Agricultura de precisión con drones para control de enfermedades en la planta de arroz

This text deals with the detection of diseases in the rice plant, implementing precision agriculture with drones.  They use a color sensor (camera)  that will be able to identify the spectrum of colors in the crops, which means, recognize the area that is specifically affected within it, then the farmer can apply the necessary chemicals limited to this area, In this way, the current method of treating diseases in which pesticides are applied to the whole crop is eliminated, in effect they will reduced: costs in buying chemical products, soil contamination by not using an adequate dose. Also, improving the problem of eutrophication, currently that it is presented in Pedregal and improve the quality of the products for our food.Este texto trata sobre la detección de enfermedades en la planta de arroz, implementando agricultura de precisión con drones. Los cuales emplean un sensor de color (cámara) que será capaz de identificar el espectro de colores en los cultivos, es decir, reconocer  el área específicamente afectada dentro del mismo, acto seguido, el agricultor podrá aplicar los químicos necesarios limitándose a esta zona, dicho de otra manera, se elimina el método actual de trata de enfermedades en el cual se aplican los pesticidas al cultivo entero, en efecto se reducirán: costos en compra de productos químicos, contaminación de suelos al no utilizar una dosis adecuada. Además, mejora el problema de eutrofización, a saber, que, actualmente presentamos uno en el área de pedregal y mejora la calidad de los productos para nuestra alimentació

A new rapid desensitization protocol for chemotherapy agents

Background: Desensitization has been used for some decades to treat patients with the allergenic drug when an alternative drug with similar effi cacy and safety is not available. We present the results from a series of oncology patients desensitized at our hospital during the last 2 years. Objective: To assess the effi cacy of a new desensitization protocol in patients allergic to chemotherapy drugs. Methods: We performed an observational retrospective study of 11 women (6 breast cancer and 5 ovarian cancer) who underwent our desensitization protocol. Four patients had immediate reactions to carboplatin, 3 to docetaxel, 3 to paclitaxel, and 1 to both docetaxel and paclitaxel. Premedication was administered in all cases. A 5-step protocol based on 5 different dilutions of the drugs was used. Results: We performed 39 desensitization procedures: 14 to carboplatin, 3 to oxaliplatin, 16 to docetaxel, and 6 to paclitaxel. Eight patients tolerated the full dose in 36 procedures. One patient suffered an anaphylactic reaction to carboplatin that reverted with treatment. One patient had dyspnea after a paclitaxel cycle. One patient experienced dyspnea due to chronic pulmonary thromboembolism related to her disease. Conclusion: Desensitization is a useful procedure in patients who are allergic to their chemotherapy agents

Efficacy and safety of trabectedin in metastatic uterine leiomyosarcoma: A retrospective multicenter study of the Spanish ovarian cancer research group (GEICO)

Objective: We assessed trabectedin in patients with advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) in real-life clinical practice given according to the marketing authorization. Methods: Thirty-six women from 11 tertiary hospitals across Spain who received trabectedin after anthracyclinecontaining regimen/s were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Median PFS and overall survival (OS) since starting trabectedin treatment were 5.4 (95%CI: 3.5–7.3) and 18.5 months (95%CI: 11.5–25.6), respectively. Median OS was significantly higher (P = 0.028) in patients receiving trabectedin in ≤ 2nd line (25.3 months) than in ≥ 3rd (15.1 months) and with ECOG performance status ≤ 1 at trabectedin start (19.8 months) than ECOG 2–3 (6.0 months, P = 0.013). When calculating OS since diagnosis, patients had longer OS with localized disease at diagnosis (87.4 months) vs. locally advanced (30.0 months) or metastatic (44.0 months, P = 0.041); and patients who received adjuvant therapy (87.4 months) compared with those who did not (30.0 months, P = 0.003), especially when receiving radiochemotherapy (106.7 months, P = 0.027). One patient (2.8%) had a complete response (CR) and nine patients (25.0%) achieved a partial response (PR) for an objective response rate of 27.8% with median response duration of 11 months (range: 4–93). Eighteen patients (50.0%) had disease stabilization for a disease control rate (DCR) of 77.8%. More patients receiving trabectedin in 1st-line of advanced disease achieved CR (16.7%) and PR (50.0%) than those in ≥ 2nd line/s (0.0% and 20.0%), whereas the DCR was similar across treatment lines. Reversible neutropenia was the most common grade 3/4 laboratory abnormality (19.4%). Conclusions: Trabectedin confers clinical benefit in patients with recurrent/metastatic uLMS, given after failure to an anthracycline-based regimen being comparable to those reported in clinical trials and with a manageable safety profile

