A qualitative examination of home and neighborhood environments for obesity prevention in rural adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The home and neighborhood environments may be important in obesity prevention by virtue of food availability, food preparation, cues and opportunities for physical activity, and family support. To date, little research has examined how home and neighborhood environments in rural communities may support or hinder healthy eating and physical activity. This paper reports characteristics of rural homes and neighborhoods related to physical activity environments, availability of healthy foods, and family support for physical activity and maintaining an ideal body weight.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In-depth interviews were conducted with 60 African American and White adults over 50 years of age in two rural counties in Southwest Georgia. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded independently by two members of the research team using standard methods of qualitative analysis. Themes were then identified and data matrices were used to identify patterns by gender or race.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Neighborhood features that supported physical activity were plenty of land, minimal traffic and living in a safe and friendly neighborhood. The major barrier was lack of recreational facilities. The majority of participants were not physically active with their family members due to schedule conflicts and lack of time. Family member-initiated efforts to encourage physical activity met with mixed results, with refusals, procrastination, and increased activity all reported. Participants generally reported it was easy to get healthy foods, although cost barriers and the need to drive to a larger town for a supermarket with good variety were noted as obstacles. Family conversations about weight had occurred for about half of the participants, with reactions ranging from agreement about the need to lose weight to frustration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggests that successful environmental change strategies to promote physical activity and healthy eating in rural neighborhoods may differ from those used in urban neighborhoods. The findings also provide insight into the complexities of family support for physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight. Addressing socio-ecologic factors has the potential to increase healthy behaviors and decrease the prevalence of obesity among rural residents.</p

Evaluación del grado de aceptabilidad del néctar de fruta con diferentes porcentajes a partir de la granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) y aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana L.)

El presente trabajo de investigación titulado “Evaluación del Grado de Aceptabilidad del Néctar de Fruta con Diferentes Porcentajes a Partir de la Granadilla (Passiflora Ligularis) y Aguaymanto (Physalis Peruviana L.)” surge como alternativa de solución al proceso de elaboración del néctar de granadilla y aguaymanto con diferentes porcentajes; propuesta que contribuye a poder solucionar problemas de salud, debido a enfermedades como obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión causadas por un alto índice de consumo de azúcar, carbohidratos y grasas que cada vez es más frecuente en la sociedad moderna, por lo que diseñar y elaborar productos con bajo contenido de calorías alternativa que tendrá gran impacto en los consumidores(niños y personas de la tercera edad). Teniendo como objetivo determinar el grado de aceptabilidad del néctar de fruta con diferentes porcentajes de granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) y aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana l.); proponiendo así estrategias que mejoren el problema, con el cumplimiento de las normas técnicas establecidas. Se realizó la elaboración del néctar de fruta a base de granadilla (Passiflora ligularis) y aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana l.) con diferentes porcentajes. A estos tres tratamientos se les sometió a una evaluación sensorial con 20 panelistas semi entrenados, que evaluaron los atributos de olor, sabor, color y textura; finalizado la evaluación sensorial, Se logró determinar el tratamiento con mayor aceptabilidad el M2 (60% de granadilla y 40% de aguaymanto) con promedios de los atributos de color=3,75; olor=3,3, sabor=4,25 y textura=3,3; según la escala hedónica planteada en el trabajo de investigación; resultado obtenido de acuerdo a los promedios totales de los tres tratamientos para cada atributo (olor, sabor, color, textura). Para verificar la comparación de los tres tratamientos, en los cuatro atributos con veinte panelistas, se aplicó un Diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar (DBCA) y prueba de comparación múltiple de Duncan (p < 0.05), para constatar la significancia del análisis sensorial y elegir al mejor tratamiento en estudio. Finalmente los resultados del análisis fisicoquímico del tratamiento con mayor aceptabilidad M2 (60% de granadilla y 40% de aguaymanto) fue: proteína=0,69%; carbohidrato=12,36%; fibra=0,36%; ceniza=0,57%; grasa=0,11%; humedad=85,89%; pH=4,19; acidez=0,612 y sólidos solubles=12,6ºBrix.Tesi

