Behavior of beef heifers on Ozark ranges

Cover title.Includes bibliographical references (page [14])

FAST: FAST Analysis of Sequences Toolbox.

FAST (FAST Analysis of Sequences Toolbox) provides simple, powerful open source command-line tools to filter, transform, annotate and analyze biological sequence data. Modeled after the GNU (GNU's Not Unix) Textutils such as grep, cut, and tr, FAST tools such as fasgrep, fascut, and fastr make it easy to rapidly prototype expressive bioinformatic workflows in a compact and generic command vocabulary. Compact combinatorial encoding of data workflows with FAST commands can simplify the documentation and reproducibility of bioinformatic protocols, supporting better transparency in biological data science. Interface self-consistency and conformity with conventions of GNU, Matlab, Perl, BioPerl, R, and GenBank help make FAST easy and rewarding to learn. FAST automates numerical, taxonomic, and text-based sorting, selection and transformation of sequence records and alignment sites based on content, index ranges, descriptive tags, annotated features, and in-line calculated analytics, including composition and codon usage. Automated content- and feature-based extraction of sites and support for molecular population genetic statistics make FAST useful for molecular evolutionary analysis. FAST is portable, easy to install and secure thanks to the relative maturity of its Perl and BioPerl foundations, with stable releases posted to CPAN. Development as well as a publicly accessible Cookbook and Wiki are available on the FAST GitHub repository at https://github.com/tlawrence3/FAST. The default data exchange format in FAST is Multi-FastA (specifically, a restriction of BioPerl FastA format). Sanger and Illumina 1.8+ FastQ formatted files are also supported. FAST makes it easier for non-programmer biologists to interactively investigate and control biological data at the speed of thought

Evaluation of the Effect of Microalloying on Cleavage of Monocrystalline NiAl Using a Miniaturized Disk-Bend Test

It was originally proposed to investigate the effect of microalloying on the ductility of monocrystalline NiAl. The idea was to deposit selected elements on oriented crystals of NiAl using magnetron sputtering, followed by annealing at high temperatures to produce the doped specimens. The project was terminated before that stage of the research was reached, but useful results needed for that study were obtained during the lifetime of the program. Those results are described in this report

tRNA functional signatures classify plastids as late-branching cyanobacteria.

BackgroundEukaryotes acquired the trait of oxygenic photosynthesis through endosymbiosis of the cyanobacterial progenitor of plastid organelles. Despite recent advances in the phylogenomics of Cyanobacteria, the phylogenetic root of plastids remains controversial. Although a single origin of plastids by endosymbiosis is broadly supported, recent phylogenomic studies are contradictory on whether plastids branch early or late within Cyanobacteria. One underlying cause may be poor fit of evolutionary models to complex phylogenomic data.ResultsUsing Posterior Predictive Analysis, we show that recently applied evolutionary models poorly fit three phylogenomic datasets curated from cyanobacteria and plastid genomes because of heterogeneities in both substitution processes across sites and of compositions across lineages. To circumvent these sources of bias, we developed CYANO-MLP, a machine learning algorithm that consistently and accurately phylogenetically classifies ("phyloclassifies") cyanobacterial genomes to their clade of origin based on bioinformatically predicted function-informative features in tRNA gene complements. Classification of cyanobacterial genomes with CYANO-MLP is accurate and robust to deletion of clades, unbalanced sampling, and compositional heterogeneity in input tRNA data. CYANO-MLP consistently classifies plastid genomes into a late-branching cyanobacterial sub-clade containing single-cell, starch-producing, nitrogen-fixing ecotypes, consistent with metabolic and gene transfer data.ConclusionsPhylogenomic data of cyanobacteria and plastids exhibit both site-process heterogeneities and compositional heterogeneities across lineages. These aspects of the data require careful modeling to avoid bias in phylogenomic estimation. Furthermore, we show that amino acid recoding strategies may be insufficient to mitigate bias from compositional heterogeneities. However, the combination of our novel tRNA-specific strategy with machine learning in CYANO-MLP appears robust to these sources of bias with high accuracy in phyloclassification of cyanobacterial genomes. CYANO-MLP consistently classifies plastids as late-branching Cyanobacteria, consistent with independent evidence from signature-based approaches and some previous phylogenetic studies

Nitrogen Mineralization Responses to Cropping, Tillage, and Nitrogen Rate in the Northern Great Plains

