The universal pragmatic principle of cooperation in the light of empathic communication

The article focuses on the realization of the universal pragmatic Principle of Cooperation in modern English discourse. This subject is relevant in the context of the growing interest in the pragmatic aspects of empathic communication. The Gricean paradigm of Cooperation was analyzed through the exploitation mechanism on the material from modern English literary and political discourses. The research has proved that to provide empathic communication the Cooperation maxims ideally work as follows: to achieve a coordinated interaction an interlocutor should try to make his/her conversational contribution truthful (the maxim of QUALITY), as informative as it is required (the maxim of QUANTITY), relevant (the maxim of RELATION), brief and orderly (the maxim of MANNER). The relation of reciprocal determination is established among the postulates of the Cooperative maxims with the further dominance of several of them in determining the direction of a communicative act to its goal (mutual understanding and empathy through the least cost spent). To achieve empathic communication the speaker can: 1) adhere to a certain postulate; 2) avoid it in some way; 3) consciously violate a postulate, exploiting its absence according to the chosen tactics of the discursive act conduct, which generates speech implicatures.Статья посвящена реализации универсального прагматического «принципа кооперации» в современном английском дискурсе. Эта тема актуальна в контексте растущего интереса к прагматическим аспектам эмпатического общения. Проанализировано использование парадигмы кооперации Грайса на материале литературного и политического дискурсов.Стаття присвячена реалізації універсального прагматичного «принципу кооперації» в сучасному англомовному дискурсі. Ця тема актуальна в контексті підвищеної зацікавленості прагматичними аспектами емпатійного спілкування. Проаналізовано використання парадигми кооперації Грайса на матеріалі літературного та політичного дискурсів

The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery : defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey

Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in 2016 on 173 physicians who participated in the AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections) project and on 658 international experts in the fields of ASPs, infection control, and infections in surgery. Results: The response rate was 19.4%. One hundred fifty-six (98.7%) participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary AST. The median number of physicians working inside the team was five [interquartile range 4-6]. An infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist and an infection control specialist were, respectively, present in 80.1, 76.3, and 67.9% of the ASTs. A surgeon was a component in 59.0% of cases and was significantly more likely to be present in university hospitals (89.5%, p <0.05) compared to community teaching (83.3%) and community hospitals (66.7%). Protocols for pre-operative prophylaxis and for antimicrobial treatment of surgical infections were respectively implemented in 96.2 and 82.3% of the hospitals. The majority of the surgical departments implemented both persuasive and restrictive interventions (72.8%). The most common types of interventions in surgical departments were dissemination of educational materials (62.5%), expert approval (61.0%), audit and feedback (55.1%), educational outreach (53.7%), and compulsory order forms (51.5%). Conclusion: The survey showed a heterogeneous organization of ASPs worldwide, demonstrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in the battle against antimicrobial resistance in surgical infections, and the importance of educational efforts towards this goal.Peer reviewe

Методологія та методика формування мовленнєвих компетенцій у навчанні та оцінюванні іноземних мов: лінгвістичний, соціокультурний, прагматичний аспекти

