Diagnosis and treatment process of comorbid bipolar disorder in a patient diagnosed with autism: Case report

Depression is one of the main psychiatric comorbidity reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, some cases of bipolar disorder accompanying ASD have been reported. In the past, there was a tendency to attribute all psychiatric problems in autistic children and adults to autism itself. Nowadays, there is not only an increase in the number of studies on other medical conditions especially neurological conditions in ASD but also there is an increasing effort in defining the comorbide psychiatric disorders. Comorbid psychiatric conditions can make disease management difficult in cases of autism. The precise and reliable diagnosis of psychiatric disorders accompanying children and adolescents with autism is of great importance. More specific treatment options are possible when problematic behaviors are accepted only as a manifestation of comorbid psychiatric disorder from isolated behavior. In this case report, we aimed to present the diagnosis and management of an adolescent autism diagnosed patient and comorbid bipolar disorder

Identification of novel arsenic resistance genes in yeast

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that affects human health by causing numerous diseases and by being used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) has been extensively utilized to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying arsenic toxicity and resistance in eukaryotes. In this study, we applied a genomic DNA overexpression strategy to identify yeast genes that provide arsenic resistance in wild-type and arsenic-sensitive S. cerevisiae cells. In addition to known arsenic-related genes, our genetic screen revealed novel genes, including PHO86, VBA3, UGP1, and TUL1, whose overexpression conferred resistance. To gain insights into possible resistance mechanisms, we addressed the contribution of these genes to cell growth, intracellular arsenic, and protein aggregation during arsenate exposure. Overexpression of PHO86 resulted in higher cellular arsenic levels but no additional effect on protein aggregation, indicating that these cells efficiently protect their intracellular environment. VBA3 overexpression caused resistance despite higher intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels. Overexpression of UGP1 led to lower intracellular arsenic and protein aggregation levels while TUL1 overexpression had no impact on intracellular arsenic or protein aggregation levels. Thus, the identified genes appear to confer arsenic resistance through distinct mechanisms but the molecular details remain to be elucidated

Effects of three different doses of atropine drops on myopic progression in children during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low doses of atropine drops (0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% atropine sulfate) on spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) in children with myopia during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Participants were randomly classified into 4 groups: 0.05%, 0.025%, and 0.01% doses of atropine sulfate and placebo. Cycloplegic refraction diopters and AL were regularly calculated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the onset of treatment. At the end of the first year, the difference in the mean SE values were −1.07±0.40 D, −0.71±0.66 D, −0.53±0.46 D, and −0.35±0.62 D in the placebo, 0.01% atropine, 0.025% atropine, and 0.05% atropine groups, respectively (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(2.000): 393-7

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Hypersensitivity In Adults And The Factors Associated With Asthma

Background: Characteristics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-hypersensitivity (NH) associated with underlying/accompanying diseases has not been studied in Turkey. In addition, the factors associated with asthma in NH patients are not well known. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between NH and chronic urticaria, rhinitis/rhinosinusitis, and asthma in an effort to identify NH phenotypes. The study's secondary aim was to identify the factors associated with asthma in NH patients and the NSAID reaction pattern in asthmatics. Methods: Data for 1137 NH patients in our hospital's allergy clinic database were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into 5 groups based on their accompanying diseases (chronic urticaria, asthma, rhinitis/rhinosinusitis). Asthmatic patients were compared to non-asthmatic patients to identify the factors associated with asthma. Results: Reaction patterns and patient characteristics in each group differed from those in the reference group (NH only group). Asthma in patients with NH was associated with female gender, sinonasal polyposis/polyp surgery, rhinitis/rhinosinusitis, NSAID-induced rhinitis/asthma or a blended reaction pattern, immediate reaction following NSAID intake, self-reported history of food allergy, and family history of asthma; the odds ratios and 95% CIs were 1.35 (1.02-1.78), 13.52 (8.74-20.9)/10.94 (6.73-17.77), 12.06 (9-16.17), 15.28 (10.45-22.36)/2.43 (1.70-3.45), 1.76 (1.31-2.35), 1.49 (1.04-2.14), and 3.1 (2.35-4.08), respectively. The characteristics of the asthmatic patients that had urticaria/angioedema-type reactions to NSAID intake (pseudo Samter's syndrome) differed from those in the asthmatics with rhinitis/asthma-type reactions. Conclusions: Chronic urticaria, rhinitis, and asthma commonly accompany NH. NSAID response patterns in NH patients may help differentiate groups of patients. The present study identified factors associated with asthma in NH patients and observed that there seems to be different phenotypes of Samter's syndrome, for which a new classification scheme was proposed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.WoSScopu