1,598 research outputs found
Discovery of an ultramassive pulsating white dwarf
We announce the discovery of the most massive pulsating hydrogen-atmosphere
(DA) white dwarf (WD) ever discovered, GD 518. Model atmosphere fits to the
optical spectrum of this star show it is a 12,030 +/- 210 K WD with a log(g) =
9.08 +/- 0.06, which corresponds to a mass of 1.20 +/- 0.03 Msun. Stellar
evolution models indicate that the progenitor of such a high-mass WD endured a
stable carbon-burning phase, producing an oxygen-neon-core WD. The discovery of
pulsations in GD 518 thus offers the first opportunity to probe the interior of
a WD with a possible oxygen-neon core. Such a massive WD should also be
significantly crystallized at this temperature. The star exhibits
multi-periodic luminosity variations at timescales ranging from roughly 425-595
s and amplitudes up to 0.7%, consistent in period and amplitude with the
observed variability of typical ZZ Ceti stars, which exhibit non-radial g-mode
pulsations driven by a hydrogen partial ionization zone. Successfully
unraveling both the total mass and core composition of GD 518 provides a unique
opportunity to investigate intermediate-mass stellar evolution, and can
possibly place an upper limit to the mass of a carbon-oxygen-core WD, which in
turn constrains SNe Ia progenitor systems.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Astrophysical Journal Letters, 771, L2 (2013
The pulsating DA white dwarf star EC 14012-1446: results from four epochs of time-resolved photometry
The pulsating DA white dwarfs are the coolest degenerate stars that undergo
self-driven oscillations. Understanding their interior structure will help to
understand the previous evolution of the star. To this end, we report the
analysis of more than 200 h of time-resolved CCD photometry of the pulsating DA
white dwarf star EC 14012-1446 acquired during four observing epochs in three
different years, including a coordinated three-site campaign. A total of 19
independent frequencies in the star's light variations together with 148
combination signals up to fifth order could be detected. We are unable to
obtain the period spacing of the normal modes and therefore a mass estimate of
the star, but we infer a fairly short rotation period of 0.61 +/- 0.03 d,
assuming the rotationally split modes are l=1. The pulsation modes of the star
undergo amplitude and frequency variations, in the sense that modes with higher
radial overtone show more pronounced variability and that amplitude changes are
always accompanied by frequency variations. Most of the second-order
combination frequencies detected have amplitudes that are a function of their
parent mode amplitudes, but we found a few cases of possible resonantly excited
modes. We point out the complications in the analysis and interpretation of
data sets of pulsating white dwarfs that are affected by combination
frequencies of the form f_A+f_B-f_C intruding into the frequency range of the
independent modes.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables. MNRAS, in pres
Environmental risk assessment in a contaminated estuary: an integrated weight of evidence approach as a decision support tool
Environmental risk assessment of complex ecosystems such as estuaries is a challenge, where innovative
and integrated approaches are needed. The present work aimed at developing an innovative integrative
methodology to evaluate in an impacted estuary (the Sado, in Portugal, was taken as case study), the
adverse effects onto both ecosystem and human health. For the purpose, new standardized lines of
evidence based on multiple quantitative data were integrated into a weight of evidence according to a
best expert judgment approach. The best professional judgment for a weight of evidence approach in the
present study was based on the following lines of evidence: i) human contamination pathways; ii)
human health effects: chronic disease; iii) human health effects: reproductive health; iv) human health
effects: health care; v) human exposure through consumption of local agriculture produce; vi) exposure
to contaminated of water wells and agriculture soils; vii) contamination of the estuarine sedimentary
environment (metal and organic contaminants); viii) effects on benthic organisms with commercial
value; and ix) genotoxic potential of sediments. Each line of evidence was then ordinally ranked by levels
of ecological or human health risk, according to a tabular decision matrix and expert judgment. Fifteen
experts scored two fishing areas of the Sado estuary and a control estuarine area, in a scale of increasing
environmental risk and management actions to be taken. The integrated assessment allowed concluding
that the estuary should not be regarded as impacted by a specific toxicant, such as metals and organic
compounds hitherto measured, but by the cumulative risk of a complex mixture of contaminants. The
proven adverse effects on species with commercial value may be used to witness the environmental
quality of the estuarine ecosystem. This method argues in favor of expert judgment and qualitative
assessment as a decision support tool to the integrative management of estuaries. Namely it allows
communicating environmental risk and proposing mitigation measures to local authorities and population
under a holistic perspective as an alternative to narrow single line of evidence approaches, which
is mandatory to understand cause and effect relationships in complex areas like estuaries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
An assessment of scale-dependent variability and bias in global prediction models
The paper presents a method for the scale-dependent validation of the spatio-temporal variability in global weather or climate models and for their bias quantification in relation to dynamics. The method provides a relationship between the bias and simulated spatial and temporal variance by a model in comparison with verifying reanalysis data. For the low resolution (T30L8) subset of ERA-20C data, it was found that 80–90 (depending on season) of the global interannual variance is at planetary scales (zonal wavenumbers k = 0−3), and only about 1 of the variance is at scales with k> 7. The reanalysis is used to validate a T30L8 GCM in two configurations, one with the prescribed sea-surface temperature (SST) and another using a slab ocean model. Although the model with the prescribed SST represents the average properties of surface fields well, the interannual variability is underestimated at all scales. Similar to variability, model bias is strongly scale dependent. Biases found in the experiment with the prescribed SST are largely increased in the experiment using a slab ocean, especially in k= 0 , in scales with missing variability and in seasons with poorly simulated energy distribution. The perfect model scenario (a comparison between the GCM coupled to a slab ocean vs. the same model with prescribed SSTs) shows that the representation of the ocean is not critical for synoptic to subsynoptic variability, but essential for capturing the planetary scales. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature
Tungsten oxide nanoparticles prepared with soft templating methods
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT
Supramolecular dehydropeptide hydrogels: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications
Self-assembled low molecular weight peptide hydrogels have emerged in recent years as the new paradigm in biomaterials research due to their high water content; fully organic struc-ture; intrinsic nontoxicity and biocompatibility and fibrillar nanostructure indicative of the ex-tracellular matrix.1 The properties of peptide hydrogels can be tuned by design and there is a large variety of possible hydrogelator structures using proteinogenic and non proteinogenic aminoacids. Our research group has recently described a series of self-assembled hydrogels based on dehydrodipeptides N-protected with an aromatic moiety. The C-terminal dehy-droaminoacid residue (dehydrophenylalanine, dehydroaminobutyric acid and dehydroalanine) is prone to make the peptide resistant to prote-olysis and restrains the conformational freedom of the peptide.2 In this work the preparation and characterization of the new hydrogelators as well as the corresponding hydrogels will be presented together with some biomedical appli-cations of the new biomaterials prepared name-ly as drug delivery systems or as plataforms for theragnostics.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding of CQUM (UID/QUI/00686/2016) and CF-UM-UP (UID/FIS/04650/2013 and UID/FIS/04650/ 2019), FEDER, PORTUGAL2020 and COMPETE2020 are also acknowledged for funding under the research projects PTDC/QUI-QFI/28020/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028020) and PTDC/QUI-QOR/29015/ 2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029015)
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