Asymptotic Neutrality of Large-Z Ions

Let N(Z) denote the number of electrons that a nucleus of charge Z binds in nonrelativistic quantum theory. It is proved that (N(Z))/Z → 1 as Z → ∞. The Pauli principle plays a critical role

On the Cahn-Hilliard equation with dynamic boundary conditions and a dominating boundary potential

The Cahn-Hilliard and viscous Cahn-Hilliard equations with singular and possibly nonsmooth potentials and dynamic boundary condition are considered and some well-posedness and regularity results are proved. Key words: Cahn-Hilliard equation, dynamic boundary conditions, phase separation, irregular potentials, well-posedness.Comment: A revised version of this paper has been published on J. Math. Anal. Appl. 419 (2014), 972-994: the authors would like to point out that both the published version and the arXiv preprint contain a useless assumption in formula (2.37), concerning the zero normal derivative of the initial value on the boundary; indeed this condition is never employed in the proof

Quantitative Spatial Frequency Fluorescence Imaging in the Sub-Diffusive Domain for Image-Guided Glioma Resection

Intraoperative 5- aminolevulinic acid induced-Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence guidance enables maximum safe resection of glioblastomas by providing surgeons with real-time tumor optical contrast. However, visual assessment of PpIX fluorescence is subjective and limited by the distorting effects of light attenuation and tissue autofluorescence. We have previously shown that non-invasive point measurements of absolute PpIX concentration identifies residual tumor that is otherwise non-detectable. Here, we extend this approach to wide-field quantitative fluorescence imaging by implementing spatial frequency domain imaging to recover tissue optical properties across the field-of-view in phantoms and ex vivo tissue

Dipyn o Gymraeg? A bit of Welsh? Bilingualism and automatic translation in clinical practiceaAssessment documentation?

National and CU Policy on Assessment in Cymraeg Cymraeg must enjoy parity with Saesneg, moving towards ‘Cymraeg yn gyntaf’. Students must notify University 6 weeks ahead of using Cymraeg in written assessment. Digital innovation in language Automatic translation of text becoming mainstream (email, social media). This may afford increased opportunities to use Cymraeg in formal settings, e.g., clinical practice assessment. Take-up of Cymraeg How can Cymraeg break ‘glass ceiling’ of use in formal settings? Professional conversations are in Saesneg, biasing future language choice (yn Ne Cymru). Cymraeg in professional settings may be limited to verbal exchanges. Documentation is predominantly monoglot (e.g. WNCR) Paucity of professional terminology in existence or use, in spite of ‘Caring In Welsh’ App. Clinical Practice Assessment Objective/descriptive emphasis in responses is more resilient to vagaries of automatic translation, compared with prosaic assessment types (e.g., extended essay). Professional terminology dominated by English terms with no equivalent in Cymraeg, and therefore less scope for mistranslation. Built-in (not bolt-on) translation legitimises Cymraeg Invites those lacking confidence with Cymraeg to attempt few/many responses in Cymraeg as desired. Students are keen/not keen? Students expressed concern at being judged on automatically translated versions of responses. Robust data across healthcare is necessary

A relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic description for systems including particle number changing processes

Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic equations are extended by taking into account particle number changing processes in a gluon system, which expands in one dimension boost-invariantly. Chemical equilibration is treated by a rate equation for the particle number density based on Boltzmann equation and Grad's ansatz for the off-equilibrium particle phase space distribution. We find that not only the particle production, but also the temperature and the momentum spectra of the gluon system, obtained from the hydrodynamic calculations, are sensitive to the rates of particle number changing processes. Comparisons of the hydrodynamic calculations with the transport ones employing the parton cascade BAMPS show the inaccuracy of the rate equation at large shear viscosity to entropy density ratio. To improve the rate equation, the Grad's ansatz has to be modified beyond the second moments in momentum.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure

Asymptotic Neutrality of Large-Z Ions

Let N(Z) denote the number of electrons that a nucleus of charge Z binds in nonrelativistic quantum theory. It is proved that (N(Z))/Z → 1 as Z → ∞. The Pauli principle plays a critical role

The Structure and Star-Formation History of NGC 5461

We compute photoionization models for the giant extragalactic H II region NGC 5461, and compare their predictions to several observational constraints. Since we aim at reproducing not only the global properties of the region, but its local structure also, the models are constrained to reproduce the observed density profile, and our analysis takes into consideration the bias introduced by the shapes and sizes of the slits used by different observers. We find that an asymmetric nebula with a gaussian density distribution, powered by a young burst of 3.1 Myr, satisfactorily reproduces most of the constraints, and that the star-formation efficiency inferred from the model agrees with current estimates. Our results strongly depend on the assumed density law, since constant density models overestimate the hardness of the ionizing field, affecting the deduced properties of the central stellar cluster. We illustrate the features of our best model, and discuss the possible sources of errors and uncertainties affecting the outcome of this type of studies.Comment: 33 pages (LaTeX), 3 .eps figures. to be published in ApJ, May 200

Cardiovascular-renal axis disorders in the domestic dog and cat: a veterinary consensus statement

OBJECTIVES There is a growing understanding of the complexity of interplay between renal and cardiovascular systems in both health and disease. The medical profession has adopted the term "cardiorenal syndrome" (CRS) to describe the pathophysiological relationship between the kidney and heart in disease. CRS has yet to be formally defined and described by the veterinary profession and its existence and importance in dogs and cats warrant investigation. The CRS Consensus Group, comprising nine veterinary cardiologists and seven nephrologists from Europe and North America, sought to achieve consensus around the definition, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of dogs and cats with "cardiovascular-renal disorders" (CvRD). To this end, the Delphi formal methodology for defining/building consensus and defining guidelines was utilised. METHODS Following a literature review, 13 candidate statements regarding CvRD in dogs and cats were tested for consensus, using a modified Delphi method. As a new area of interest, well-designed studies, specific to CRS/CvRD, are lacking, particularly in dogs and cats. Hence, while scientific justification of all the recommendations was sought and used when available, recommendations were largely reliant on theory, expert opinion, small clinical studies and extrapolation from data derived from other species. RESULTS Of the 13 statements, 11 achieved consensus and 2 did not. The modified Delphi approach worked well to achieve consensus in an objective manner and to develop initial guidelines for CvRD. DISCUSSION The resultant manuscript describes consensus statements for the definition, classification, diagnosis and management strategies for veterinary patients with CvRD, with an emphasis on the pathological interplay between the two organ systems. By formulating consensus statements regarding CvRD in veterinary medicine, the authors hope to stimulate interest in and advancement of the understanding and management of CvRD in dogs and cats. The use of a formalised method for consensus and guideline development should be considered for other topics in veterinary medicine

Sociological and Human Developmental Explanations of Crime: Conflict or Consensus

This paper examines multidisciplinary correlates of delinquency in an attempt to integrate sociological and environmental theories of crime with human developmental and biological explanations of crime. Structural equation models are applied to assess links among biological, psychological, and environmental variables collected prospectively from birth through age 17 on a sample of 800 black children at high risk for learning and behavioral disorders. Results show that for both males and females, aggression and disciplinary problems in school during adolescence are the strongest predictors of repeat offense behavior. Whereas school achievement and family income and stability are also significant predictors of delinquency for males, early physical development is the next strongest predictor for females. Results indicate that some effects on delinquency also vary during different ages. It is suggested that behavioral and learning disorders have both sociological and developmental correlates and that adequate educational resources are necessary to ensure channels of legitimate opportunities for high-risk youths