Metódo multicriterio para apoyo a la planificación hídrica

Economic analysis on the Water Framework Directive is, among other aspects, in the phase of characterization for present and future uses of the water and also the preparation of the Program of Measures based on the cost-effectiveness analysis. This article presents the results of water use economic characterization for the Guadalquivir River Basin (Southern Spain), which shows an expected unsustainable situation with consumption of over 50% of renewable resources. Due to the ecological and social complexity of environmental conflicts, authors advocate for a multicriteria approach beyond the cost-benefit analysis, as an input of water resource planning. Afirst exercise on hierarchical social preferences evaluation, showing the relevance of the environmental criteria, is presented on this paper

Liberación experimental de bases en suelos de origen granitico del maresme (Barcelona): posibles componentes periodicos en las series cronologicas de valores

Peer Reviewe

Institutions and Economics of Water Scarcity and Droughts

Integrated water resources management seeks an efficient blend of all water resources (e.g., fresh surface water, groundwater, reused water, desalinated water) to meet the demands of the full range of water users (e.g., agriculture, municipalities, industry, and e-flows). Water scarcity and droughts already affect many regions of the world and are expected to increase due to climate change and economic growth. In this Special Issue, 10 peer-reviewed articles have been published that address the questions regarding the economic effects of water scarcity and droughts, management instruments, such as water pricing, water markets, technologies and user-based reallocation, and the strategies to enhance resiliency, adaptation to scarcity and droughts. There is a need to improve the operation of institutions in charge of the allocation and re-allocation of resources when temporal (drought) or structural over-allocation arises. Water scarcity, droughts and pollution have increased notably in recent decades. A drought is a temporary climatic effect or natural disaster that can occur anywhere and can be short or prolonged. Water scarcity involves a lack of supply relative to potential or current demand that generates conflict between alternative uses of water, especially regarding the requirements of societies, economic sectors, territories and ecosystems. Traditionally, users in water-scarce regions have adapted to dealing with water shortages; however, droughts can greatly increase problems since they are uncertain events and also affect water-abundant regions, with climate change increasing their frequency and severity [1]. Supply-side mechanisms have traditionally been employed to cope with drought by building infrastructure (wells, dams, channels, inter-basin transfers), and recently by including desalinised, brackish, and reclaimed wastewater into the resource mix. Berbel and Esteban [2] study the influence of drought as a catalyst for water policy reform in three developed economies with a Mediterranean climate (Spain, California and Australia), and find that solutions and institutions are trajectory-dependant and grounded in social institutions. Nevertheless, there is a convergence of the type of instruments employed to manage water scarcity and droughts. In this Special Issue, the reported case studies recount experiences from USA, China, and the European Union (southern Member States). A variety of proposals aimed at tackling droughts and scarcity have been discussed, ranging from economic tools (pricing and insurance) and the increased use of reclaimed wastewater, to reforming the institutional setting (water markets and priority rights). Most of these papers analyses economic instruments and agriculture, but other economic sectors as well as non-market values are also addressed

The 29F nucleus as a lighthouse on the coast of the island of inversion

The exotic, neutron-rich and weakly-bound isotope 29F stands out as a waymarker on the southern shore of the island of inversion, a portion of the nuclear chart where the effects of nuclear forces lead to a reshuffling of the single particle levels and to a reorganization of the nuclear structure far from stability. This nucleus has become very popular, as new measurements allow to refine theoretical models. We review the latest developments and suggest how to further assess the structure by proposing predictions on electromagnetic transitions that new experiments of Relativistic Coulomb Excitation should soon become able to measure

Beneficios y costes ambientales en la Directiva Marco del Agua: conceptos y estimación

Environmental costs and benefits play a major role in the economic analysis prescribed by the Water Framework Directive for the achievement of a sustainable management of water resources. The definition of these concepts is not explicit in the text of the Directive, while there is an urgent need to apply then for analysing whether the implementation of the WFD is disproportionately costly. This paper tries to contribute to the reflexion on the concepts of environmental costs and benefits in the context of the WFD. We discuss the different interpretations and valuations that have been made up to date in Europe and some of the key issues for their estimation.Dentro del análisis económico que la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA) prescribe para alcanzar una gestión sostenible de los recursos hídricos, destaca la necesidad de evaluar los beneficios y costes ambientales. Dada la falta de una definición explícita de estos conceptos en el texto de la Directiva y, al mismo tiempo, la necesidad acuciante de evaluar la desproporcionalidad de los costes de la implementación de la DMA, este artículo pretende contribuir a la reflexión sobre los conceptos de beneficio y coste ambiental en este contexto. Se discuten la diferentes interpretaciones y valoraciones que se han hecho hasta el momento en Europa y se profundiza en aspectos claves para su estimación

