Some Global Aspects of Duality is String Theory

We explore some of the global aspects of duality transformations in String Theory and Field Theory. We analyze in some detail the equivalence of dual models corresponding to different topologies at the level of the partition function and in terms of the operator correspondence for abelian duality. We analyze the behavior of the cosmological constant under these transformations. We also explore several examples of non-abelian duality where the classical background interpretation can be maintained for the original and the dual theories. In particular we construct a non-abelian dual of $SL(2,R)$ which turns out to be a three-dimensional black holeComment: 31pp. One figure available upon request. CERN-TH-6991/6

Towards a New Distributive Principle of Wealth Beyond the Capitalist Market, the State and Labor

High unemployment and falls in working class incomes are affecting billions of people around the world: they are being pauperized. Neoliberals and Keynesians consider it possible to achieve full employment by means of applying labor flexibility policies and economic growth. However, surpassing the chimera that is full employment, the rampant poverty is attributable to the principle that regulates the distribution of wealth within capitalism. The socialists of every guild have proposed the principle “ to each according to his work .” Nevertheless, there is an irrefutable fact that calls this principle into question: technological development. Therefore, only a new distributive principle of wealth—one that goes beyond the capitalist market, the State and labor itself—will bring a global economy without poverty

Perturbative Quantum (In)equivalence of Dual σ\sigma Models in 22 dimensions

Various examples of target space duality transformations are investigated up to two loop order in perturbation theory. Our results show that when using the tree level (`naive') transformation rules the dual theories are in general {\it inequivalent} at two loops to the original ones, (both for the Abelian and the non Abelian duality).Comment: 11 pages, Latex, uses espcrc2.st

A new approach to the analysis of a noncommutative Chern-Simons theory

A novel approach to the analysis of a noncommutative Chern--Simons gauge theory with matter coupled in the adjoint representation has been discussed. The analysis is based on a recently proposed closed form Seiberg--Witten map which is exact in the noncommutative parameter.Comment: 9 pages latex, some new results added. To be published in Modern Physics Letters

Supersymmetry of Massive D=9 Supergravity

By applying generalized dimensional reduction on the type IIB supersymmetry variations, we derive the supersymmetry variations for the massive 9-dimensional supergravity. We use these variations and the ones for massive type IIA to derive the supersymmetry transformation of the gravitino for the proposed massive 11-dimensional supergravity.Comment: 13 page

Errores de medicación en niños que acuden a los servicios de urgencias pediátricas