Oncologic and functional outcomes of sexual-function preserving cystectomy compared with standard radical cystectomy in men : a systematic review

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewedPostprin

Undulator design for Laser Plasma Based Free electron laser

The fourth generation of synchrotron radiation sources, commonly referred to as the Free Electron Laser (FEL), provides an intense source of brilliant X-ray beams enabling the investigation of matter at the atomic scale with unprecedented time resolution. These sources require the use of conventional linear accelerators providing high electron beam performance. The achievement of chirped pulse amplification allowing lasers to be operated at the Terawatt range, opened the way for the Laser Plasma Acceleration (LPA) technique where high energy electron bunches with high current can be produced within a very short centimeter-scale distance. Such an advanced acceleration concept is of great interest to be qualified by an FEL application for compact X-ray light sources. We explore in this paper what the LPA specificities imply on the design of the undulator, part of the gain medium. First, the LPA concept and state-of-art are presented showing the different operation regimes and what electron beam parameters are likely to be achieved. The LPA scaling laws are discussed afterwards to better understand what laser or plasma parameters have to be adjusted in order to improve electron beam quality. The FEL is secondly discussed starting with the spontaneous emission, followed by the different FEL configurations, the electron beam transport to the undulator and finally the scaling laws and correction terms in the high gain case. Then, the different types of compact undulators that can be implemented for an LPA based FEL application are analyzed. Finally, examples of relevant experiments are reported by describing the transport beamline, presenting the spontaneous emission characteristics achieved so far and the future prospects

Tratamiento hormonal del cáncer de mama

Hormonal therapy has been the first systemic treatment against breast cancer. Up to now Tamoxifen and ovarian supression/ablation were the best optionts we had to treat early breast cancer as advancer disease. The advent of aromatase inhibitors, new SERMS and antistrogen Fulvestrant have supoused a great advance in the treatment of this disease and at the same time have complicated the election of the optimal drug for each patient. This article tries to review the aviable treatment options insiting on its indications

In situ monitoring of the phenomenon of electrochemical promotion of catalysis

In this work we investigate by in-situ near-ambient pressure photoemission (NAPP) spectroscopy the phenomenon of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis (EPOC). We studied the reduction and diffusion kinetics of alkaline ions in a solid electrolyte cell formed by a nickel electrode supported on K+-β-alumina electrolyte. Experiments in ultra-high vacuum and in the presence of steam showed that the amount of potassium atoms supplied to the surface is probably affected by nickel electronic modifications induced by adsorbed OH− groups. It was also deduced that part of the segregated potassium would be adsorbed at inner interfaces where it would be inaccessible to the photoelectron analyzer. A migration mechanism of the promoter is proposed consisting in: (i) the electrochemical reduction of the alkali ions (potassium) at the Ni/solid electrolyte/gas interface; (ii) the spillover of potassium atoms onto the Ni gas-exposed surface; and (iii) the diffusion of potassium atoms to Ni inner grain boundary interfaces.En este trabajo investigamos mediante espectroscopía de fotoemisión a presión cercana al ambiente in situ (NAPP) el fenómeno de la Promoción Electroquímica de la Catálisis (EPOC). Estudiamos la cinética de reducción y difusión de iones alcalinos en una celda de electrolito sólido formada por un electrodo de níquel soportado sobre electrolito K + -β-alúmina. Los experimentos en vacío ultraalto y en presencia de vapor mostraron que la cantidad de átomos de potasio suministrados a la superficie probablemente se ve afectada por modificaciones electrónicas de níquel inducidas por OH adsorbido .grupos También se dedujo que parte del potasio segregado sería adsorbido en las interfaces internas donde sería inaccesible para el analizador de fotoelectrones. Se propone un mecanismo de migración del promotor que consiste en: (i) la reducción electroquímica de los iones alcalinos (potasio) en la interfase Ni/electrolito sólido/gas; (ii) el derrame de átomos de potasio sobre la superficie expuesta al gas Ni; y (iii) la difusión de átomos de potasio a las interfaces de límite de grano interno de Ni

Graphene Formation Mechanism by the Electrochemical Promotion of a Ni Catalyst

In this work, we show that multilayer graphene forms by methanol decomposition at 280 °C on an electrochemically promoted nickel catalyst film supported on a K-βAl2O3 solid electrolyte. In operando near ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements have shown that polarizing negatively the Ni electrode induces the electrochemical reduction and migration of potassium to the nickel surface. This elemental potassium promotes the catalytic decomposition of methanol into graphene and also stabilizes the graphene formed via diffusion and direct K–C interaction. Experiments reveal that adsorbed methoxy radicals are intermediate species in this process and that, once formed, multilayer graphene remains stable after electrochemical oxidation and back migration of potassium to the solid electrolyte upon positive polarization. The reversible diffusion of ca. 100 equivalent monolayers of potassium through the carbon layers and the unprecedented low-temperature formation of graphene and other carbon forms are mechanistic pathways of high potential impact for applications where mild synthesis and operation conditions are required.En este trabajo mostramos que el grafeno multicapa se forma por descomposición del metanol a 280 °C sobre una película de catalizador de níquel promovida electroquímicamente soportada sobre un K-βAl 2 O 3electrolito sólido. Operando cerca de la espectroscopia de fotoemisión a presión ambiental y las mediciones electroquímicas han demostrado que la polarización negativa del electrodo de Ni induce la reducción electroquímica y la migración del potasio a la superficie del níquel. Este potasio elemental promueve la descomposición catalítica del metanol en grafeno y también estabiliza el grafeno formado a través de la difusión y la interacción directa K-C. Los experimentos revelan que los radicales metoxi adsorbidos son especies intermedias en este proceso y que, una vez formado, el grafeno multicapa permanece estable después de la oxidación electroquímica y la migración de regreso del potasio al electrolito sólido tras la polarización positiva. La difusión reversible de ca

Evaluation of different bowel preparations for small bowel capsule endoscopy: a prospective, randomized, controlled study

To obtain an adequate view of the whole small intestine during capsule endoscopy (CE) a clear liquid diet and overnight fasting is recommended. However, intestinal content can hamper vision in spite of these measures. Our aim was to evaluate tolerance and degree of intestinal cleanliness during CE following three types of bowel preparation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Two-hundred ninety-one patients underwent one of the following preparations: 4 L of clear liquids (CL) (group A; 92 patients); 90 mL of aqueous sodium phosphate (group B; 89 patients); or 4 L of a polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (group C; 92 patients). The degree of cleanliness of the small bowel was classified by blinded examiners according to four categories (excellent, good, fair or poor). The degree of patient satisfaction, gastric and small bowel transit times, and diagnostic yield were measured. RESULTS: The degree of cleanliness did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.496). Interobserver concordance was fair (k = 0.38). No significant differences were detected between the diagnostic yields of the CE (P = 0.601). Gastric transit time was 35.7 +/- 3.7 min (group A), 46.1 +/- 8.6 min (group B) and 34.6 +/- 5.0 min (group C) (P = 0.417). Small-intestinal transit time was 276.9 +/- 10.7 min (group A), 249.7 +/- 13.1 min (group B) and 245.6 +/- 11.6 min (group C) (P = 0.120). CL was the best tolerated preparation. Compliance with the bowel preparation regimen was lowest in group C (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: A clear liquid diet and overnight fasting is sufficient to achieve an adequate level of cleanliness and is better tolerated by patients than other forms of preparation

A crowdsourcing database for the copy-number variation of the spanish population

Background: Despite being a very common type of genetic variation, the distribution of copy-number variations (CNVs) in the population is still poorly understood. The knowledge of the genetic variability, especially at the level of the local population, is a critical factor for distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic variation in the discovery of new disease variants. Results: Here, we present the SPAnish Copy Number Alterations Collaborative Server (SPACNACS), which currently contains copy number variation profiles obtained from more than 400 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. By means of a collaborative crowdsourcing effort whole genome and whole exome sequencing data, produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes, is continuously collected. Once checked both, the Spanish ancestry and the lack of kinship with other individuals in the SPACNACS, the CNVs are inferred for these sequences and they are used to populate the database. A web interface allows querying the database with different filters that include ICD10 upper categories. This allows discarding samples from the disease under study and obtaining pseudo-control CNV profiles from the local population. We also show here additional studies on the local impact of CNVs in some phenotypes and on pharmacogenomic variants. SPACNACS can be accessed at: http://csvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/spacnacs/. Conclusion: SPACNACS facilitates disease gene discovery by providing detailed information of the local variability of the population and exemplifies how to reuse genomic data produced for other purposes to build a local reference database.This work is supported by Grants PID2020-117979RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; by the Institute of Health Carlos III (project IMPaCT-Data, exp. IMP/00019, IMP/00009 and PI20/01305), co-funded by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, “A way to make Europe”)