Gender Specific Association of Serum Leptin and Insulinemic Indices with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Prediabetic Subjects.

Adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin plays a functional role in glucose tolerance through its effects on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity which also represent the risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study explored the gender specific association of serum leptin and insulinemic indices with NAFLD in Bangladeshi prediabetic subjects. Under a cross-sectional analytical design a total of 110 ultrasound examined prediabetic subjects, aged 25-68 years consisting of 57.3% male (55.6% non NAFLD and 44.4% NAFLD) and 42.7% female (57.4% non NAFLD and 42.6% NAFLD), were investigated. Insulin secretory function (HOMA%B) and insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) were calculated from homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Serum leptin showed significant positive correlation with fasting insulin (r = 0.530, P = 0.004), postprandial insulin (r = 0.384, P = 0.042) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.541, P = 0.003) as well as significant negative correlation with HOMA%S (r = -0.388, P = 0.046) and HOMA%B (r = -0.356, P = 0.039) in male prediabetic subjects with NAFLD. In multiple linear regression analysis, log transformed leptin showed significant positive association with HOMA-IR (β = 0.706, P <0.001) after adjusting the effects of body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG) and HOMA%B in male subjects with NAFLD. In binary logistic regression analysis, only log leptin [OR 1.29 95% (C.I) (1.11-1.51), P = 0.001] in male subjects as well as HOMA%B [OR 0.94 95% (C.I) (0.89-0.98), P = 0.012], HOMA-IR [OR 3.30 95% (C.I) (0.99-10.95), P = 0.049] and log leptin [OR 1.10 95% (C.I) (1.01-1.20), P = 0.026] in female subjects were found to be independent determinants of NAFLD after adjusting the BMI and TG. Serum leptin seems to have an association with NAFLD both in male and female prediabetic subjects and this association in turn, is mediated by insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance among these subjects

Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics in non NAFLD and NAFLD groups of both genders.

<p>Results are expressed as number (percentage), mean ± SD; n = number of subjects; SGPT, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase; GGT, gama glutamate transaminase; SGOT, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; HOMA%B, β cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment; HOMA%S: insulin sensitivity assessed by homeostasis model assessment; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.</p><p>Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical characteristics in non NAFLD and NAFLD groups of both genders.</p

General characteristic of the study subjects by gender.

<p>Results are expressed as number (percentage), mean ± SD; n = number of subjects; HOMA%B, β cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment; HOMA%S, insulin sensitivity assessed by homeostasis model assessment; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.</p><p>General characteristic of the study subjects by gender.</p

Circulating leptin levels in the study subjects.

<p>Log transformed serum leptin was significantly higher in female subjects compared to their male counterparts (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p

Predicting the Mental Health of Rural Bangladeshi Children in Covid’19

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) current pandemic is a worldwide health emergency like no other. It is not the only COVID-19 infection in infants, children, and adolescents that is causing concern among their families and professionals; there are also other serious issues that must be carefully detected and addressed. Major things are identified due to COVID-19, some elements are affecting children’s healthcare in direct or indirect ways, affecting them not just from a medical standpoint but also from social, psychological, economic, and educational perspectives. All these factors may have affected children’s mental development, particularly in rural settings. As Bangladesh faces a major challenge such as a lack of public mental health facilities, especially in rural areas. So, we discovered a method to predict the mental development condition of rural children that they are facing at this time of COVID-19 using machine learning technology. This research work can predict whether a rural child is mentally developed or mentally hampered in Bangladesh and this prediction gives nice feedback

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation with Associated Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Depression in an Urbanizing Rural Community in Bangladesh: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundTo determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and impaired glucose regulation (impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and impaired glucose tolerance [IGT]) in an urbanizing rural population of Bangladesh and associated cardiometabolic risk indicators and depression.MethodsA total of 2,293 subjects aged ≥20 years in an urbanizing rural Bangladeshi community were investigated. Socio-demographic and anthropometric details, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 hours after 75 g plasma glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting serum insulin and lipid profiles were studied. Presence of depressive symptoms using Montogomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale was also assessed.ResultsThe prevalence of IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT, and T2DM were 3.4%, 4.0%, 1.2%, and 7.9%, respectively. The prevalence of T2DM and impaired glucose regulation differed between males and females, but, both increased with age in both sexes. FPG and 2hPG had positive correlation. Employing logistic regression, it was found that increased age, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and depression were independent risk indicators for diabetes. Both insulin resistance and β-cell deficiency were significantly related for causation of diabetes. Among the study population, 26.2% had general obesity, 39.8% central obesity, 15.5% hypertension, 28.7% dyslipidemia, 17.6% family history of diabetes, and 15.3% had depression. Physical inactivity and smoking habits were significantly higher in male.ConclusionRising prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in this urbanizing rural population exist as a significant but hidden public health problem. Depression and other cardiometabolic risk indicators including obesity, hypertension, and dyslipdemia were also prevalent in this population