The Golf Caddie - The Forgotten Worker

Caddies are an integral part of the game of golf. As an occupation, little is known regarding the physical and psychological demands of caddying. Likewise, there is a dearth of scientific literature regarding musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among caddies. This research endeavor attempted to provide a review of literature regarding the physical demands associated with caddying as well as the prevalence of MSDs. The authors then provide targeted research recommendations to address the shortcomings of the current state of the scientific literature as related to the occupation of caddying. This information may help inform workplace health intervention strategies to improve job performance/satisfaction, lower the occurrence of MSDs, lower health care costs, increase occupational longevity, and enhance the quality of life for the professional caddie

Masters Athletes: No Evidence of Increased Incidence of Injury in Football Code Athletes

The World Masters Games, held quadrennially, is the largest international sporting competition in terms of participant numbers. Yet this cohort remains proportionately under investigated. An online survey using an open-source specialized survey application software program was utilized to investigate the 2009 Sydney World Masters Games (SWMG) football code athletes (association football, touch football, rugby union). A total of 931 masters athletes (28.2% response rate, aged 29 - 72 yrs, mean = 47.6, SD ± 7.1, 52.5% male) completed the survey, with touch football reporting the highest incidence of injury (29.2%) followed by rugby (27.0%) and soccer (21.2%). Analyzing injury data (t-tests, chi square) identified patterns in injury location (legs (11.2%, p \u3c 0.01) followed by knees, feet and ankles) and significant (p \u3c 0.01) classification patterns (muscle/tendon strain/tear (13.0%, p \u3c 0.05), inflammation (6.1%), joint pain (6.0%) and ligament sprain/tear (5.8%)). There were also significant differences (p \u3c 0.01) compared to general and elite sporting population data. For masters football athletes at the SWMG, the injury incidence during preparation for the tournament has similarities to, but is in fact significantly less than for these other sporting populations. Some gender and sport based differences in injury location and classification type were identified. There were also no significant age related changes in injury nature (classification type, location, incidence, time off work or training). Therefore these findings do not support the premise of masters football code athletes having a higher incidence of injury as compared to younger athletes

Masters Athletes: No Evidence of Increased Incidence of Injury in Football Code Athletes

The World Masters Games, held quadrennially, is the largest international sporting competition in terms of participant numbers. Yet this cohort remains proportionately under investigated. An online survey using an open-source specialized survey application software program was utilized to investigate the 2009 Sydney World Masters Games (SWMG) football code athletes (association football, touch football, rugby union). A total of 931 masters athletes (28.2% response rate, aged 29 - 72 yrs, mean = 47.6, SD ± 7.1, 52.5% male) completed the survey, with touch football reporting the highest incidence of injury (29.2%) followed by rugby (27.0%) and soccer (21.2%). Analyzing injury data (t-tests, chi square) identified patterns in injury location (legs (11.2%, p \u3c 0.01) followed by knees, feet and ankles) and significant (p \u3c 0.01) classification patterns (muscle/tendon strain/tear (13.0%, p \u3c 0.05), inflammation (6.1%), joint pain (6.0%) and ligament sprain/tear (5.8%)). There were also significant differences (p \u3c 0.01) compared to general and elite sporting population data. For masters football athletes at the SWMG, the injury incidence during preparation for the tournament has similarities to, but is in fact significantly less than for these other sporting populations. Some gender and sport based differences in injury location and classification type were identified. There were also no significant age related changes in injury nature (classification type, location, incidence, time off work or training). Therefore these findings do not support the premise of masters football code athletes having a higher incidence of injury as compared to younger athletes

Retaining Expression on De-identified Faces

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017The extensive use of video surveillance along with advances in face recognition has ignited concerns about the privacy of the people identifiable in the recorded documents. A face de-identification algorithm, named k-Same, has been proposed by prior research and guarantees to thwart face recognition software. However, like many previous attempts in face de-identification, kSame fails to preserve the utility such as gender and expression of the original data. To overcome this, a new algorithm is proposed here to preserve data utility as well as protect privacy. In terms of utility preservation, this new algorithm is capable of preserving not only the category of the facial expression (e.g., happy or sad) but also the intensity of the expression. This new algorithm for face de-identification possesses a great potential especially with real-world images and videos as each facial expression in real life is a continuous motion consisting of images of the same expression with various degrees of intensity.Peer reviewe

