Application of approximation theory by nonlinear manifolds in Sturm-Liouville inverse problems

We give here some negative results in Sturm-Liouville inverse theory, meaning that we cannot approach any of the potentials with $m+1$ integrable derivatives on $\mathbb{R}^+$ by an $\omega$-parametric analytic family better than order of $(\omega\ln\omega)^{-(m+1)}$. Next, we prove an estimation of the eigenvalues and characteristic values of a Sturm-Liouville operator and some properties of the solution of a certain integral equation. This allows us to deduce from [Henkin-Novikova] some positive results about the best reconstruction formula by giving an almost optimal formula of order of $\omega^{-m}$.Comment: 40 page

Estudio funcional del cortisol y ACTH plasmáticos en perros : respuesta ante el estímulo con hormona liberadora de corticotrofina (CRF) en situación de anestesia

La acción de los agentes anestésicos sobre la ACTH y el cortisol es variable. Nos interesó ver el comportamiento del eje hipotálarno-hipófisoadrenal en situación de anestesia. Igualmente se estudia la capacidad de respuesta de este eje cuando, estando bajo el efecto de la anestesia, se somete a un estímulo fisiológico. Se observa que el pentotal sódico produce descenso del nivel de cortisol y ACTH.Aún estando el animal anestesiado, las glándulas adrenales tienen capacidad de respuesta ante estímulos fisiológicosThe action of the anaesthetic agents on ACTH and cortisol is variable. In the present paper we were interested to see the behauiour of the hypothalamus bypophysis-adrenal axis in a state of anaesthesia. In the same way we study the response capacity of this axis when, being under the effect of anaesthesia, it is submitted to a physiological stimulus. We observe sodium pentothal produces a decrease in the level of cortisol and ACTH. Even when the animal is anaesthetized, the adrenal glands have the response capacity in the presence of physiological stimuli

La fuerza del parentesco y la cotidianidad doméstica en las casas del bajo clero secular de Murcia durante los siglos XVII y XVIII

The aim of this paper is to study the households of secular clergymen in the city of Murcia during the XVII and XVIII centuries. In order to achieve this two documents made for tax collection purposes will be used: a statement by ecclesiastics in 1667 and the book of families in 1756. The purpose is to analyse the family structures in which relatives were present. It was found that women predominated. It has been found that there were different reasons for the presence of relatives in the households of clergymen: from providing care and assistance or help with their studies, to helping out in domestic service.En este trabajo se estudian los hogares de los clérigos seculares de la ciudad de Murcia durante los siglos XVII y XVIII a partir de dos fuentes realizadas con fines recaudatorios: unas declaraciones de eclesiásticos de 1667 y el libro de familias del Vecindario de 1756. Se trata de analizar las estructuras familiares en que estaban presentes los parientes, detectándose que predominaban las mujeres. Se ha comprobado que había diferentes motivos que explicaban la presencia de familiares en las casas de los eclesiásticos: desde brindar cuidado y asistencia o ayudar en sus estudios, hasta colaborar en el servicio doméstico.  

Strongyloides stercoralis: a rare and severe presentation in a pregnant woman

Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic nematode with a worldwide distribution. It can go from an asymptomatic infection to a life-threatening hyperinfection syndrome. Here, we report a case of intestinal obstruction due to S. stercoralis in a pregnant woman. This condition, as well as severe strongyloidiasis in pregnant women, is seldomly reported. In this case, Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) coinfection was confirmed, a well-known risk factor for a more severe presentation of strongyloidiasis. We suggest that HTLV status should be screened in every severe S. stercoralis infection, or when, despite a correct treatment, a relapse is observed