Об'єкт дослідження – комунікативні мовленнєві компетентності студентів немовних спеціальностей ЗВО у їх лінгвістичному, соціокультурному та прагматичному вимірах. Ціль роботи – провести комплексний аналіз взаємодії педагогічних чинників різної природи у контексті компетентністно орієнтованого навчання іноземних мов та розробити механізми розвитку комунікативних мовленнєвих компетентностей. Методи дослідження: використано комплекс сучасних загальнонаукових методів дослідження і підходів, включаючи теоретичні (аналіз, синтез, індукція, дедукція, систематизація, порівняння, узагальнення), емпіричні та статистичні методи, що дозволило опрацювати наукові джерела, визначити сутність та особливості професійно-орієнтованої мовної підготовки студентів нелінгвістичних спеціальностей та виявити її вплив на підвищення конкурентноздатності студентів на ринку праці. У роботі визначено дидактико-методичну сутність компетентнісно орієнтованого підходу до навчання іноземних мов; встановлено психолого-педагогічні чинники, які обумовлюють ефективність формування комунікативних мовленнєвих компетентностей студентів; досліджено вплив професійно-орієнтованої іншомовної підготовки студентів на підвищення їх конкурентоздатності на ринку праці; розроблено систему оцінювання навчальних досягнень студентів під час вивчення дисциплін іншомовної підготовки; описано інноваційні інструменти підвищення мотивації студентів немовних спеціальностей до вивчення іноземних мов через використання активних методів навчання та сучасних інформаційних технологій. Результати НДР впроваджено у навчальний процес СумДУ на всіх рівнях вищої освіти, а саме у практику викладання обов'язкових дисциплін гуманітарного циклу ("Іноземна мова (англійська/німецька)": перший рівень – "бакалавр"; "Іноземна мова професійного спрямування": другий рівень – "магістр"; "Іноземна мова для академічних цілей": третій рівень – "доктор філософії") та пакету вибіркових дисциплін іншомовної підготовки. Перспективою подальшого дослідження може бути розробка методології та методики формування іншомовних комунікативних мовленнєвих компетентностей студентів ЗВО в умовах дистанційного та гібридного навчання, а також питань впровадження альтернативних форм контролю з фокусом на пошук валідних та надійних інструментів мовного оцінювання онлайн

Efficiency of Integration of Knowledge, Forms and Methods of Education of Students in Vocational-Technical School

The article demonstrates the expediency of integrating of knowledge of the structure and properties of substance and building materials. It is shown that this approach avoids duplication of related material, overcomes inconsistency in the interpretation of concepts, the use of quantities and units of their measurements. Didactic requirements for the implementation of the ideas of integrated learning of related material are substantiated, the integrated content of knowledge of the substance and materials is worked out, different forms and methods of knowledge integration are tested depending on the nature of the integrated material. Special feedback from teachers of special technology and masters of industrial training is received. The training offered by our programs also receives a positive assessment of the students due to the decrease in the workload, the reduction of homework with the same educational significance, the availability of special concepts, the emergence of interest in the study of physics. The experiment reveals that integrated lessons, lectures, laboratory and tests, as well as integrated questions, tasks with integrated content, concretization and supplementation of physical knowledge with general and special ones, use of complex tasks, etc. are found to be effective forms of knowledge integration. Generalization of the results of the experimental work shows the benefits of learning oriented programs that involve the integration of students’ knowledge about the structure and properties of substance and building materials. It is important not to overburden any educational process with excessive integration, but to focus on its optimal use: in fact, the laws of educational integrology are aimed at it

PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF GIFTED STUDENTS FROM CARPATHIAN MOUNTAIN AREAS BY MEANS OF FOLK ART CRAFTS

This paper, presented at the Conference Plenary the possibilities of pedagogical support of gifted students from vocational schools, living in the mountainous areas of the Carpathians. Education of talented and gifted students requires pedagogical support. The specific conditions, in which Carpathian students live, require the development of pedagogical support of their abilities. New approaches to teaching science, which led to the selection of topics of this article are described. Gifted personalities differ from their peers by same criterias. The social aspect of the problem remains in the shadow: not to be ashamed of your talent and not to compare it with cliches. And goals of educators and psychologists have to be slightly different as is common. Widespread  Carpathian crafts include: embroidery, artistic textiles producing, carpet manufacture, carving, pottery, metalworking, fabric painting, knitting, lace, artistic weaving, artistic working of  leather, stones, bones and horns. Nowadays, some detachment of mountainous regions has significantly reduced due to new means of communication, including the Internet. The possibilities of colleges in mountainous regions still cannot reach the level of the colleges in capital. In Carpathian and Prykrpattya regions there is a number of vocational schools of art direction. During the execution of creative work in class industrial training necessary for students to comply with the rules of relationships form and decoration in various ways: decorative motif obeys the functional form, enriching it artistic and creative solutions, utilitarian function obeys the decorative motif Products, the form of the product can be extremely decorative, artistic and creative product solutions focused on practical value and decorative value of the product. Pedagogical support of gifted students from art colleges in the Carpathian region has extremely wide range of opportunities. The problem of finding and nurturing talents is important for everyone who may take a little thought about the prospect of human development. The practicability of folk art crafts, as a means of developing skills and creativity of students, use is substantiated

