Use, production and conservation of palm fiber in South America: A review

South American ethnic groups traditionally use palm fiber, which provides materials for domestic, commercial, and ceremonial purposes. A literature review of 185 references was carried out in order to identify and understand the extent of palm fiber production and the sustainability of harvesting and use in South America. The reports recorded 111 palm species and 37 genera used for fiber in the region; the genera Attalea, Astrocaryum and Syagrus had the highest diversity of fiber-producing species. Mauritia flexuosa and Astrocaryum chambira were the species mostly reported and with the largest number of object types manufactured with their fibers. The geographical distribution of the species use nearly overlaps the natural distribution of palms in South America, reaching its highest diversity in northern Amazonia, where palms are used mostly by indigenous people and peasants. The techniques used for extraction, harvesting and processing are usually basic and minimal. Most species are represented by wild populations found on common lands, the little detailed information available suggests that when use is intensive it is mosly unsustainable, and those with a greater market demand usually become locally extinct. Market demand, ecosystem conservation, and management practices used to boost fiber production are the major variables determining the sustainability of fiber extraction

Imantodes inornatus (Boulenger, 1886) (Squamata: Dipsadidae): expansión del rango de la distribución conocida y primeros registros del valle del río Magdalena, Colombia

The first report of the Speckled Blunt-headed Tree Snake (Imantodes inornatus) is presented for the Magdalena River valley, from the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá and Caldas in Colombia. Since these records correspond to the biogeographic Magdalena province, the known range for the species is expanded. In Colombia, this is a trans-Andean species found from the Pacific rainforests of the Chocó region, through the northern portion of the Western and Central Andean ranges, to the middle Magdalena River valley.Se registra por primera vez la serpiente de árbol cabeza moteada (Imantodes inornatus) en el valle del río Magdalena en los departamentos de Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá y Caldas, en Colombia. Estos registros corresponden a la provincia biogeográfica del Magdalena, lo que aumenta el área de distribución conocida. En Colombia, esta especie es un elemento transandino que cruza las selvas tropicales del Pacífico de la región chocoana, a través de la porción septentrional de las cordilleras Occidental y Central hasta el valle medio del río Magdalena

Global well-posedness for the KP-I equation on the background of a non localized solution

We prove that the Cauchy problem for the KP-I equation is globally well-posed for initial data which are localized perturbations (of arbitrary size) of a non-localized (i.e. not decaying in all directions) traveling wave solution (e.g. the KdV line solitary wave or the Zaitsev solitary waves which are localized in $x$ and $y$ periodic or conversely)

Comportamiento del cáncer colorectal en pacientes menores de 40 años de dos hospitales universitarios en medellín y neiva entre 1980-2000

Determinar el comportamiento del CCR en pacientes menores de 40 años, diagnosticados en el HUHMP y HUSVP desde 1980 hasta el año 2000, para observar la frecuencia y justificar de manera epidemiológica la importancia de desarrollar nuevos proyectos en el país en esta área

