8,581 research outputs found
Twelve tips for teaching brief motivational interviewing to medical students
Background: Shifting from paternalistic to patient-centred doctor-patient relationships has seen a growing number of medical programs incorporate brief motivational interviewing training in their curriculum. Some medical educators, however, are unsure of precisely what, when, and how to incorporate such training. Aims: This article provides educators with 12 tips for teaching brief motivational interviewing to medical students, premised on evidence-based pedagogy. Methods: Tips were drawn from the literature and authors’ own experiences. Results: The 12 tips are: (1) Set clear learning objectives, (2) Select experienced educators, (3) Provide theoretical perspectives, (4) Share the evidence base, (5) Outline the “spirit”, principles, and sequence, (6) Show students what it looks like, (7) Give students a scaffold to follow, (8) Provide opportunities for skill practice, (9) Involve clinical students in teaching, (10) Use varied formative and summative assessments, (11) Integrate and maintain, and (12) Reflect and evaluate. Conclusions: We describe what to include and why, and outline when and how to teach the essential components of brief motivational interviewing knowledge and skills in a medical curriculum
Improved timber harvest techniques maintain biodiversity in tropical forests
Tropical forests are selectively logged at 20 times the rate at which they are cleared, and at least a fifth have already been disturbed in this way. In a recent pan-tropical assessment, Burivalova et al. demonstrate the importance of logging intensity as a driver of biodiversity decline in timber estates. Their analyses reveal that species richness of some taxa could decline by 50% at harvest intensities of 38 m3 ha-1. However, they did not consider the extraction techniques that lead to these intensities. Here, we conduct a complementary meta-analysis of assemblage responses to differing logging practices: conventional logging and reduced-impact logging. We show that biodiversity impacts are markedly less severe in forests that utilise reduced-impact logging, compared to those using conventional methods. While supporting the initial findings of Burivalova et al., we go on to demonstrate that best practice forestry techniques curtail the effects of timber extraction regardless of intensity. Therefore, harvest intensities are not always indicative of actual disturbance levels resulting from logging. Accordingly, forest managers and conservationists should advocate practices that offer reduced collateral damage through best practice extraction methods, such as those used in reduced-impact logging. Large-scale implementation of this approach would lead to improved conservation values in the 4 million km2 of tropical forests that are earmarked for timber extraction
Short-term reliability of inflammatory mediators and response to exercise in the heat.
Prospective application of serum cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and heat shock proteins (eHSPs) requires reliable measurement of these biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. To accomplish this, both short-term (7 day) reliability (at rest, n = 12) and the acute responsiveness of each biomarker to exercise in the heat (pre and post 60-min cycling, 34.5°C and 70% RH, n = 20) were evaluated. Serum was analysed for the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and LPS. Test–retest reliability was determined as the coefficient of variation (CV). Biomarkers with the least short-term within-participant variation were IL-6 (19%, ±20%; CV, ±95% confidence limits (CL)) and LPS (23%, ±13%). Greater variability was observed for IgM, eHSP72 and CRP (CV range 28–38%). IL-6 exhibited the largest increase in response to acute exercise (95%, ±11%, P = < 0.001) and although CRP had a modest CV (12%, ±7%), it increased substantially post-exercise (P = 0.02, ES; 0.78). In contrast, eHSP72 and LPS exhibited trivial changes post-exercise. It appears variation of common inflammatory markers after exercise in the heat is not always discernible from short-term (weekly) variation
Still\u27s Disease in Adults
In 1897, Dr. George F. Still described 22 children with a form of chronic joint disease which differed from rheumatic fever. Twelve of these children had a syndrome characterized by glandular and splenic enlargement which, with a characteristic fever pattern, rash, and arthritis, has become known as Still\u27s disease. Subsequent investigators have described patients over age 16 presenting with similar signs and symptoms suggesting that this syndrome is not specific for children. We recently studied a patient in whom the diagnosis of adult onset Still\u27s disease was made
Force correlations and arches formation in granular assemblies
In the context of a simple microscopic schematic scalar model we study the
effects of spatial correlations in force transmission in granular assemblies.
We show that the parameters of the normalized weights distribution function,
, strongly depend on the spatial extensions,
, of such correlations. We show, then, the connections between
measurable macroscopic quantities and microscopic mechanisms enhancing
correlations. In particular we evaluate how the exponential cut-off,
, and the small forces power law exponent, , depend
on the correlation length, . If correlations go to infinity, weights are
power law distributed.Comment: 6 page
Possibilities for pedagogy in Further Education: Harnessing the abundance of literacy
In this report, it is argued that the most salient factor in the contemporary communicative landscape is the sheer abundance and diversity of possibilities for literacy, and that the extent and nature of students' communicative resources is a central issue in education. The text outlines the conceptual underpinnings of the Literacies for Learning in Further Education project in a social view of literacy, and the associated research design, methodology and analytical framework. It elaborates on the notion of the abundance of literacies in students' everyday lives, and on the potential for harnessing these as resources for the enhancement of learning. It provides case studies of changes in practice that have been undertaken by further education staff in order to draw upon students' everyday literacy practices on Travel and Tourism and Multimedia courses. It ends with some of the broad implications for conceptualising learning that arise from researching through the lens of literacy practices
Strong-Isospin Violation in the Neutron-Proton Mass Difference from Fully-Dynamical Lattice QCD and PQQCD
We determine the strong-isospin violating component of the neutron-proton
mass difference from fully-dynamical lattice QCD and partially-quenched QCD
calculations of the nucleon mass, constrained by partially-quenched chiral
perturbation theory at one-loop level. The lattice calculations were performed
with domain-wall valence quarks on MILC lattices with rooted staggered
sea-quarks at a lattice spacing of b=0.125 fm, lattice spatial size of L=2.5 fm
and pion masses ranging from m_pi ~ 290 MeV to ~ 350 MeV. At the physical value
of the pion mass, we predict M_n - M_p |(d-u) = 2.26 +- 0.57 +- 0.42 +- 0.10
MeV where the first error is statistical, the second error is due to the
uncertainty in the ratio of light-quark masses, eta=m_u/m_d, determined by
MILC, and the third error is an estimate of the systematic due to chiral
extrapolation.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Ariel - Volume 2 Number 3
Editors
Delvyn C. Case, Jr.
Paul M. Fernhoff
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Richard Bonanno
Daniel B. Gould
Robin A. Edwards
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Carol Dolinskas
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James J. Nocon
Contributing Editors
Michael J. Blecker
Lin Sey Edwards
Jack Guralnik
W. Cherry Light
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Steven A. Ager
Donald A. Bergman
Stephen P. Flynn
Business Manager
Nick Greg
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