Motivational component profiles in university students learning histology: a comparative study between genders and different health science curricula

Background: The students' motivation to learn basic sciences in health science curricula is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different components of motivation (intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy and extrinsic -career and grade-motivation) on learning human histology in health science curricula and their relationship with the final performance of the students in histology. Methods: Glynn Science Motivation Questionnaire II was used to compare students' motivation components to learn histology in 367 first-year male and female undergraduate students enrolled in medical, dentistry and pharmacy degree programs. Results: For intrinsic motivation, career motivation and self-efficacy, the highest values corresponded to medical students, whereas dentistry students showed the highest values for self-determination and grade motivation. Genders differences were found for career motivation in medicine, self-efficacy in dentistry, and intrinsic motivation, self-determination and grade motivation in pharmacy. Career motivation and self-efficacy components correlated with final performance in histology of the students corresponding to the three curricula. Conclusions: Our results show that the overall motivational profile for learning histology differs among medical, dentistry and pharmacy students. This finding is potentially useful to foster their learning process, because if they are metacognitively aware of their motivation they will be better equipped to self-regulate their science-learning behavior in histology. This information could be useful for instructors and education policy makers to enhance curricula not only on the cognitive component of learning but also to integrate students' levels and types of motivation into the processes of planning, delivery and evaluation of medical education.This research was supported by the Unidad de Innovación Docente, University of Granada, Spain through grants UGR11-294 and UGR11-303

Motivation autodéterminée et perceptions de conflit et d'instrumentalité liées au rôle de pratiquant sportif (relations et influence sur l'engagement et le désengagement sportif)

Le conflit d'intérêt ou le manque de temps font partie des explications les plus souvent avancées par les adolescents ou les adultes afin de justifier l'arrêt de la pratique d'une activité sportive ou l'absence d'activité physique régulière. Ce travail doctoral vise à enrichir un modèle motivationnel de l'engagement sportif basé sur la théorie de l'autodétermination (Ryan & Deci, 2002), en y intégrant les perceptions de conflit et d'instrumentalité liées au rôle de pratiquant. Un programme de recherche articulé autour de 5 études et impliquant plus de 2500 participants a été conduit. L'étude 1, qui a comparé des jeunes pratiquants et d'anciens sportifs, a confirmé le lien entre les conflits perçus par rapport à la pratique sportive et le comportement d'abandon, et la relation négative entre les conflits et la motivation autodéterminée sportive. Les études 2 à 4 ont adopté un devis longitudinal sur une durée allant de 6 mois à 3 ans, afin d'étudier de façon approfondie les antécédents des perceptions de conflit et d'instrumentalité liées au rôle de pratiquant, et leur impact sur les comportements d'engagement sportif. Les résultats indiquent que le degré de motivation autodéterminée contextuelle prédit généralement négativement les conflits perçus, et positivement l'instrumentalité de la pratique sportive. Des niveaux élevés de conflit et faibles d'instrumentalité liés au rôle de sportif, semblent néfastes au maintien de l'engagement sportif dans le temps. Enfin, le devis expérimental de l'étude 5 a examiné le sens de la relation entre la motivation autodéterminée et conflit, soutenant l'hypothèse d'un rôle causal de la motivation.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Measuring implicit attitudes toward physical activity and sedentary behaviors: Test-retest reliability of three scoring algorithms of the Implicit Association Test and Single Category-Implicit Association Test

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Objectives The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Single-Category IAT (SC-IAT) are two frequently used measures of implicit attitudes. Nonetheless, the test-retest reliability of these measures has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability of a physical activity versus sedentary behavior IAT, a physical activity SC-IAT, and a sedentary behavior SC-IAT. Method A total of 111 older adults living with chronic diseases were recruited. They either completed a physical activity versus sedentary behavior IAT (N = 54) or two independent SC-IATs of physical activity and sedentary behavior (N = 57). These tests were administered twice in a one-hour interval. Three scores were computed for each test (D-Score, DW-Score, IP-Score). Both absolute and relative test-retest reliability was computed. Results Regarding absolute reliability, the tests were comparable regardless of the scoring algorithm (Coefficients of Repeatability ranged from 1.27 for the two SC-IATs with the D-Score, to 1.36 for the IAT with the D-Score and DW-Score). Regarding relative test-retest reliability, the IAT systematically showed better reliability than the two SC-IATs. The DW-Score systematically exhibited better reliability compared to other scores (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ranged from 0.20 for the sedentary behavior SC-IAT with the D-Score to 0.78 for the IAT with the DW-Score). Conclusion Adequate test-retest reliability for the IAT was supported independently from the scoring algorithms. Test-retest reliability for the two independent SC-IATs was not supported in this study. The IAT is more sensitive to change than the SC-IATs, which needs to be accounted for in future research on physical activity and sedentary behavior implicit attitudes

Putting the pieces together: reviewing the structural conceptualization of motivation within SDT

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Self-determination theory presents a multi-dimensional approach to human motivation in which motivation is driven by a range of classifiably distinct regulation styles. However, these different regulations are also considered to fall along a continuum of self-determination which implies that a global dimension reflecting the degree of self-determination present is important. The lack of explicit integration between these two aspects in the conceptualization of motivation has recently led to debates and a flux of research on the structure of motivation as defined in self-determination theory. This review comprehensively explores recent advances in this area as well as more classical approaches in order to establish an optimal and empirically supported conceptualization of motivation. A novel solution is proposed, namely a semi-radex structure of motivation, in which types of motivation are predictably ordered by degree of self-determination while also maintaining their unique contribution as distinct factors. Theoretical and practical implications for researchers who use self-determination theory are made