Transient Solution of M[X1],M[X2]/G1,G2/1 with Priority Services, Modified Bernoulli Vacation, Bernoulli Feedback, Breakdown, Delaying Repair and Reneging

This paper considers a queuing system which facilitates a single server that serves two classes of units: high priority and low priority units. These two classes of units arrive at the system in two independent compound Poisson processes. It aims to decipher average queue size and average waiting time of the units. Under the pre-emptive priority rule, the server provides a general service to these arriving units. It is further assumed the server may take a vacation after serving the last high priority unit present in the system or at the service completion of each low priority unit present in the system. Otherwise, he may remain in the system. Also, if a high priority unit is not satisfied with the service given it may join the tail of the queue as a feedback unit or leave the system. The server may break down exponentially while serving the units. The repair process of the broken server is not immediate. There is a delay time to start the repair. The delay time to repair and repair time follow general distributions. We consider reneging to occur for the low priority units when the server is unavailable due to breakdown or vacation. We concentrate on deriving the transient solutions by using supplementary variable technique. Further, some special cases are also discussed and numerical examples are presented

Environmental Issues in Indian Freshwater Aquaculture

Aquaculture is assuming increasing importance in recent years on a global basis including the Indian subcontinent. With possibilities of obtaining high productivity levels among different farming system, there has been a flux between the farming practices and aquaculture is receiving greater investments both in public and private secto

Development and Validation of a Dissolution Test Method for Artemether and Lumefantrine in Tablets

Purpose: To develop and validate a dissolution test method for dissolution release of artemether and lumefantrine from tablets.Methods: A single dissolution method for evaluating the in vitro release of artemether and lumefantrine from tablets was developed and validated. The method comprised of a dissolution medium of 1000 ml of 2 %w/v of Myrj 52 in 0.005M HCl per vessel with the paddle rotating at 100 rpm for 120 min. The dissolution samples were analysed using a Waters HPLC system with Waters symmetry column (C-18 column of 250mm x 4.6mm i.d., 5 μ particle size). The mobile phase was a mixture of 20 volumes of 0.5 %v/v of triethylamine in water (adjusted to a pH of 3.0 with orthophosphoric acid) and 80 volumes of acetonitrile. The detection wavelength was set at 216 nm and 100 μl of each sample was injected. The HPLC method used for the determination of drug release was validated for the parameters of accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, filter validation, solution stability and robustness.Results: The dissolution test provided sink conditions for artemether and lumefantrine and was able to discriminate between tablet formulations of different hardness and different composition. Application of Mann-Whitney U test for significant difference between samples at various time points during the dissolution test yielded z values > 1.96 (1.96 = critical z value at p = 0.05) for the various formulations tested, indicating the discriminatory power of the dissolution test.Conclusion: This validated dissolution test may be used as a single dissolution test for artemether and luminfantrine in tablet formulations.Keywords: Artemether, Lumefantrine, Tablet formulations, Single dissolution test, HPL

A short term analysis of external rotation deficit following a combined arthroscopic bankart with remplissage and rotator interval closure for anteroinferior instability with subcritical bone loss

Background: Our study aims at assessing the clinical outcomes of our patients who have undergone arthroscopic bankart and remplissage along with rotator interval closure in the treatment of anteroinferior instability with subcritical bone loss, with focus on external rotation deficit. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study including 48 consecutive patients who underwent surgery Arthroscopic Bankarts with remplissage procedure for anterior shoulder instability with Hill-Sachs lesion. In our study, the minimum follow-up was 6 months and the average follow-up of was 21months. At the last follow-up, active range of motion, western ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI) and University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores were assessed. Results: 48 patients who underwent surgery in the time period of 2019-2023 who completed minimum 6months follow up were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 31.7 years (range, 16-52 years), with 93.8% male patients and 6.2% female patients. The range of motion at follow-up was comparable with the normal side, with loss of terminal external rotation in 2 patients (4%). Average University of California at Los Angeles score was 30.7 and Western Ontario shoulder instability index was 3.8%. One patient had only one episode of subluxation and there was one case of infection. Conclusions: The results of our study validate the combination of Remplissage and rotator interval closure with Bankart repair in the treatment of anterior instability with glenoid bone loss <15% irrespective of tracking of Hill Sachs lesion for excellent functional outcomes, least rate of recurrence and without significant loss of external rotation