Myotonic dystrophy type 1: case report of a colombian patient

Introducción: La distrofia miotónica es una enfermedad poco frecuente de origen genético. Se produce por aumento de repeticiones de la tripleta CTG en el gen DMPK (locus 19q13.32), o por aumento de repeticiones de CCTG en el gen ZNF9 (locus3q21.3). Su fenotipo es variable y sus principales características son la debilidad muscular progresiva y la miotonía. El objetivo de esta publicación es reportar un caso colombiano de distrofia miotónica tipo 1 con diagnóstico molecular y contribuir a la construcción de datos epidemiológicos locales sobre esta patología. Además, aportar información a médicos generales, pediatras, internistas, fisiatras, neurólogos, y en general al personal de salud que puede tener contacto con pacientes con debilidad muscular progresiva, escenario en el cual la distrofia miotónica es una posibilidad diagnóstica a considerar. Descripción del caso: Hombre de 37 años, con historia de pobre succión neonatal, retraso en los hitos del desarrollo, discapacidad intelectual y, en la adolescencia, aparición de debilidad progresiva generalizada, miotonía y disfagia. El Southernblot y PCR del gen DMPK mostraron un alelo expandido en un rango entre 1100 a 1700 repeticiones del triplete CGT y un alelo normal, confirmando el diagnóstico de distrofia miotónicatipo 1. Conclusión: El paciente aquí reportado presentó fenotipo sugestivo de DM1; el diagnóstico fue confirmado con la prueba molecular. Con el resultado fue posible realizar una consejería genética adecuada y brindar información sobre la enfermedad.Introduction: Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is a rare genetic disease. It is produced by an increased repetition of the CTG triplet in the DMPK gene (locus 19q13.32), or by increasing repetitions of CCTG in the ZNF9 gene (locus 3q21.3). Its phenotype is variable, and its key features are progressive muscle weakness and myotonia. The aim of this publication is to report a Colombian case of myotonic dystrophy type 1 with molecular diagnosis and to contribute to the construction of local epidemiological data on this pathology. Also, to provide information to general practitioners, pediatricians, internists, physiatrists, neurologists, and health personnel who may have contact with patients with progressive muscle weakness, scenario in which myotonic dystrophy is a diagnostic possibility to be considered. Case description: Thirty-seven year old male with a history of poor neonatal suction, delay in developmental milestones, intellectual disability and, in adolescence, the onset of progressive generalized weakness, myotonia and dysphagia. Southern blot and PCR of DMPK gene showed one expanded allele in a range between 1100-1700 repetitions of the CGT triplet and one normal allele, confirming the diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1. Conclusion: The patient reported here presented a phenotype suggestive of myotonic dystrophy type 1; the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular testing. This result made it possible to offer a proper genetic counseling and provide information about the disease

Búsqueda personalizada en Repositorios de Objetos de Aprendizaje a partir del perfil del estudiante

The personalized searches of Learning Objects(OA) in distributed repositories from the studentprofile require compare the variables the studentmodel and stored OA metadata. This article presentsan approach to a mechanism of personalized searchand proposes the student profile and the relationwith the metadata in some repositories of OA (ROA)better known. This research focuses more on themeta-information that OA content. This work is thefirst step to propose a recommendation model ofOA in the framework of a federation of ROA.Las búsquedas personalizadas de Objetos deAprendizaje (OA) en repositorios distribuidos apartir de caracterizar el perfil de estudiante, requiereequiparar las variables del modelo de estudiantey los metadatos de los OA almacenados. En elpresente artículo, se plantea un acercamiento a unmecanismo de búsqueda personalizada y se proponela caracterización del estudiante y la relación con losmetadatos que utilizan algunos de los Repositoriosde OA (ROA) más conocidos. Esta investigación secentra más en la metainformación de los OA, queen su contenido. Este trabajo es el primer paso paraplantear un modelo de recomendación de OA en elmarco de una Federación de ROA

Patrones de uso de antihipertensivos en 11.947 pacientes colombianos.

In Colombian populations older than 15 years, 12.6% suffer from hypertensive disease. Pharmacological therapies for hypertension and associated diseases were compared for 11,947 adult hypertensive patients of both sexes. All had been in treatment for more than 3 months (November/01-January/02), and were distributed among six Colombian cities. The data were retrieved from medication consumption registers that were maintained by the institutions that distribute medications to patients selected for the study. The average age of patients was 55.8 +/- 13.8, and 67.7% were women. Men were older (p < 0.05) and consumed other drugs more than women (67.7% vs. 62.4%, p < 0.05); 53.2% of patients received only one drug and 46.8% received between 2 to 5 drugs for hypertension disease. Medications most commonly prescribed were hydrchlorothiazide (31.8%), captopril (27.9%), verapamil (27.6%), enalapril (25%), metoprolol (15.1%) and propranolol (14.9%). The most common combinations were hydrochlorothiazide + ACE inhibitors (n = 2,001), hydrochlorothiazide + calcium channel antagonists (n = 1,367), verapamil + ACE inhibitors (n = 1,153) and hydrochlorothiazide + beta blocker (n = 1,021). Other prescribed medications included ASA as antiplatelet (38.2% of patients), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID, 16.2%), lipid-lowering drugs (11.8%), hypoglycemic agents (10.9%) and antiulcerous drugs (9.6%). Some agents are probably underemployed (ACE inhibitors, ASA) and others overused (antiulcerous). Potentially dangerous pharmacological interactions were discovered in 410 cases (3.43%). Significant differences occurred in physicians' formulations among the six cities, but rational prescription patterns prevailed. Newly designed educational strategies are recommended to prevent administration of potential harmful combinations. Further exploration of clinical results in these formulations is indicated.El 12,6% de la población colombiana mayor de 15 años es hipertensa. Para conocer sobre el manejo farmacológico de la hipertensión y su comorbilidad, se desarrolló este estudio en 11.947 hipertensos adultos de ambos sexos, en tratamiento durante más de 3 meses (noviembre/01-enero/02), habitantes de seis ciudades colombianas. La base de datos se diseñó a partir de registros sobre consumos de medicamentos, capturados por la empresa que dispensa fármacos a los pacientes del estudio. La edad promedio de los pacientes era 55,8±13,8 años, con 67,7% de mujeres. Los hombres eran de mayor edad (

