Training of Teachers of Professional Training in Food Technologies in Conditions of Intensification of Modern Production

У статті розглядаються теоретико-методичні аспекти підготовки педагогів професійного навчання з харчових технологій в умовах інтенсифікації сучасного виробництва. Розглядається необхідність оновлення змісту підготовки педагогів професійного навчання з харчових технологій в умовах інтенсифікації виробництва навчання у вищих навчальних закладах. В сучасному суспільстві найчастіше застосовуються якісні чинники розширення виробництва, такі як підвищення продуктивності праці, вдосконалення діючих виробничих основних фондів, збільшення випуску продукції при менших витратах всіх ресурсів і ін. До інтенсифікації виробництва сучасного штовхає конкуренція, яка змушує виробників для отримання більшої, та й нормального прибутку знижувати витрати та підвищуючи продуктивність праці. Інтенсифікація сучасного виробництва приводить не тільки до економії праці, а і до економії всіх ресурсів: трудових, матеріальних, енергетичних, природних, фінансових та інших. Перспектива будь-якого виробництва лежить в площині впровадження чогось нового, нового товару, нової технології, нового обладнання, нової організації праці і так далі. В іншому випадку в умовах конкуренції і досить високому рівні розвитку продуктивних сил домогтися гарних успіхів неможливо. Підвищення продуктивності праці не можливе без оновлення застарілого обладнання, зміни технологій, застосування більш досконалої організації праці та нових матеріалів. Інформаційний вибух і сучасні темпи зростання наукової інформації, яку потрібно встигнути передати студентам за час навчання, спонукають викладачів шукати вихід з положення за рахунок нових педагогічних прийомів Інтенсифікація сучасного виробництва мотивує до зміни підходів у навчальному процесі підготовки фахівців професійної освіти. Перед сучасним педагогом професійного навчання стоїть задача активного пошуку новітніх, більш інтенсивних методів, форм і засобів навчання, щоб розвивати у студентів пізнавальну активність. Тому створення проблемних ситуацій у процесі підготовки педагогів професійного навчання є запорука підвищення ефективності навчання в умовах інтенсифікації сучасного виробництва [6].The article deals with theoretical and methodical aspects of the training of teachers of professional training in food technologies in the conditions of intensification of modern production. The necessity of updating the contents of the training of teachers of professional training in food technologies in the conditions of intensification of training production in higher educational institutions is considered. In modern society, high-quality factors of production expansion, such as increasing labor productivity, improving existing operating fixed assets, increasing production output at lower costs of all resources are used more often. The intensification of modern production is pushed by competition, which forces producers to reduce their costs and increase their productivity for more and normal profits. Intensification of modern production leads not only to saving labor, but to save on all resources: labor, material, energy, natural, financial, and others. The prospect of any production lies in the introduction of something new, new product, new technology, new equipment, a new organization of work, and so on. Otherwise, in conditions of competition and a fairly high level of development of productive forces, it is impossible to achieve good success. It is impossible to increase productivity without updating obsolete equipment, changing technology, applying a more perfect organization of work and new materials. The information explosion and the current pace of growth of scientific information, which one needs to have time to pass on to students during the study, prompts teachers to seek a way out of the situation at the expense of new pedagogical techniques. Intensification of modern production motivates to change approaches in the training process of professional education professionals. The modern educator of professional education faces the task of actively searching for the newest, more intensive methods, forms and means of teaching in order to develop cognitive activity among students. Therefore, the creation of problem situations in the training of teachers of vocational training is a key to increasing the effectiveness of training in an intensification of modern production [6]

Застосування методу екологічної оцінки будівельних матеріалів при порівнянні різних аспектів впливу на навколишнє середовище

This article discusses the methods of environmental assessment of building materials in terms of their hygienic safety, identifies these safety criteria and characteristics to assess the impact of building materials on human health. On their basis, we developed ecological ways to improve the sanitary and hygienic properties of finishing materials.У даній статті розглянуті методи екологічної оцінки будівельних матеріалів за показниками їх гігієнічної безпеки, визначені ці критерії безпеки і характеристики для оцінки впливу будівельних матеріалів на здоров’я людини. На їх основі розробили екологічні шляхи покращення санітарно-гігієнічних властивостей оздоблювальних матеріалів

Determination of the propellant combustion law under ballistic experiment conditions

The main characteristics of ballistic experiment are the maximum pressure in the combustion chamber P max and the projectile velocity at the time of barrel leaving U M. During the work the burning law of the new high-energy fuel was determined in a ballistic experiment. This burning law was used for a parametric study of depending P max and U M from a powder charge mass and a traveling charge at initial temperature of + 20 °C was carried out. The optimal conditions for loading were obtained for improving the muzzle velocity by 14.9 %. Under optimal loading, there is defined the conditions, which is possible to get the greatest value muzzle velocity projectile at pressures up to 600 MPa