COVID-19: Beyond Washing Your Hands and Social Distancing

A pandemic due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 virus was declared as of March 2020. The authors provide perspective towards preventing and/or mitigating the impact of contracting the virus known as COVID-19. The authors posit straightforward strategies that an individual could implement that may decrease the likelihood of developing COVID-19, help lessen the severity of the symptoms related to the COVID-19 and potentially mitigate the transmission of the virus. The authors consider their comments as food for thought and not as professional medical advice. If you believe you have contracted the COVID-19 virus seek the advice of your healthcare provider

Exile Vol. XXXV No. 2

Peter Goes Groovy, by Carolyn Bern (cover) I Hate Poetry by Craig Bagno 1 Truancy by Richard Latimer 2 I ate a Star Last Night by Rory Herbster 3 Delivery by Amy Judge 4 Untitled by Sue McLain 5 Road Signs by Richard Latimer 7-8 Haiku for Me to Possess by Shannon J. Salser 9 Patches by Michael Payne 10 Untitled by Laura Johnson 11 He by Kent Lambert 13 At the Corner Grill by Lynn Pendleton 14-15 Black Licorice by Richard Latimer 16-17 Blue Shirt by Michael Payne 18 ...Loves a Clown by Margaret Dawson 21-24 The Surreal Sonnet by Shannon J. Salser 26 Untitled by Mat Benson 27 Swimming Lessons by Richard Latimer 29 Communion by Amy Judge 30 Beth\u27s Last Funny Joke by Ted Gould 31-35 Hope for a Peaceful Coming Around by Shannon J. Salser 36 Untitled by Laura Johnson 37 A Child\u27s Moment by Peter Witonsky 39 Observation by Rosemary Walsh 40 Untitled by Carolyn Burns 41 To My Sister by Amy B. Judge 43 Ideas In Bloom by Randy Casden 44 Untitled by Deb Tily 45 A Child of Mind by Charles Riedinger 47 Ars Poetica by Rory Herbster 48 Untitled by Mat Benson 49 REPRINTS Dancer by Bradford Cover 52 Skin Deep by Eric Whitney 53-55 Sunset by Chris Rynd 56 Editorial decision is shared equally among the Editorial Board Members -cover page The editors of Exile would like to formally apologize to those contributors whose works were misprinted in the Fall issue. We have reprinted a few of the pieces that contained the most errors. -51 NOTE: An uncredited and untitled piece of artwork appears on page 19. NOTE: Carolyn Bern (cover) Burns (41) and Berns (contributor notes) all appear to refer to the same artist

Extracting clean supernova spectra

We use a new technique to extract the spectrum of a supernova from that of the contaminating background of its host galaxy, and apply it to the specific case of high-redshift Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) spectroscopy. The algorithm is based on a two-channel iterative technique employing the Richardson-Lucy restoration method and is implemented in the IRAF code 'specinholucy'. We run the code both on simulated (SN Ia at z=0.5 embedded in a bright host galaxy) and observed (SNe Ia at various phases up to z=0.236) data taken with VLT+FORS1 and show the advantages of using such a deconvolution technique in comparison with less elaborate methods. This paper is motivated by the need for optimal supernova spectroscopic data reduction in order to make meaningful comparisons between the low and high-redshift SN Ia samples. This may reveal subtle evolutionary and systematic effects that could depend on redshift and bias the cosmological results derived from comparisons of local and high-z SNe Ia in recent years. We describe the various aspects of the extraction in some detail as guidelines for the first-time user and present an optimal observing strategy for successful implementation of this method in future high-z SN Ia spectroscopic follow-up programmes.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Local-Group tests of dark-matter Concordance Cosmology: Towards a new paradigm for structure formation

