High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Fe-Cr Steel in Air at 1000-1200 K

The high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr steel was studied in air at elevated temperatures of 1000, 1100 and 1200 K for up to 72 ks. The mass change of all samples was recorded in order to evaluate their oxidation kinetic. The structure of oxide scales was investigated by mean of X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDX. According to oxidation kinetic curve, the mass gain of oxidized sample increases with increasing oxidation time and temperature. At 1000 and 1100 K, the Fe-Cr steel exhibits an excellent oxidation resistance. As oxidation temperature increase to 1200 K, however, the accelerated oxidation occurred. This is considered due to breakaway oxidation. The Fe-Cr steel forms a duplex oxide layer consisting of Fe-rich oxides in the outer layer and Fe-Cr oxides in the inner layer. The obtained results suggest that the oxidation temperature strongly affects the oxidation resistance of Fe-Cr steel and the structure of formed oxide layer on the steel surface. The influence of oxidation temperature on the oxidation resistance and scale structure is discussed in this paper

Simplified buckling analysis of skeletal structures

Accepted versio

High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Fe-Cr Steel in Air at 1000-1200 K

The high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-Cr steel was studied in air at elevated temperatures of 1000, 1100 and 1200 K for up to 72 ks. The mass change of all samples was recorded in order to evaluate their oxidation kinetic. The structure of oxide scales was investigated by mean of X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDX. According to oxidation kinetic curve, the mass gain of oxidized sample increases with increasing oxidation time and temperature. At 1000 and 1100 K, the Fe-Cr steel exhibits an excellent oxidation resistance. As oxidation temperature increase to 1200 K, however, the accelerated oxidation occurred. This is considered due to breakaway oxidation. The Fe-Cr steel forms a duplex oxide layer consisting of Fe-rich oxides in the outer layer and Fe-Cr oxides in the inner layer. The obtained results suggest that the oxidation temperature strongly affects the oxidation resistance of Fe-Cr steel and the structure of formed oxide layer on the steel surface. The influence of oxidation temperature on the oxidation resistance and scale structure is discussed in this paper

Development of Building Heat Detection System: An Improvement Study

ABSTRACT- The increment of the numbers for accidents due to building safety system errors has created a serious disaster over the year. Due to that reason, this paper presents the entitled Building Heat Detection System (BHD System) by the objectives to develop the proper circuit in order to secure the detection device during the building fire attack. A BHD system, also known as fire protection system consists of heat sensing and monitoring system. The sensors detect extreme heat in an area or zone; the control unit processes the signals and sets off evacuation alarms to alert building occupants. This study focused on the design and fabrication of the system prototype to demonstrate the operation of a BHD system in case of fire accidents. Hose reel indicator is included to display the exact location in a building to aid in firefighting. On top of that, exit indicators were added to show the available exits should fire breaks out in a building. This study is hoped to help the system engineers to improve and secure their building safety system in the future

Gaze tracking algorithm using night vision camera

Nowadays, the advancement of medical technology has given birth into many innovative machines and devices to improve our health life, especially to those who are disabled or gifted. On some people with severe disabilities such as quadriplegia, the human eye-ball does not only serve as a vision system, but also a means of conveying information and intention to other people. This is because although quadriplegic patients suffer the loss of motor sensory functions from the neck and below, upper neck functions such as the vision system is normally spared. This enables the patient to control the movement of his/her eyeballs to convey desired information. Although many similar researches have been done, this paper proposes the use of image processing on image captured using webcam with its Infra-Red (IR) filter removed (a.k.a night vision) to achieve robustness. This allows the algorithm to properly track the location of the iris despite of its and the pupil color variations. Two image processing algorithms are then used, each with owns tradeoff between speed and accuracy. Analysis on both algorithms shows good tracking performance despite of the mentioned tradeoff

Internet of Things Applications in Precision Agriculture: A Review

The goal of this paper is to review the implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system in the precision agriculture sector. Each year, farmers suffer enormous losses as a result of insect infestations and a lack of equipment to manage the farm effectively. The selected article summarises the recommended systematic equipment and approach for implementing an IoT in smart farming. This review's purpose is to identify and discuss the significant devices, cloud platforms, communication protocols, and data processing methodologies. This review highlights an updated technology for agricultural smart management by revising every area, such as crop field data and application utilization. By customizing their technology spending decisions, agriculture stakeholders can better protect the environment and increase food production in a way that meets future global demand. Last but not least, the contribution of this research is that the use of IoT in the agricultural sector helps to improve sensing and monitoring of production, including farm resource usage, animal behavior, crop growth, and food processing. Also, it provides a better understanding of the individual agricultural circumstances, such as environmental and weather conditions, the growth of weeds, pests, and diseases

Utilization of agrowaste-derived nanoparticles as reinforcement in microfilled epoxy composites

The substantial release of oil palm ash into ground water has been a serious concern to the environmentalist due to the enormous generation of oil palm ash waste from oil palm incineration. The effective utilization of this agrowaste is yet to be fully exploited. In this context, herein we, investigated the potential of oil palm ash nanofiller as an effective reinforcement in epoxy-based composites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the prepared oil palm ash nanoparticles had circular morphology with particle size in the range of 20to 25 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared oil palm ash nanoparticles revealed the crystalline nature of the oil palm ash nanoparticles. Tensile strength and tensile modulus of the epoxy composites were substantially improved to 64, 67, 70,and 75 MPa and 1.01,1.05,1.16,and 1.18 MP a at oil palm ash nanofiller loading of 1%,2%,3%,and %,respectively.The impact strength of nanocomposite was enhanced from 2.7015 ± 0.13 kJ/m2to 3.98 ± 0.17kJ/m2 at 3% of oil palm ash nanofiller loading. The optimum values of mechanical properties were attained at 4% filler loading,after which further loading resulted in the decrement of mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposite. Thermal stability of the epoxy nanocomposite was enhanced substantially to 435 °C by the incorporation of oil palm ash nanofillers. This study proved that nano-sized oil palm ash could be an efficient reinforcement in polymer composite

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised