Instantons, Monopoles and the Flux Quantization in the Faddeev-Niemi Decomposition

We study how instantons arise in the low energy effective theory of the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in the context of the non-linear sigma model recently propose by Faddeev and Niemi. We find a simple relation between the instanton number $\nu$ and the charge m of the monopole that appears in the effective theory. It is given by $\nu = m \Phi/(2\pi)$, where $\Phi$ is the quantized flux associated with a U(1) gauge field passing through the loop formed by the singularity of the monopole.Comment: Tex, 12 pages, 3 figures (eps), references adde

富山県における指定辞デャ・ダ・ジャ・ヤの分布と変遷

東京都立大学Tokyo Metropolitan University富山県における指定辞の調査から,デャ・ダ・ジャ・ヤの地理的分布,各分布域での併用状況を示し,変遷過程を考察する。結論として,富山市周辺に分布するダは,古態のデャから変化してできたものであること,県西部や岐阜県境のジャ・ヤは,それぞれ石川や岐阜側から伝播したものであること,県東端部ではデャがジャに内的変化したとも,県西部からジャが伝播したとも考えられること,現分布域の形成には近世期の藩領が関わることなどを述べる。The Japanese copula da is generally distributed in Eastern dialects, and zya and ya in Western dialects. A popular view is that "dea" and "deja", which were used in the records near the end of the Muromachi period, changed to da and zya, Some dialects of present-day Japanese have dye which is considered to be related to "dea" and "deja". Although the Toyama Prefecture dialect is classified as a Western dialect, some studies have shown that it not only has zya and ya but also da and dya. The purposes of this study are to investigate how these forms are geographically distributed in Toyama Pref. and to consider the history of these forms. From the results of a survey, the following distributions were discovered. In the Western area, zya and ya are primarily used. In the Southern area, near the boundary with Gifu Pref., zya and ya are used primarily and da is used secondarily. Inside Toyama City and its surrounding areas, da is used primarily and ya secondarily. Occasionally, dya and zya are also used in areas farther from the city. In the Eastern area, both zya and ya are used primarily and da is used secondarily. In more remote areas, dya is occasionally used. From these distributions, we can conclude the following about the history of these forms. 1. The oldest form is dya. 2. In the Toyama City area, dya has been changing to da without any influences from standardization or diffusion from other areas. 3. Zya and ya in the Western area were diffused from Ishikawa Pref. 4. In the Southern area, these same forms were diffused from Gifu Pref. 5. In the Eastern area, it is likely that zya has been diffused from the Western area. It could also be possible that dya changed to zya without diffusion from another area. Ya was spread from the Kansai dialect, or by geographical diffusion along the Hokuriku Highway from the West

Enzymatic characterization of recombinant rat DDHD2, a soluble diacylglycerol lipase

学位記番号：医博甲1589

5.1. 音韻

広島大学国立国語研究

Surface Magnetic Phase Diagram of Tetragonal Manganites

To gain insights into the fundamental and characteristic features of the surface of doped manganites, we constructed a general magnetic phase diagram of La$_{1-x}$Sr$_{x}$MnO$_3$ (001) surfaces in the plane spanned by $x$ and the bulk tetragonal distortion $c/a$, from the first-principles calculations. We found that the surfaces are quite different from the bulk in the sense that both the (La, Sr)O and MnO$_2$ terminated surfaces show strong tendency toward antiferromagnetism (A-type and C-type respectively). The basic physics governing the phase diagram can be understood in terms of the surface orbital polarizations. It is also found that the strong surface segregation of Sr atoms is mostly caused by the electrostatic interaction and will further enhance the tendency to surface antiferromagnetism.Comment: 3 figure

Relative contributions of lattice distortion and orbital ordering to resonant x-ray scattering in manganites

We investigated the origin of the energy splitting observed in the resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) in manganites. Using thin film samples with controlled lattice parameters and orbital states at a fixed orbital filling, we estimated that the contribution of the interatomic Coulomb interaction relative to the Jahn-Teller mechanism is insignificant and at most 0.27. This indicates that RXS probes mainly Jahn-Teller distortion in manganites.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Developing Trans-Curriculum Learning of Japanese Language Arts in a K-9 integrated school II: For nurturing students with the zest for living and with capabilities to solving their own tasks for themselves