(abridged) Predictions of the Concordance Cosmological Model (CCM) of the structures in the environment of large spiral galaxies are compared with observed properties of Local Group galaxies. Five new most probably irreconcilable problems are uncovered. However, the Local Group properties provide hints that may lead to a solution of the above problems The DoS and bulge--satellite correlation suggest that dissipational events forming bulges are related to the processes forming phase-space correlated satellite populations. Such events are well known to occur since in galaxy encounters energy and angular momentum are expelled in the form of tidal tails, which can fragment to form populations of tidal-dwarf galaxies (TDGs) and associated star clusters. If Local Group satellite galaxies are to be interpreted as TDGs then the sub-structure predictions of CCM are internally in conflict. All findings thus suggest that the CCM does not account for the Local Group observations and that therefore existing as well as new viable alternatives have to be further explored. These are discussed and natural solutions for the above problems emerge.Comment: A and A, in press, 25 pages, 9 figures; new version contains minor text adjustments for conformity with the published version and additional minor changes resulting from reader's feedback. The speculation on a dark force has been added. Also, the Fritz Zwicky Paradox is now included to agree with the published versio

Exile Vol. XXXV No. 1

ARTWORK Untitled by Eric Whitney (cover) Untitled by Rory Herbster 7 Little Boy by Eric Whitney 45 FICTION Through the Window Pane by Jennifer Read 4 to whom i may concern by Chris Campi 19 For Lack of Sleep by Amy Judge 26 Jonathan by Jim Cox 39 Skin Deep by Eric Whitney 51 NON-FICTION A Theopoetic by Robert Marshall 11 POETRY Clay Pot by Christopher Collette 1 Ars Poetica by Mans Agantyr 2 Bible Thumber by Chris Rynd 6 Play by Amy Judge 9 Satellites by Andrew C. Carinston 10 Music - Love? by Shammon J. Salser 15 Allusion by Rosemary Walsh 17 Self Portrait by Margaret Dawson 18 On Our Way by Lynn Pendleton 21 They called her Mitzi... by Jen Miller 22 Storms of Illusion by Kevin Merriman 23 Beauty by Andrew C. Carington 24 Thoughts of a Husband by Kent Lambert 25 The Music of the Sum by Zach Smith 31 Don\u27t Think by Mary Forsythe 32 Aspiration by Tim Emrick 33 Where We Go Together by Man Angantyr 35 Sunset by Chris Byrd 36 The Child of my Fatalism by Jennifer Peterson 37 Untitled by Kent Lambert 38 Terribly close to being... by Michael Payne 44 Anne Frank\u27s House by Mary Forsythe 47 Invitation by Kevin Merriman 48 Height Protest by Jen Miller 49 Dancer by Bradford Cover 50 Ars Poetica by Amy Judge 55 Editorial decision is shared equally among the Editorial Board members -title page NOTE: The author of the poem Satellites is listed as Andrew C. Carinston in the published table of contents. This is likely a misspelling as there are four instances of an Andrew C. Carington elsewhere in this edition, including the attribution on the page where Satellites is published. NOTE: The author of the poem Where We Go Together is listed as Man Angantyr in the published table of contents. This is likely a misspelling as there are four instances of an Mans Angantyr elsewhere in this edition, including the attribution on the pages where Where We Go Together is published. NOTE: Chris Byrd is listed as the author of the poem Sunset in the published version. However a note in the received version indicates that the author is actually Chris Rynd, whose poem Bible Thumper is also published in this issue. No Chris Byrd is listed among the contributors to this issue. NOTE: The author of the poem Music = Love? is listed as Shammon J. Salser in the published table of contents. This is likely a misspelling. Where Music = Love? appears the author is listed as Shannon J. Salser. The same is true of the contributors section. NOTE: Though the published table of contents is followed here, the poem by Zach Smith that is published on page 31 is listed as The Music of the Sun on page 31