Astrophysical reaction rate for 9 Be formation within a three-body approach

The structure of the Borromean nucleus 9Be (α+α+n) is addressed within a three-body approach using the analytical transformed harmonic oscillator method. The three-body formalism provides an accurate description of the radiative capture reaction rate for the entire temperature range relevant in astrophysics. At high temperatures, results match the calculations based on two-step sequential processes. At low temperatures, where the particles have no access to intermediate two-body resonances, the three-body direct capture leads to reaction rates larger than the sequential processes. These results support the reliability of the method for systems with several charged particles.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) FPA2009-07653 FIS2011-28738-c02-0Junta de Andalucía FQM-160 P11-FQM-7632Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-0004

Análisis multicriterio de preferencias sociales en gestión hídrica bajo la Directiva Marco del Agua

[EN] This work aims to contribute to the implementation of the WFD with regard to the selection of the measures for a sustainable and socially accepted water management. A multicriteria decision support exercise is applied to the Guadalquivir River Basin in order to test the applicability of the Analytic Hierarchy Process in the new WFD context. A survey was carried out in the context of a future enlargement of La Breña reservoir (Córdoba). This analysis aims to obtain the public’s weight of the criteria in water management, in order to assess the legitimacy of the reservoir enlargement, as well as other management measures. Results suggest that the AHP is an adequate tool for the WFD purposes and a useful complement for the cost-effectiveness analysis.[ES] Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la aplicación de la DMA en relación con la selección de medidas para el uso sostenible y socialmente aceptado del agua. Nuestro análisis está orientado a la obtención, mediante el proceso analítico jerárquico (AHP), de la valoración social de los criterios de gestión del agua en el Guadalquivir, analizando para ello la legitimidad de la ampliación del embalse de la Breña (Córdoba), además de la evaluación de otras posibles medidas de gestión del agua. Los resultados sugieren que el AHP constituye una herramienta adecuada para la implementación de la DMA, así como un complemento útil del análisis coste-eficacia.La financiación de la encuesta se llevó a cabo gracias a los fondos del proyecto CICYT 300083-AGR2006 financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. Agradecemos al Dr.José Antonio Gómez-Limón del área de Economía Agraria de la E.T.S. Ingenierías Agrarias de Palencia (Universidad de Valladolid) por sus consejos y ayuda en relación a este trabajo; así como a los revisores anónimos que han contribuido con sus comentarios a la mejora del mismo.Mesa, P.; Martín-Ortega, J.; Berbel, J. (2011). Multicriteria analysis of water management under the Water Framework Directive. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 8(2):105-126. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2008.02.06SWORD1051268

De Orfeo a Orfeo. Mito y exégesis en el teatro de Lope y Calderón

El trabajo aquí presentado pretende analizar diferentes interpretaciones de un mismo mito, el de Orfeo, que hacen Lope de Vega y Calderón de la Barca. Más allá de intentar establecer relaciones de dependencia entre unas obras y otras, el análisis se ocupa de manera específica de evaluar cómo los condicionantes genéricos (v. g. comedia vs. auto sacramental) implican no solo a las propuestas interpretativas, sino al manejo de fuentes de los dramaturgos, al tratamiento de los personajes, del conflicto dramático, etc.The present work aims to analyze different interpretations of the myth of Orpheus made by Lope de Vega and Calderón de la Barca. Apart from trying to establish relations between various plays, the analysis deals in particular with the different ways in which the conventions of a dramatic genre (comedy vs. auto sacramental) influence not only on the interpretive proposals, but also on the handling of sources, the treatment of the characters, the dramatic conflict, etc

Translation and validation of the Dutch version of the Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R)

BackgroundRecent observations suggest birth satisfaction may be significantly associated with postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD). The Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) is increasingly used Internationally as a short, valid and reliable multi-dimensional measure of birth experience. The current study sought to develop a Dutch version of the BSS-R (D-BSS-R) for clinical and research application in the Netherlands.MethodsPost-translation, a cross-sectional design with an embedded between-subjects component was used to evaluate key indices of validity and reliability of the D-BSS-R in a purposive sampled cohort of 244 Dutch-speaking women in the Netherlands. Confirmatory factor analysis, divergent, convergent and known-groups discriminant validity were evaluated as was the internal consistency of the measure.ResultsThe D-BSS-R was found to be a generally valid and reliable measure of birth experience with the key measurement characteristics of the original English-language measure transferring well to the Dutch context. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between all D-BSS-R sub-scales and a validated measure of PTSD.ConclusionsThe D-BSS-R represents a valid and reliable measure of birth experience suitable and appropriate for use in the Netherlands. The study corroborates previous suggestions of linkage between birth satisfaction and PP-PTSD using a robust and diagnostically valid measure of trauma