Aspectos taxonómicos y ecogeográficos de algunas serpientes (Reptilia: Colubridae) del área de influencia de la Central Hidroeléctrica Miel I, Caldas, Colombia

This study presents records for some poorly known snake species in Colombia and information on the distribution, morphological characteristics, natural history notes and comments on the species Oxyrhopus occipitalis, Scaphiodontophis annulatus, Tantilla alticola, Urotheca fulviceps and Urotheca lateristriga. Records are the result of wild fauna monitoring developed in the Miel I hydroelectric project in the eastern department of Caldas from 2014 to 2015. Increased forest cover in this area has contributed to the conservation of local and regional biodiversity, including snakes. Suggested short-term actions for snake conservation in this area should include the implementation of road signs to avoid roadkills.Entre los años 2014 y 2015 se obtuvieron registros para algunas especies de serpientes poco conocidas en Colombia,como producto de los monitoreos de fauna silvestre en las zonas de influencia de la Central Hidroeléctrica Miel I(ISAGEN S.A.) en el oriente del departamento de Caldas. Presentamos información sobre la distribución, característicasmorfológicas, anotaciones de historia natural y comentarios de Oxyrhopus occipitalis, Scaphiodontophis annulatus,Tantilla alticola, Urotheca fulviceps y Urotheca lateristriga. Consideramos que el aumento de la cobertura boscosa enesta área ha aportado a la conservación local y regional de la biodiversidad, incluyendo la ofidiofauna. Sugerimosla implementación de una señalética vial para disminuir la mortalidad de serpientes por atropellamiento

Aspectos taxonómicos y ecogeográficos de algunas serpientes (Reptilia: Colubridae) del área de influencia de la Central Hidroeléctrica Miel I, Caldas, Colombia

Entre los años 2014 y 2015 se obtuvieron registros para algunas especies de serpientes poco conocidas en Colombia, como producto de los monitoreos de fauna silvestre en las zonas de influencia de la Central Hidroeléctrica Miel I (ISAGEN S.A.) en el oriente del departamento de Caldas. Presentamos información sobre la distribución, características morfológicas, anotaciones de historia natural y comentarios de Oxyrhopus occipitalis, Scaphiodontophis annulatus, Tantilla alticola, Urotheca fulviceps y Urotheca lateristriga. Consideramos que el aumento de la cobertura boscosa en esta área ha aportado a la conservación local y regional de la biodiversidad, incluyendo la ofidiofauna. Sugerimos la implementación de una señalética vial para disminuir la mortalidad de serpientes por atropellamiento

The phase shift of line solitons for the KP-II equation

The KP-II equation was derived by [B. B. Kadomtsev and V. I. Petviashvili,Sov. Phys. Dokl. vol.15 (1970), 539-541] to explain stability of line solitary waves of shallow water. Stability of line solitons has been proved by [T. Mizumachi, Mem. of vol. 238 (2015), no.1125] and [T. Mizumachi, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A. vol.148 (2018), 149--198]. It turns out the local phase shift of modulating line solitons are not uniform in the transverse direction. In this paper, we obtain the $L^\infty$-bound for the local phase shift of modulating line solitons for polynomially localized perturbations