Lesiones bucales en un grupo de pacientes con trasplante renal

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de lesiones de la mucosa bucal (LB) en un grupo de pacientes con trasplante renal (TR), y analizar las posibles asociaciones de las lesiones entre sí, con el uso de fármacos y con variables clínicas y de laboratorio relevantes. Metodología. Estudio transversal, en el que se examinó a pacientes consecutivos con TR de la consulta de nefrología de un hospital General de Zona del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Se determinó la frecuencia y el tipo de lesiones bucales. Se analizaron las posibles asociaciones de las LB entre sí y con la cuenta de leucocitos totales, la función renal, el índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S), los niveles de ciclosporina A (CsA) en sangre y el uso de nifedipina. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística para analizar la asociación entre hiperplasia gingival (HG) y la dosis de CsA y de nifedipina. Resultados. Se examinaron 50 (55.6%) hombres y 40 (44.4%) mujeres. El 60% de los pacientes presentaron al menos una lesión bucal. Se presentó candidosis bucal (CB) en 18.7%, lesiones clínicamente compatibles con leucoplasia vellosa (CLV) en 13%. Se identificó asociación entre la presencia de CB y CLV (P<0.05). Se encontró lengua saburral (LS) en 22% de los pacientes, e HG en 49%; Grado 1 en 11 (12.2%); Grado 2 en 26 (28.9%) y Grado 3 en 7 (7.8%). Los resultados de la regresión logística demostraron asociación de HG con mala higiene bucal (P<0.001), pero no con la dosis o los niveles de CsA, ni con el uso de nifedipina (P=0.075). Conclusión. El 60% de los pacientes con TR presentó al menos una lesión en la mucosa bucal. La asociación entre HG y mala higiene bucal demuestra la necesidad de supervisar la higiene bucal en el paciente trasplantado.Aim: To assess the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions (OL) in a group of kidney transplant (KT) patients, and analyze possible OL associations with one another and with drugs use and relevant clinical and laboratory variables. Methodology. Transversal study, in which consecutive KT patients from the nephrology outpatient service at a General Zonal Hospital were examined. The prevalence of several types of OL was assessed, and their possible statistical associations with one another and total leukocyte count, renal function, the simplified oral hygiene index (S-OHI), cyclosporin-A (CsA) dose and blood levels, and nifedipine use was analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between gingival hyperplasia (GH) and CsA dose and nifedipine use. Results. Fifty (55.6%) men and forty (44.4%) women were studied. Sixty percent of the patients had at least one OL. Oral candidiasis (OC) was found in 18.7%; 13% had lesions clinically compatible with hairy leukoplakia (CHL). An association was found between OC and CHL (P<0.05). Saburral tongue (ST) was found in 22% of the patients and gingival hyperplasia (GH) in 49%, which was distributed as follows: Grade 1 in 11 (12.2%); Grade 2 in 26 (28.9%), and Grade 3 in 7 (7.8%). Logistic regression results showed an association between GH and poor oral hygiene (P<0.001), but not to either CsA dose or blood levels, or nifedipine use (P=0.075). Conclusion. Sixty percent of the KT patients had at least one OL. The association between GH and poor oral hygiene corroborate the need for oral hygiene practices supervision in the transplant patient

Assessment of total (free and bound) phenolic compounds in spent coffee extracts

Spent coffee is the main byproduct of the brewing process and a potential source of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic acids easily extracted with water. Free and bound caffeoylquinic (3-CQA, 4-CQA, 5-CQA), dicaffeoylquinic (3,4-diCQA, 3,5-diCQA, 4,5-diCQA), caffeic, ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were measured by HPLC, after the application of three treatments (alkaline, acid, saline) to spent coffee extracts. Around 2-fold higher content of total phenolics has been estimated in comparison to free compounds. Phenolic compounds with one or more caffeic acid molecules were approximately 54% linked to macromolecules such as melanoidins, mainly by noncovalent interactions (up to 81% of bound phenolic compounds). The rest of the quantitated phenolic acids were mainly attached to other structures by covalent bonds (62-97% of total bound compounds). Alkaline hydrolysis and saline treatment were suitable to estimate total bound and ionically bound phenolic acids, respectively, whereas acid hydrolysis is an inadequate method to quantitate coffee phenolic acids