Nitrogen-mineralization rates are needed to accurately determine N fertilization requirements to meet plant needs while minimizing environmental contamination. A spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (SW-F) system was compared with a spring wheat-winter wheat-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (SW-WW-SF) system on a Temvik-Wilton silt loam (fine-silty, mixed Typic and Pachic Haploborolls) at three N rates (0, 22, and 45 kg ha‒1 for SW-F and 34, 67, and 101 kg ha‒1 for SW-WW-SF) under conventional, minimum, and no-tillage. After 10 yr, soil samples were incubated to determine N mineralization rates. Cropping intensity, N rate, and tillage intensity interacted to affect N-mineralization rates. Within the SW-F system N-mineralization rates in 0- to 0.05-m depth were 8.2 ± 0.8 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in the fallow phase vs. 5.0 ± 0.7 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in the crop phase under conventional tillage and were 6.2 ± 0.3 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 under minimum and no-tillage in both phases. The N-mineralization rates were 2.3 ± 0.4 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in 0.05- to 0.15-m depth soils of the SW-F system. In spring wheat, N-mineralization rates in 0- to 0.05-m depth soil were 9.9 ± 0.8 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in the SW-WW-SF system vs. 5.6 ± 0.4 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in the SW-F system and in the 0.05- to 0.15-m depth were 3.6 ± 0.1 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in the SW-WW-SF system vs. 2.4 ± 0.2 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 in the SW-F system Within the SW-WW-SF system, N-mineralization rates in the 0- to 0.05-m soil layer were 6.8 ± 0.5 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 under winter wheat vs. 9.9 ± 0.8 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 under spring wheat and 9.2 ± 0.6 kg ha‒1 wk‒1 under sunflower. In the 0.05- to 0.15-m soil layer, N-mineralization rates were 3.3 ± 1.0 kg ha‒1 wk‒1. More intensive cropping and conservation tillage increased N-mineralization rates in this soil and may ameliorate the decline in N fertility associated with crop-fallow systems

On the emergence of the Λ{\bf\Lambda}CDM model from self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory in d=5{\bf d= 5}

We investigate whether a self-interacting Brans-Dicke theory in $d=5$ without matter and with a time-dependent metric can describe, after dimensional reduction to $d=4$, the FLRW model with accelerated expansion and non-relativistic matter. By rewriting the effective 4-dimensional theory as an autonomous three-dimensional dynamical system and studying its critical points, we show that the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology cannot emerge from such a model. This result suggests that a richer structure in $d=5$ may be needed to obtain the accelerated expansion as well as the matter content of the 4-dimensional universe.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Transcripts from Sympathetic Stellate Ganglia During Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity.

Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent age-related illness worldwide, causing approximately 15 million deaths every year. Hypertension is central in determining cardiovascular risk and is a strong predictive indicator of morbidity and mortality; however, there remains an unmet clinical need for disease-modifying and prophylactic interventions. Enhanced sympathetic activity is a well-established contributor to the pathophysiology of hypertension, however the cellular and molecular changes that increase sympathetic neurotransmission are not known. The aim of this study was to identify key changes in the transcriptome in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. We validated 15 of our top-scoring genes using qRT-PCR, and network and enrichment analyses suggest that glutamatergic signalling plays a key role in modulating Ca2+ balance within these ganglia. Additionally, phosphodiesterase activity was found to be altered in stellates obtained from the hypertensive rat, suggesting that impaired cyclic nucleotide signalling may contribute to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and sympathetic hyperactivity in hypertension. We have also confirmed the presence of these transcripts in human donor stellate samples, suggesting that key genes coupled to neurotransmission are conserved. The data described here may provide novel targets for future interventions aimed at treating sympathetic hyperactivity associated with cardiovascular disease and other dysautonomias

Paper Session II-B - Space Shuttle-Solution to DoD Dual Access To Space

Now is the time to revisit the use of the Space Shuttle to implement the DoD policy of dual access to space. The Shuttle Program is in transition, improving its operational responsiveness and reducing its costs to satisfy customer requirements. Many key Shuttle Program management positions are held by people with DoD spacelift experience. NASA\u27s way of doing business is , being changed to make programs happen quicker, faster, and cheaper. Shuttle costs have been reduced by more than 25 percent since 1991. Further consolidation and streamlining of Shuttle operations can be implemented to reduce recurring costs to as low as $2.0 billion, down over$1.5 billion from today\u27s operations costs. Shuttle processing has been improved to the point that the current four Orbiter fleet could easily support twelve flights per year, up four over today\u27s flight manifest. The Shuttle provides the DoD with a backup launch capability for larger payloads which is much more reliable and less costly than the Titan IV. In addition, the Space Shuttle provides the DoD with many unique spacelift capabilities not available from the expendable launch vehicle fleet. The decision prior to the Challenger accident to move the preponderance of the payloads to Shuttle was just as incorrect as the decision after the Challenger accident to remove all DoD and commercial payloads from Shuttle. This paper will present how the Space Shuttle can become DoD\u27s cost effective solution to dual access to space and the benefits the DoD will accrue from .utilizing the Shuttle as a spacelift asset

Won't you come over and play croquet

Gift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Writer of would you like to change my name, you auto go automobiling, it's nice to cut ice in the summer and etc. [note]Piano vocal [instrumentation]Little Bessie Brown lived on a country town [first line][first line of chorus]G [key]Moderato [tempo]Popular song [form/genre]Boy sitting on roof and girl holding fence [illustration]Publisher's advertisement on inside front and back cover [note

Lifshitz-Slyozov Scaling For Late-Stage Coarsening With An Order-Parameter-Dependent Mobility

The coarsening dynamics of the Cahn-Hilliard equation with order-parameter dependent mobility, $\lambda(\phi) \propto (1-\phi^2)^\alpha$, is addressed at zero temperature in the Lifshitz-Slyozov limit where the minority phase occupies a vanishingly small volume fraction. Despite the absence of bulk diffusion for $\alpha>0$, the mean domain size is found to grow as $\propto t^{1/(3+\alpha)}$, due to subdiffusive transport of the order parameter through the majority phase. The domain-size distribution is determined explicitly for the physically relevant case $\alpha = 1$.Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, no figure