Fisheries Sciences

The history of fisheries research in India goes back to the early 19th century, when dried or preserved material was sent to the Museums of Natural History in England and other European countries for identification and cataloguing (Silas, 2003). Some of the earliest scientific observations on fisheries in pre-independent India were the works of Francis Hamilton-Buchanan (1822) and Francis Day, whose initial work on ‘The Fishes of Malabar’ (1865), was followed by a monograph on ‘The Fishes of India’ (1875-78); and two more volumes on ‘Fishes’ in ‘The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma’ (1889). The enactment of Indian Fisheries Act of 1897 was a major landmark in the development of fisheries in pre-independent India. In the latter half of 19th century, emphasis on coastal and deep-water surveys in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea led to possession of valuable information on new deepwater fauna of fishes and crustaceans, hydrology and plankton. The initial work by the Zoological Survey of India on fisheries and marine biology through eminent leadership of its Directors, viz. Nelsen Annandale, Stanley Kemp, Seymour Sewell, Baini Prasad and S. L. Hora during first half of the 20th century led to generation of several first hand information on the taxonomy, bionomics, eco-biology, hydrology, and fish and fisheries of upland lakes, rivers and coastal waters. The emphasis shifted from coastal and deep-water surveys in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea to upland lakes, rivers and coastal waters in the beginning of the 20th century. With the establishment of the Bureau of Fisheries in 1907, the Madras Presidency became the pioneer for fisheries development in India. Establishment of the Marine Biological Station at Krusadai Island in 1924 and subsequently at West Hill and Ennore led to organized research programmes on pearl and chank fisheries in the Gulf of Mannar

Prediction of the mechanical response of canine humerus to three-point bending using subject-specific finite element modelling

Subject-specific finite element models could improve decision making in canine long-bone fracture repair. However, it preliminary requires that finite element models predicting the mechanical response of canine long bone are proposed and validated. We present here a combined experimental–numerical approach to test the ability of subject-specific finite element models to predict the bending response of seven pairs of canine humeri directly from medical images. Our results show that bending stiffness and yield load are predicted with a mean absolute error of 10.1% (±5.2%) for the 14 samples. This study constitutes a basis for the forthcoming optimization of canine long-bone fracture repair

Improved fisheries productivity and management in tropical reservoirs

“Improved fisheries productivity and management in tropical reservoirs” The objective of the project was to contribute to the current research on reservoirs enhancement fisheries in tropical countries through the implementation of a series of action-research activities implemented in two small reservoirs in the Indo-Gangetic basin in India, and two very large reservoirs in Africa, the Lake Nasser (Egypt), and the Volta Lake (Ghana). Socio-institutional analyses were also conducted in these reservoirs to improve our knowledge regarding some of the main social processes that influence reservoir productivity. Overall the results of the project stress that while the natural biophysical constraints of the reservoirs are important in defining the ecological production processes, it is the socio-economic settings characterizing the community/societies around the reservoirs that eventually shape the human production enhancement possibilities

Decreased expression of axon-guidance receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex in autism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Axon-guidance proteins play a crucial role in brain development. As the dysfunction of axon-guidance signaling is thought to underlie the microstructural abnormalities of the brain in people with autism, we examined the postmortem brains of people with autism to identify any changes in the expression of axon-guidance proteins.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mRNA and protein expression of axon-guidance proteins, including ephrin (EFN)A4, eEFNB3, plexin (PLXN)A4, roundabout 2 (ROBO)2 and ROBO3, were examined in the anterior cingulate cortex and primary motor cortex of autistic brains (n = 8 and n = 7, respectively) and control brains (n = 13 and n = 8, respectively) using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the relative expression levels of EFNB3, PLXNA4A and ROBO2 were significantly lower in the autistic group than in the control group. The protein levels of these three genes were further analyzed by western blotting, which showed that the immunoreactive values for PLXNA4 and ROBO2, but not for EFNB3, were significantly reduced in the ACC of the autistic brains compared with control brains.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study, we found decreased expression of axon-guidance proteins such as PLXNA4 and ROBO2 in the brains of people with autism, and suggest that dysfunctional axon-guidance protein expression may play an important role in the pathophysiology of autism.</p

Surgical management of a diabetic calcaneal ulceration and osteomyelitis with a partial calcanectomy and a sural neurofasciocutaneous flap

The treatment of calcaneal osteomyelitis in diabetic patients poses a great challenge to the treating physician and surgeon. The use of a distally based sural neurofasciocutaneous flap after an aggressive debridement of non-viable and poorly vascularized tissue and bone that is combined with a thorough antibiotic regimen provides a great technique for adequate soft tissue coverage of the heel. In this case report, the authors describe the aforementioned flap as a versatile alternative to the use of local or distant muscle flaps for diabetic patients with calcaneal osteomyelitis and concomitant large wounds

BioTIME: A database of biodiversity time series for the Anthropocene.

MotivationThe BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.Main types of variables includedThe database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record.Spatial location and grainBioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2).Time period and grainBioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year.Major taxa and level of measurementBioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.Software format.csv and .SQL