本研究は，昨年度に引き続き，幼小中一貫校としての特色を生かして，通教科的能力を位置づけた国語科の学習開発を行うことによって，新領域「希望（のぞみ）」との関連を明らかにすることを目的としている。本年度は，幼小中各学校段階において，「物語で作者が伝えたいこと」をどのようにとらえているのかを比較・検討することによって，幼小中12年間を見通した通教科的能力の育成につなげていった。幼稚園年長児・小学校１年生・中学校３年生では「おおきなかぶ」を，小学校４年生と中学校１年生では「世界でいちばんやかましい音」を教材として，その読みを比較・検討した。結果として，読みの系統性を踏まえた課題設定を通して上位学年の読みに近づく学習活動により，通教科的能力の育成に資することができた。The purpose of this study is intended to clarify the relationship with “NOZOMI” and our developing literature units for nurturing students’ learning abilities beyond each school subject. In this paper, by examining how students make out “what authors convey through stories” in each grade levels of elementary and secondary classes, the teaching objectives for lessons for nurturing students’ abilities adapting any situations were settled. Based on the outcomes of the lessons about A BIG TURNIP(a Russian folk tale) in the eldest class in kindergarten, Grade1 and Grade9 classes, and THE LOUDEST NOISE IN THE WORLD(by Benjamin Elkin) in Grade4 and Grade7 classes, any features of students’ responses were revealed through comparing and examining reader responses to each texts in each grades. For developing “NOZOMI” related learnings, it would be important to implement learning activities with the task settings following the ladders for reading development so much

Disease Progression Mediated by Egr-1 Associated Signaling in Response to Oxidative Stress

When cellular reducing enzymes fail to shield the cell from increased amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress arises. The redox state is misbalanced, DNA and proteins are damaged and cellular transcription networks are activated. This condition can lead to the initiation and/or to the progression of atherosclerosis, tumors or pulmonary hypertension; diseases that are decisively furthered by the presence of oxidizing agents. Redox sensitive genes, like the zinc finger transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr-1), play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Apart from inducing apoptosis, signaling partners like the MEK/ERK pathway or the protein kinase C (PKC) can activate salvage programs such as cell proliferation that do not ameliorate, but rather worsen their outcome. Here, we review the currently available data on Egr-1 related signal transduction cascades in response to oxidative stress in the progression of epidemiologically significant diseases. Knowing the molecular pathways behind the pathology will greatly enhance our ability to identify possible targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies

Modelling of strain effects in manganite films

Thickness dependence and strain effects in films of $La_{1-x}A_xMnO_3$ perovskites are analyzed in the colossal magnetoresistance regime. The calculations are based on a generalization of a variational approach previously proposed for the study of manganite bulk. It is found that a reduction in the thickness of the film causes a decrease of critical temperature and magnetization, and an increase of resistivity at low temperatures. The strain is introduced through the modifications of in-plane and out-of-plane electron hopping amplitudes due to substrate-induced distortions of the film unit cell. The strain effects on the transition temperature and transport properties are in good agreement with experimental data only if the dependence of the hopping matrix elements on the $Mn-O-Mn$ bond angle is properly taken into account. Finally variations of the electron-phonon coupling linked to the presence of strain turn out important in influencing the balance of coexisting phases in the filmComment: 7 figures. To be published on Physical Review

Novel function of HATs and HDACs in homologous recombination through acetylation of human RAD52 at double-strand break sites

The p300 and CBP histone acetyltransferases are recruited to DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites where they induce histone acetylation, thereby influencing the chromatin structure and DNA repair process. Whether p300/CBP at DSB sites also acetylate non-histone proteins, and how their acetylation affects DSB repair, remain unknown. Here we show that p300/CBP acetylate RAD52, a human homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair protein, at DSB sites. Using in vitro acetylated RAD52, we identified 13 potential acetylation sites in RAD52 by a mass spectrometry analysis. An immunofluorescence microscopy analysis revealed that RAD52 acetylation at DSBs sites is counteracted by SIRT2- and SIRT3-mediated deacetylation, and that non-acetylated RAD52 initially accumulates at DSB sites, but dissociates prematurely from them. In the absence of RAD52 acetylation, RAD51, which plays a central role in HR, also dissociates prematurely from DSB sites, and hence HR is impaired. Furthermore, inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein by siRNA or inhibitor treatment demonstrated that the acetylation of RAD52 at DSB sites is dependent on the ATM protein kinase activity, through the formation of RAD52, p300/CBP, SIRT2, and SIRT3 foci at DSB sites. Our findings clarify the importance of RAD52 acetylation in HR and its underlying mechanism