Total ozone and ozone profile observations by SAOZ, Brewer and ozonesondes in Russia

Daily total ozone measurements are carried out in Kislovodsk, Obninsk, European Russia, and in Tomsk, Central Siberia, using the Brewer MKII N°043, Brewer MKII N°044 and Brewer MKIV N°049 spectrophotometers. The accuracy of routine total ozone observation at direct sun measurement is 2-3%. Under cloudless conditions at air mass factor less than 4, the accuracy of total ozone direct sun measurements approaches 1%. The SAOZ (Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenitale) is UV-visible (300-650 nm) diode array spectrometer developed at the Service d'Aeronomie, CNRS, France for monitoring stratospheric ozone and NO2. Zenith sky measurements of atmospheric gases at twilight (86 < solar zenith angle < 91 ) are used. There are 15 SAOZ instruments in the SAOZ network around the world. Two instruments are located at the Arctic Circle in Russia at Zhigansk since 1992 and Salekhard since 1998. The accuracy of total ozone measurement is 6% and 10% for nitrogen dioxide observations. The ozonesonde observations of atmospheric ozone profiles at Salekhard aerological station are carried out since 1997. Currently, we use 2Z-ECC ozonesondes for ozone profile observations in the winter-spring periods. The results of ozonesounding at Salekhard station are in the NDACC database. In December 2012 and in January 2013 we plan to upgrade this ozonesounding station with the iMet-1 radiosonde and ECC 2Z-V7 ozonesonde. This type of ozonesonde will be used in the winter-spring season of 2013. The resulting total ozone and ozonesonde profile measurements recorded in 2012 and in January-March 2013 by the SAOZ, Brewer and ozonesode instruments will be presented and discussed

Brewer, SAOZ and ozonesonde observations in Siberia

Daily total ozone measurements are carried out in Tomsk, Central Siberia using Brewer Mark-IV spectrophotometer 049 since 2003. This instrument was used at Heiss Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia in 1988-1994. The accuracy of routine total ozone observations at direct sun measurements is 2-3%. Under cloudless conditions at air mass factor less than 4, the accuracy of total ozone direct sun measurements approaches 1%, while the accuracy of direct moon observations is 2-3%. SAOZ (Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenitale) is UV-visible (300-650 nm) diode array spectrometer developed at the Service d'Aeronomie, CNRS, France for monitoring stratospheric ozone and NO2. Zenith sky measurements of atmospheric gases at twilight (86°< solar zenith angle < 91°) are used. There are 17 SAOZ instruments in SAOZ network around the world. Ttree instruments are located at the Arctic Circle in Russia at Zhigansk since 1992, Salekhard since 1998 and Anadyr station in Far East, Russia since January 2011. Accuracy of total ozone measurements is 6% and 10% for nitrogen dioxide observations. The results of ozone monitoring are compared with data of ozone measurements in polar vortex conditions at these stations are in SAOZ database. Currently, we use 2Z-ECC ozonesondes for ozone profile observations in winter/spring periods at Salekhard aerological station. The results of ozonesounding at Salekhard station are in NDACC database. The recent results of Brewer, SAOZ total ozone observations in Siberia and Far East, Russia, data of ozone profile observations in western Siberia at Salekhard aerological station in winter/spring sesons of 2011 and 2012 will be presented and discussed

Distribution of trace gases and aerosols in the troposphere over West Siberia and Kara Sea

International audienceThe Arctic is affected by climate change much stronger than other regions of the globe. Permafrost thawing can lead to additional methane release, which enhances the greenhouse effect and warming, as well as changes of Arctic tundra ecosystems. A great part of Siberian Arctic is still unexplored. Ground-based investigations are difficult to be carried out in this area due to it is an out-of-the-way place. So, in spite of the high cost, aircraft-based in-situ measurements can provide a good opportunity to fill up the gap in data on the atmospheric composition over this region

Integrated airborne investigation of the air composition over the Russian sector of the Arctic

International audienceThe change of the global climate is most pronounced in the Arctic, where the air temperature increases 2 to 3 times faster than the global average. This process is associated with an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. There are publications predicting the sharp increase in methane emissions into the atmosphere due to permafrost thawing. Therefore, it is important to study how the air composition in the Arctic changes in the changing climate. In the Russian sector of the Arctic, the air composition was measured only in the surface atmospheric layer at the coastal stations or earlier at the drifting stations. Vertical distributions of gas constituents of the atmosphere and aerosol were determined only in a few small regions. That is why the integrated experiment was carried out to measure the composition of the troposphere in the entire Russian sector of the Arctic from on board the Optik Tu-134 aircraft laboratory in the period of ​​​​​​​4 to 17 September of 2020. The aircraft laboratory was equipped with contact and remote measurement facilities. The contact facilities were capable of measuring the concentrations of CO2, CH4, O3, CO, NOx​​​​​​​, and SO2, as well as the disperse composition of particles in the size range from 3 nm to 32 µm, black carbon, and organic and inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol. The remote facilities were operated to measure the water transparency in the upper layer of the ocean, the chlorophyll content in water, and spectral characteristics of the underlying surface. The measured data have shown that the ocean continues absorbing CO2. This process is most intense over the Barents and Kara seas. The recorded methane concentration was increased over all the Arctic seas, reaching 2090 ppb in the near-water layer over the Kara Sea. The contents of other gas components and black carbon were close to the background level.In bioaerosol, bacteria predominated among the identified microorganisms. In most samples, they were represented by coccal forms, less often spore-forming and non-spore-bearing rod-shaped bacteria. No dependence of the representation of various bacterial genera on the height and the sampling site was revealed. The most turbid during the experiment was the upper layer of the Chukchi and Bering seas. The Barents Sea turned out to be the most transparent. The differences in extinction varied by more than a factor of 1.5. In all measurements, except for the Barents Sea, the tendency of an increase in chlorophyll fluorescence in more transparent waters was observed

Integrated airborne investigation of the air composition over the Russian Sector of the Arctic

International audienceThe change of the global climate is most pronounced in the Arctic, where the air temperature increases two to three times faster than the global average. This process is associated with an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. There are publications predicting the sharp increase of methane emissions into the atmosphere due to permafrost thawing. Therefore, it is important to study how the air composition in the Arctic changes in the changing climate. In the Russian sector of the Arctic, the air composition was measured only in the surface atmospheric layer at the coastal stations or earlier at the drifting stations. Vertical distributions of gas constituents of the atmosphere and aerosol were determined only in few small regions. That is why the integrated experiment was carried out to measure the composition of the troposphere in the entire Russian sector of the Arctic from onboard the Optik Tu-134 aircraft laboratory in the period of September 4 to 17 of 2020. The aircraft laboratory was equipped with contact and remote measurement facilities. The contact facilities were capable of measuring the concentrations of CO2, CH4, O3, CO, NOX, and SO2, as well as the disperse composition of particles in the size range from 3 nm to 32 µm, black carbon, organic and inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol. The remote facilities were operated to measure the water transparency in the upper layer of the ocean, the chlorophyll content in water, and spectral characteristics of the underlying surface. The measured data have shown that the ocean continues absorbing СО2. This process is most intense over the Barents and Kara Seas. The recorded methan