple-dipole dispersion. It is seen that the AT potential gives an overall
good description of liquid Kr, though other contributions such as higher order
three-body dispersion and exchange terms cannot be ignored.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX, to appear in J. Chem. Phy
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