Coulomb dissociation of <SUP>20,21</SUP>N

Neutron-rich light nuclei and their reactions play an important role in the creation of chemical elements. Here, data from a Coulomb dissociation experiment on N20,21 are reported. Relativistic N20,21 ions impinged on a lead target and the Coulomb dissociation cross section was determined in a kinematically complete experiment. Using the detailed balance theorem, the N19(n,γ)N20 and N20(n,γ)N21 excitation functions and thermonuclear reaction rates have been determined. The N19(n,γ)N20 rate is up to a factor of 5 higher at T<1GK with respect to previous theoretical calculations, leading to a 10% decrease in the predicted fluorine abundance

Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Hepatic Injury via the Gut-Liver Axis During Acute Alcohol Injury.

Binge drinking, i.e., heavy episodic drinking in a short time, has recently become an alarming societal problem with negative health impact. However, the harmful effects of acute alcohol injury in the gut-liver axis remain elusive. Hence, we focused on the physiological and pathological changes and the underlying mechanisms of experimental binge drinking in the context of the gut-liver axis. Eight-week-old mice with a C57BL/6 background received a single dose (p.o.) of ethanol (EtOH) [6 g/kg b.w.] as a preclinical model of acute alcohol injury. Controls received a single dose of PBS. Mice were sacrificed 8 h later. In parallel, HepaRGs and Caco-2 cells, human cell lines of differentiated hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), respectively, were challenged in the presence or absence of EtOH [0-100 mM]. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated by ultracentrifugation from culture media of IECs were added to hepatocyte cell cultures. Increased intestinal permeability, loss of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and MUCIN-2 expression, and alterations in microbiota-increased Lactobacillus and decreased Lachnospiraceae species-were found in the large intestine of mice exposed to EtOH. Increased TUNEL-positive cells, infiltration of CD11b-positive immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tlr4, tnf, il1β), and markers of lipid accumulation (Oil Red O, srbep1) were evident in livers of mice exposed to EtOH, particularly in females. In vitro experiments indicated that EVs released by IECs in response to ethanol exerted a deleterious effect on hepatocyte viability and lipid accumulation. Overall, our data identified a novel mechanism responsible for driving hepatic injury in the gut-liver axis, opening novel avenues for therapy.This work was supported by the MINECO Retos SAF2016-78711, SAF2017-87919-R, EXOHEP-CM S2017/BMD-3727, NanoLiver-CM Y2018/NMT-4949, ERAB Ref. EA 18/14, AMMF 2018/117, UCM-25-2019 and COST Action CA17112, the German Research Foundation (SFB/TRR57/P04, SFB 1382-403224013/A02, and DFG NE 2128/2-1). FC and YN are Ramón y Cajal Researchers RYC-2014-15242 and RYC-2015-17438. FC is a Gilead Liver Research 2018. KZ is a recipient of a Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). BK20170127 from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province to JP.S

Apéndice – Buenas prácticas para la Seguridad Informática en PyMES (CAMERA READY)

Apendice del articulo Buenas prácticas para la Seguridad Informática en PyMES</p

Differences in Perceptions of the Home Food and Physical Activity Environment Among Adult Dyads

Research has shown that microenvironments such as homes and neighborhoods are associated with dietary and physical activity behaviors. This study examines self-reports of home and neighborhood environments of adult dyads living in the same household ( n = 83 dyads) and explores correlates of discrepant perceptions. Food and exercise equipment in the home and access to neighborhood recreational facilities were assessed. Agreement between pairs varied across measures, with dyads having less disagreement in reporting their physical activity environment compared with their food environment. Discrepancy indices were .20 for exercise equipment, .29 for neighborhood facilities, .25 for fruits, .26 for drinks, and .28 for vegetables and snacks/other foods. Differences in education, food shopping behavior, fat intake, BMI, and physical activity were associated with discordance in reporting among dyads. Results suggest that co-dwelling adults perceive their home and neighborhood environments differently. This has implications for how microenvironments are measured and how data are interpreted. </jats:p