Harvest index, a parameter conditioning responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated CO2

The expansion of the world’s population requires the development of high production agriculture. For this purpose, it is essential to identify target points conditioning crop responsiveness to predicted [CO2]. The aim of this study was to determine the relevance of ear sink strength in leaf protein and metabolomic profiles and its implications in photosynthetic activity and yield of durum wheat plants exposed to elevated [CO2]. For this purpose, a genotype with high harvest index (HI) (Triticum durum var. Sula) and another with low HI (Triticum durum var. Blanqueta) were exposed to elevated [CO2] (700 µmol mol–1 versus 400 µmol mol–1 CO2) in CO2 greenhouses. The obtained data highlighted that elevated [CO2] only increased plant growth in the genotype with the largest HI; Sula. Gas exchange analyses revealed that although exposure to 700 µmol mol–1 depleted Rubisco content, Sula was capable of increasing the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation (Asat) whereas, in Blanqueta, the carbohydrate imbalance induced the down-regulation of Asat. The specific depletion of Rubisco in both genotypes under elevated [CO2], together with the enhancement of other proteins in the Calvin cycle, revealed that there was a redistribution of N from Rubisco towards RuBP regeneration. Moreover, the down-regulation of N, NO3 –, amino acid, and organic acid content, together with the depletion of proteins involved in amino acid synthesis that was detected in Blanqueta grown at 700 µmol mol–1 CO2, revealed that inhibition of N assimilation was involved in the carbohydrate imbalance and consequently with the down-regulation of photosynthesis and growth in these plants

Extraction kinetics of saponins from quinoa seed (Chenopodium quinoa Willd)

Quinoa has higher protein content (11-16% m/m) and better amino acid profile than cereals and represents a valuable resource for healthy nutrition. The aim of this work was to study the saponins extraction kinetics during washing of soaked quinoa. The experimental curves of saponins content as a function of time was measured at water temperatures of 20, 40, 60, and 70ºC. A spectrophotometric method was proposed to determine total saponins content, while an unsteady state diffusional model was applied to this extraction problem, assuming strict internal control to the mass transfer rate. As a first analysis, the complete analytical solution for constant diffusion coefficient (Deff) using the initial radius (R0) provided an accurate predicted curve at each temperature. The diffusion coefficients (around 10−10 m2s-1), were correlated with temperature using an Arrhenius-type relationship to obtain an activation energy Ea  of 16.9 kJ mol-1.  The preliminary values of Ea and preexponential factor (D0) thus obtained were used as initial values of a second, more robust fitting where the whole dataset of saponins concentrations as a function of time for all temperatures. The Arrhenius equation was directly inserted into the diffusional solution. The following parameters were obtained: Ea= 17.2 kJ mol-1 and, D0= 3.232×107 m2 s-1, respectively with an overall r2=0.985. Saponins content agreed well with experimental values. As the equation is capable of predicting saponin extraction times for various operating conditions, it can be used within equipment design schemes

Patagonotothen tessellata

This demersal species inhabits nearshore rocky reefs and kelp forests in southern Chile and Argentina and has an estimated generation length of 5 years. The global-level center of its abundance is in the straits of southern Chile. Invasive Chinook salmon now occur throughout the straits of Chile, and this represents a potential major threat, including impacts from competition, predation and disease introduction. The invasion is expected to expand into other parts of its range (i.e. Argentina). The Chilean salmon aquaculture industry, which is the source of escaped individuals, is expected to expand in the near future. The centre, or the major proportion of its global population is concentrated in the area where this threat is greatest. This threat has been increasing over time, but probably began about 30 years ago. There are no data to quantify population trends at this time; and considering this major threat and the lack of understanding for the likely direct impact, it is listed as Data Deficient. It is highly recommended to conduct studies on population trends as well as the impacts from the invasive salmon. Recommended conservation actions include the continued protection of kelp forests from harvest and to improve management of invasive salmon and prevention of escapes.Fil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; Brasi