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРИНАТАЛЬНОГО АНАМНЕЗУ В ДІТЕЙ З БРОНХОЛЕГЕНЕВОЮ ДИСПЛАЗІЄЮ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - one of the pressing problems of Pediatrics, whose significance goes beyond the neonatal and is considered a chronic obstructive disease of young children. The paper presented the results of the study perinatalanamneses of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Бронхолегочная дисплазия - одна из актуальных проблем педиатрии, значение которой выходит за пределы неонатологии и рассматривается как хроническое обструктивное заболевание детей раннего возраста. В работе представлены результаты изучения особенностей перинатального анамнеза у детей с бронхолегочной дисплазией. Бронхолегенева дисплазія - одна з актуальних проблем педіатрії, значення якої виходить за межі неонатології і розглядається як хронічне обструктивне захворювання дітей раннього віку. В роботі подані результати вивчення особливостей перинатального анамнезу в дітей із бронхолегеневою дисплазією

Исследование кинематики формообразования зубчатых колес методом контурной обработки

Для процесу контурної обробки зубчатих коліс ексцентрично розташованою дисковою фрезою теоретично встановлено характер залежності форми одержаних профілів зубів від параметрів установки фрези і її геометричних розмірів. На базі зубофрезерного верстата мод. 5В312 з використовуванням фрезерної оправки із зміщеним центром осі обертання фрези експериментально доведено можливість використовування такої схеми для чорнової обробки евольвентніх зубчатих коліс.For process of gears’ contour machining by the eccentric placed disk-shaped milling cutter, dependence’s nature of obtained teeth’ form from parameters of milling cutter’s placement and its geometrical sizes was determined theoretically. By using a special tooling with eccentric axis of milling cutter rotation on the base of gear-hobbing machine 5В312, a possibility of using of this type of machining for involute gears’ roughing was proved experimentally.Для процесса контурной обработки зубчатых колес эксцентрически расположенной дисковой фрезой теоретически установлен характер зависимости формы полученных профилей зубов от параметров установки фрезы и ее геометрических размеров. На базе зубофрезерного станка мод. 5В312 с использованием фрезерной оправки со смещенным центром оси вращения фрезы экспериментально доказана возможность использования такой схемы для черновой обработки евольвентних зубчатых колес

Kinematic characteristics of the Milky Way globular clusters based on Gaia DR-2 data

Using the data from Gaia (ESA) Data Release 2 we performed the orbital calculations of globular clusters (GCs) of the Milky Way. To explore possible close encounters (or collisions) between the GCs, using our own developed high-order phi-GRAPE code, we integrated (backward and forward) the orbits of 119 objects with reliable positions and proper motions. In calculations, we adopted a realistic axisymmetric Galactic potential (bulge + disk + halo). Using different impact conditions, we found four pairs of the six GCs that may have experienced an encounter within twice the sum of the half-mass radii (collisions) over the last 5Gyr: Terzan3 - NGC 6553, Terzan 3 - NGC 6218, Liller 1 - NGC 6522 and Djorg 2 - NGC 6553

Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Bismuth Titanates Bi1.6HoxTi2O7 – δ and Bi1.6Mg0.1HoxTi2O7 – δ

Abstract: Pyrochlores Bi1.6HoxTi2O7 – δ and Bi1.6Mg0.1Ho xTi2O7 – δ, where x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1, and Bi1.5HoxTi2O7 – δ, where x = 0.25 and 0.5, have been synthesized and their structural, optical, and luminescence properties have been studied. As a result of analyzing the data obtained experimentally and the available theoretical data, it is shown that the intrinsic luminescence of the samples is due to the O2p ↔ Bi6p and Bi6s ↔ Bi6p electron transitions and the impurity luminescence is due to the f–f transitions in Ho3+ and the O2p → Ho3+ charge transfer. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 19-03-00642The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project 19-03-00642

Evaluation of grain yield performance and its stability in various spring barley accessions under condition of different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine

Two extremely urgent problems of biological and agronomic research nowadays are ensuring an optimal balance between usage of natural resources to meet rapidly growing needs for food production and preservation of biodiversity. It is also important to extend the genetic diversity of the main crop varieties in agroecosystems. At the same time, modern varieties should be characterized by a combination of high yield and preserving yield stability under variable conditions. Solving the outlined tasks requires comprehensive research and involvement in breeding process of the genetical diversity concentrated in genebanks of the world. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important crops that satisfy the various needs of humanity. In respect to this, in 2020–2022, a multi-environment trial was conducted in three agroclimatic zones of Ukraine (Forest-Steppe, Polissia, and Northern Steppe). We studied 44 spring barley collection accessions of different ecological and geographical origin, different subspecies and groups of botanical varieties which were obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Statistical indices (Hom, Sc) and graphical models (GGE biplot, AMMI) were used to interpret the yield performance and its stability. Both individual ecological sites in different years and combinations of different sites and years of trials were characterized for productivity, discriminating power and representativeness. The environments differed quite strongly among themselves in terms of these indicators. It was established that most of the genotypes were characterized by higher adaptability to individual environmental conditions (stability in different years), compared to adaptability for all agroclimatic zones (wide adaptation). A strong cross-over genotype by environment interaction was found for most studied accessions. Nevertheless, both genotypes with very high stability in only one agroclimatic zone (Amil (UKR), Gateway (CAN)) and genotypes with a combination of high adaptability to one or two ecological niches and relatively higher wide adaptability (Stymul (UKR), Ly-1064 (UKR), Rannij (KAZ), Shedevr (UKR), and Arthur (CZE)) were identified. There were also the accessions which did not show maximum performance in the individual sites, but had relatively higher wide adaptability (Ly-1059 (UKR), Ly-1120 (UKR), Diantus (UKR), and Danielle (CZE)). In general, the naked barley genotypes were inferior to the covered ones in terms of yield potential and wide adaptability, but at the same time, some of them (CDC ExPlus (CAN), CDC Gainer (CAN), and Roseland (CAN)), accordingly to the statistical indicators, had increased stability in certain ecological sites. Among naked barley accessions relatively better wide adaptability according to the graphical analysis was found in the accession CDC McGwire (CAN), and by the statistical parameters CDC ExPlus (CAN) was better than standard. The peculiarities of yield manifestation and its variability in different spring barley genotypes in the multi-environment trial revealed in this study will contribute to the complementation and deepening of existing data in terms of the genotype by environment interaction. Our results can be used in further studies for developing spring barley variety models both with specific and wide adaptation under conditions of different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. The disitnguished accessions of different origin and botanical affiliation are recommended for creating a new breeding material with the aim of simultaneously increasing yield potential and stability, as well as widening the genetic basis of spring barley varieties

Special features of high-speed interaction of supercavitating solids in water

Special features of material behavior of a supercavitating projectile are investigated at various initial velocities of entering water on the basis of the developed stress-strain state model with possibility of destruction of solids when moving in water and interacting with various underwater barriers with the use of consistent methodological approach of mechanics of continuous media. The calculation-experimental method was used to study the modes of motion of supercavitating projectiles at sub- and supersonic velocities in water medium after acceleration in the barrelled accelerator, as well as their interaction with barriers. Issues of stabilization of the supercavitating projectile on the initial flight path in water were studied. Microphotographs of state of solids made of various materials, before and after interaction with water, at subsonic and supersonic velocities were presented. Supersonic velocity of the supercavitating projectile motion in water of 1590 m/s was recorded

Apoptosis in the liver of male <em>db/db</em> mice during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are known to lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanisms of programmed cell death are actively involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis along development of NAFLD. Proteins of the BCL-2 family are key regulators of physiological and pathological apoptosis. Homozygous males of BKS.Cg-Dock7mLeprdb/+/+/J mice (db/db mice) are characterized by progressive obesity and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with severe hyperglycemia at 4–8 weeks and organ lesions at 8–10 weeks of age. The aim of this research was to study the expression of molecular cell regulators of apoptosis in liver cells of db/db mice males at different stages of obesity and diabetes development (at the age of 10 and 18 weeks). Immunohistochemical analysis (using the indirect avidin-biotin peroxidase method) and morphometric evaluation of the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the proapoptotic protein Bad in liver cells of studied animals at different stages of obesity and DM2 were carried out. An excess of the value of the Bcl-2 protein staining area over the Bad protein staining area was revealed in the liver of 10-week-old animals. The Bcl-2/Bad expression area ratio in 10-week-old animals was twice as high as in 18-week-old animals, which indicates the presence of conditions for blocking apoptosis in the liver of younger db/db mice. At the 18th week of life, db/db mice displayed an almost threefold increase in the expression area of the Bad protein against the background of an unchanged expression of the Bcl-2 protein. The decrease in the Bcl-2/Bad staining area ratio in 18-week-old animals was due to the increase in the Bad expression area, which indicates the absence of antiapoptotic cell protection and creates conditions for activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in the liver of male db/db mice with pronounced signs of obesity and DM2