Linguocognitive aspects of small texts

Розділ монографії розглядає один з лінгвокогнітивних аспектів малих текстів. Дослідження прагматичного аспекту інформування в газетних повідомленнях про погоду дозволило виявити статус чинників комунікативної ситуації, змістовну структуру суб’єктивно-модальної, систематизувати вербальні і невербальні засоби прагматичного впливу на читача, проаналізувати додаткові «локальні» прагматичні настанови.The research deals with the investigation of pragmatic aspect of the category of informativeness in the English Weather Forecast Text of Newspaper Journalistic Style. The exploration of pragmatic aspect informing in the given text results in identifying communicative situation factors and content structure of sudjective-modal information, in systematizing verbal and non-verbal means of reaching a pragmatic effect

Linguocognitive aspects of small texts

Розділ монографії розглядає один з лінгвокогнітивних аспектів малих текстів. Дослідження прагматичного аспекту інформування в газетних повідомленнях про погоду дозволило виявити статус чинників комунікативної ситуації, змістовну структуру суб’єктивно-модальної, систематизувати вербальні і невербальні засоби прагматичного впливу на читача, проаналізувати додаткові «локальні» прагматичні настанови.The research deals with the investigation of pragmatic aspect of the category of informativeness in the English Weather Forecast Text of Newspaper Journalistic Style. The exploration of pragmatic aspect informing in the given text results in identifying communicative situation factors and content structure of sudjective-modal information, in systematizing verbal and non-verbal means of reaching a pragmatic effect

The Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery: defining a model for antimicrobial stewardship-results from an international cross-sectional survey

Background: Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have been promoted to optimize antimicrobial usage and patient outcomes, and to reduce the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. However, the best strategies for an ASP are not definitively established and are likely to vary based on local culture, policy, and routine clinical practice, and probably limited resources in middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to evaluate structures and resources of antimicrobial stewardship teams (ASTs) in surgical departments from different regions of the world. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in 2016 on 173 physicians who participated in the AGORA (Antimicrobials: A Global Alliance for Optimizing their Rational Use in Intra-Abdominal Infections) project and on 658 international experts in the fields of ASPs, infection control, and infections in surgery. Results: The response rate was 19.4%. One hundred fifty-six (98.7%) participants stated their hospital had a multidisciplinary AST. The median number of physicians working inside the team was five [interquartile range 4-6]. An infectious disease specialist, a microbiologist and an infection control specialist were, respectively, present in 80.1, 76.3, and 67.9% of the ASTs. A surgeon was a component in 59.0% of cases and was significantly more likely to be present in university hospitals (89.5%, p &lt; 0.05) compared to community teaching (83.3%) and community hospitals (66.7%). Protocols for pre-operative prophylaxis and for antimicrobial treatment of surgical infections were respectively implemented in 96.2 and 82.3% of the hospitals. The majority of the surgical departments implemented both persuasive and restrictive interventions (72.8%). The most common types of interventions in surgical departments were dissemination of educational materials (62.5%), expert approval (61.0%), audit and feedback (55.1%), educational outreach (53.7%), and compulsory order forms (51.5%). Conclusion: The survey showed a heterogeneous organization of ASPs worldwide, demonstrating the necessity of a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach in the battle against antimicrobial resistance in surgical infections, and the importance of educational efforts towards this goal