Errores de medicación; Servicios de urgencias; PediatríaMedication errors; Emergency departments; PediatricsErrors de medicació; Servei d'urgències; PediatriaObjectives: Medication safety represents an important challenge in children. There are limited studies on medication errors in pediatric patients visiting emergency departments. To help bridge this gap, we characterized the medication errors detected in these patients, determining their severity, the stages of the medication process in which they occurred, the drugs involved, and the types and causes associated with the errors. Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study in the pediatric emergency departments of 8 Spanish public hospitals over a 4-month period. Medication errors detected by emergency pediatricians in patients between 0 and 16 years of age were evaluated by a clinical pharmacist and a pediatrician. Each medication error was analyzed according to the updated Spanish Taxonomy of Medication Errors. Results: In 99,797 visits to pediatric emergency departments, 218 (0.2%) medication errors were detected, of which 74 (33.9%) resulted in harm (adverse drug events). Preschoolers were the age group with the most medication errors (126/218). Errors originated mainly in the prescribing stage (66.1%), and also by self-medication (16.5%) and due to wrong administration of the medication by family members (15.6%). Dosing errors (51.4%) and wrong/improper drugs (46.8%) were the most frequent error types. Anti-infective drugs (63.5%) were the most common drugs implicated in medication errors with harm. Underlying causes associated with a higher proportion of medication errors were "medication knowledge deficit" (63.8%), "deviation from procedures/guidelines" (48.6%) and "lack of patient information" (30.3%). Conclusions: Medication errors presented by children attending emergency departments arise from prescriptions, self-medicationand administration, and lead to patient harm in one third of cases. Developing effective interventions based on the types of errors and the underlying causes identified will improve patient safety.Objetivos La seguridad de medicamentos en pediatría supone un verdadero reto. Se dispone de escasos estudios que hayan analizado los errores de medicación en los pacientes pediátricos que acuden a los servicios de urgencias. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido caracterizar los errores detectados en estos pacientes, determinando su severidad, los procesos afectados, los medicamentos implicados, y los tipos de errores y causas asociados. Métodos Estudio multicéntrico observacional prospectivo realizado en los servicios de urgencias de 8 hospitales públicos españoles durante 4 meses. Los errores de medicación detectados por los pediatras de urgencias en pacientes entre 0 y 16 años fueron evaluados por un farmacéutico y un pediatra. Los errores de medicación fueron analizados utilizando la Taxonomía Española de Errores de Medicación actualizada. Resultados En 99.797 visitas a urgencias se detectaron 218 (0,2%) errores de medicación, de los cuales 74 (33,9%) causaron daños (eventos adversos por medicamentos). Los preescolares fueron el grupo poblacional con mayor número de errores de medicación (126/218). Los errores se originaron mayoritariamente en la prescripción (66,1%), por automedicación (16,5%) y por administración equivocada por parte de familiares (15,6%). Los tipos de errores más frecuentes fueron “dosis incorrectas” (51,4%) y “medicamento inapropiado” (46,8%). Los antiinfecciosos (63,5%) fueron los fármacos más comúnmente implicados en los errores con daño. Las causas subyacentes asociadas a una mayor proporción de errores de medicación fueron: “falta de conocimiento del medicamento” (63,8%), “falta de seguimiento de los procedimientos” (48,6%) y “falta de información del paciente” (30,3%). Conclusiones Los errores de medicación en la población pediátrica que acude a urgencias se producen en la prescripción, por automedicación y en la administración, provocando daños a los pacientes en un tercio de las ocasiones. Desarrollar prácticas seguras basadas en los tipos de errores detectados y sus causas subyacentes, mejorará la seguridad de los pacientes.This study has been carried out with the support of a grant provided by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacists for the period 2015–2016

Quantum equivalence of sigma models related by non Abelian Duality Transformations

Coupling constant renormalization is investigated in 2 dimensional sigma models related by non Abelian duality transformations. In this respect it is shown that in the one loop order of perturbation theory the duals of a one parameter family of models, interpolating between the SU(2) principal model and the O(3) sigma model, exhibit the same behaviour as the original models. For the O(3) model also the two loop equivalence is investigated, and is found to be broken just like in the already known example of the principal model.Comment: As a result of the collaboration of new authors the previously overlooked gauge contribution is inserted into eq.(43) changing not so much the formulae as part of the conclusion: for the models considered non Abelian duality is OK in one loo

Super-extended noncommutative Landau problem and conformal symmetry

A supersymmetric spin-1/2 particle in the noncommutative plane, subject to an arbitrary magnetic field, is considered, with particular attention paid to the homogeneous case. The system has three different phases, depending on the magnetic field. Due to supersymmetry, the boundary critical phase which separates the sub- and super-critical cases can be viewed as a reduction to the zero-energy eigensubspace. In the sub-critical phase the system is described by the superextension of exotic Newton-Hooke symmetry, combined with the conformal so(2,1) ~ su(1,1) symmetry; the latter is changed into so(3) ~ su(2) in the super-critical phase. In the critical phase the spin degrees of freedom are frozen and supersymmetry disappears.Comment: 12 pages, references added, published versio

Self-dual Ginzburg-Landau vortices in a disk

We study the properties of the Ginzburg-Laundau model in the self-dual point for a two-dimensional finite system . By a numerical calculation we analyze the solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations for a cylindrically symmetric ansatz. We also study the self-dual equations for this case. We find that the minimal energy configurations are not given by the Bogomol'nyi equations but by solutions to the Euler Lagrange ones. With a simple approximation scheme we reproduce the result of the numerical calculation.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, RevTex macro

A Vector Non-abelian Chern-Simons Duality

Abelian Chern-Simons gauge theory is known to possess a `$S$-self-dual' action where its coupling constant $k$ is inverted {\it i.e.} $k \leftrightarrow {1 \over k}$. Here a vector non-abelian duality is found in the pure non-abelian Chern-Simons action at the classical level. The dimensional reduction of the dual Chern-Simons action to two-dimensions constitutes a dual Wess-Zumino-Witten action already given in the literature.Comment: 14+1 pages, LaTeX file, no figures, version to appear in Phys. Rev